2022-2023年考博英语-中国农业科学院模拟考试题（含答案解析）第17期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-中国农业科学院模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题There is nothing wrong, of course, with a countrys questioning its direction and wanting to preserve many of its traditional values. Moreover, Japan isnt likely to revert to the collusive(诡秘的) and anticompetitive policies of the past. The reform process has go

2、ne too far, and corporate behavior has changed too dramatically. But given the magnitude (巨大) of the fiscal and financial challenges ahead, even a slight slowing of the governments deregulatory efforts and private-sector restructuring could create an eventual disaster. Nows not the time for Japan to

3、 rest on its laurels.【答案】【参考译文】当然，一个国家质疑自己的方向，并希望保留许多传统价值观，这并没有错。此外，日本不太可能恢复到共谋的(诡秘的)和反竞争政策的过去。改革进程走得太远，企业行为发生了太大变化。但是考虑到大小(巨大)的财政和金融挑战，甚至略有放缓政府放松管制的努力和私营部门的重组可以创建最终的灾难。现在不是日本安于现状的时候。2. 单选题On the local level, tradition,（ ）through customs, rituals, education, and the countless forms of activity that

4、constitute social behavior, bolstered stability and discouraged tendencies toward change.问题1选项A.spelled outB.manifestedC.givenD.explained【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项spell out“讲清楚”；B选项manifest“呈现，显示”；C选项given“被给予”；D选项explain“解释”。根据空格后文的内容，传统通过这些形式进行呈现，可推测B选项符合题干内容。句意：在地方层面上，传统通过习俗、仪式、教育和无数形式的构成社会行为的活动，巩固了稳定

5、，阻碍了变革的趋势。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题The history of Lis career took its special course because it occurred at the end of imperial times, when institutional problems of traditional Chinese history became（ ）new elements brought in by the impact of the West.问题1选项A.togetherB.separatedC.unitedD.merged with【答案】D【解析】考查

6、形容词词义以及固定搭配辨析。A选项together“新潮的，情绪稳定的”；B选项separated“分开的，分居”；C选项united“一致的，统一的”；D选项merged with“与结合；与联合”。merged with与融合，结合，由题干可知，中国传统以及西方新元素会产生融合。排除A选项，B选项；空格处前是become，后面是new elements，宾语，根据语法结构，不能直接在空格处加入形容词，代入C选项无法组成完整的句子，不符合语法结构，空格处填入的词应和become一起构成谓语。句意：当中国传统历史的体制问题与在西方影响下引入的新元素相时，由于处于帝国时期的末期，李的职业历史便走

7、向了一条特殊的道路。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题The qualities demanded by the government were of a practical, moral and ethical nature, the objective being to perpetuate Confucian traditions which were（ ）in maintaining stability and sanctioning the imperial rule.问题1选项A.usefulB.essentialC.instrumentalD.vital【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义

8、辨析。A选项useful“有用的”；B选项essential“必不可少的”；C选项instrumental“有帮助的”；D选项vital“极其重要的”。虽然四个词放在题目中均读得通，但根据题意，我们选择最合适的，即B选项。句意：政府所要求的质量带有实在、道德伦理的本质，孔子传统对于维持稳定、认可帝国统治是的，这便是保持孔子传统的目的。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题In times of economic difficulty, governmental budgets for education are often slashed before any others.问题1选项A.shifted

9、B.cutC.checkedD.donated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。slash表示“猛砍，削减”。A项shift“转移，快速转移”，B项cut“割破，砍，削减”，C项check“检查”，D项donate“捐赠”。句意：在经济困难时期，政府经常首先削减教育预算。根据句意，该题选B正确。6. 不定项选择题Hurricanes are violent storms that cause millions of dollars in property damage and take many lives. They can be extremely dangerous, and too of

10、ten people underestimate their fury.Hurricanes normally originate as a small area of thunderstorms over the Atlantic Ocean west of the Cape Verde Islands during August or September. For several days, the area of the storm increases and the air pressure falls slowly. A center of low pressure forms, a

11、nd winds begin to whirl around it. It is blown westward, increasing in size and strength.Hurricane hunters then fly out to the storm in order to determine its size and intensity and to track its direction. They drop instruments for recording temperature, air pressure, and humidity（湿度）, into the stor

12、m. They also look at the size of waves on the ocean, the clouds, and the eye of the storm. The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in the center of the hurricane. People often lose their lives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived, only to be caught in tremendous winds again when

13、the eye has passed.Once the forecasters have determined that it is likely the hurricane will reach shore, they issue a hurricane watch for a large, general area that may be in the path of the storm. Later, when the probable point of landfall is clearer, they will issue a hurricane warning for a some

14、what more limited area. People in these areas are wise to stock up on nonperishable foods, flash light and radio batteries, candles, and other items they may need if electricity and water are not available after the storm. They should also try to hurricane-proof their houses by bringing in light-wei

15、ght furniture and other items from outside and covering windows. People living in low-lying areas are wise to evacuate their houses because of the storm surge, which is a large rush of water that may come ashore with the storm. Hurricanes generally lose power slowly while traveling over land, but ma

16、ny move out to sea, gather up force again, and return to land. As they move toward the north, they generally lose their identity as hurricanes.46. The eye of the hurricane is（ ）.47. Which of the following statements is true?48. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?49. The

17、low-lying areas refer to those regions that（ ）.50. Which of the following is NOT a method of protecting ones house from a hurricane?问题1选项A.the powerful center of the stormB.the part that determines its directionC.the relatively calm center of the stormD.the center of low pressure问题2选项A.A storm surge

18、 is a dramatic increase in wind velocity.B.A hurricane watch is more serious than a hurricane warning.C.Falling air pressure is an indicator that the storm is increasing in intensity.D.It is safe to go outside once the eye has arrived.问题3选项A.How to Avoid Hurricane damageB.Forecasting HurricanesC.The

19、 dangerous HurricaneD.Atlantic Storms问题4选项A.close to the ground levelB.one-storey flatC.flat housesD.near to the lowest level of hurricane问题5选项A.taking out heavy thingsB.moving in light-weight furnitureC.equipping the house with stonesD.covering windowsHurricanes are violent storms that cause millio

20、ns of dollars in property damage and take many lives. They can be extremely dangerous, and too often people underestimate their fury.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】46.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。从第三段倒数第二句The eye is a region of relative calm and clear skies in the center of the hurricane.（飓风眼是飓风中心相对平静和晴朗的天空

21、区域）可知C项“风暴相对平静的中心”正确。A项“强大的风暴中心”与文意相反，排除；B项“决定其方向的部分”文中未提及；D项“低压中心”定位到原文第一段可知低压中心是飓风形成前的表现，故错误。47.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。从最后一段倒数第三句People living in low-lying areas are wise to evacuate their houses because of the storm surge, which is a large rush of water that may come ashore with the storm.（生活在低洼地区的人们

22、明智地撤离他们的房屋，因为风暴潮是一股巨大的水流，可能会随着风暴上岸。）可知storm surge是指水而不是风，所以A项“风暴潮是风速的急剧增加。”不正确。根据最后一段开头的描述，飓风可能登陆时先在一个较大的可能范围内进行hurricane watch,然后在可能着陆点hurricane warning，可以看出hurricane warning比hurricane watch更严重,所以B项“飓风监视比飓风警报更严重。”不正确。根据第二段最后一句People often lose their lives by leaving shelter when the eye has arrived

23、, only to be caught in tremendous winds again when the eye has passed.（当风眼来临时，人们如果走出房间会被风眼过去后的大风吹死），所以说在风眼来临时走出房间是不安全的）D项“风眼来临，出去是安全的”也不正确。通过排除法可知只有C项“气压下降表明风暴的强度在增加”正确。48.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。阅读全文，分别讲了飓风的形成、飓风的预报、面对飓风的防范措施、飓风的消亡，C项“危险的飓风”可以作为标题概括文章内容。A项“如何避免飓风的破坏”；B项“飓风预报”；D项“大西洋风暴”都只涉及到文章的一个方面。49.【试

24、题答案】A【试题解析】语义推测题。题干low-lying areas是指地势低平的地区，A项“接近地面”；B、C是指一层平房，D项“接近最低级别的飓风”。所以只有A项符合。50.【试题答案】C【试题解析】判断推理题。从第三段第六行They should also try to hurricane- proof their houses by bringing in lightweight furniture and other items from outside and covering windows.（他们还应尝试从外部带入轻巧的家具和其他物品并遮盖窗户，以防飓风袭击他们的房屋）可知将轻

25、的家具、物品带入房内，盖住窗户是预防飓风的措施，所以B和D正确，其中也暗含了选项A“取出重物”，因为将轻的物品放入房内也就意味着将重的物品带出房间，所以A也符合。C选项文中未提及。7. 单选题Because of its favorable climate, its easy access to the principal silk and tea producing area, and its（ ）to the main interior trade routes, Shanghai attracted more foreign attention than any other port i

26、n China.问题1选项A.distanceB.in the neighborhoodC.proximityD.in the neighborhood of【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义短语搭配辨析。A选项distance“距离”；B选项in the neighborhood“在附近”；C选项proximity“接近”；D选项in the neighborhood of“在附近”。proximity to邻近某段，为固定搭配。句意：宜人的气候，进入丝绸茶叶的主产地的便利以及国内主要的商业圈，让上海比中国其他地区更能引起外国的注意。因此C选项正确。8. 单选题At dusk, Mr. High

27、tower would sit in his old armchair in the backyard and wistfully lose in reminiscence of his youth romances.问题1选项A.hopefullyB.reflectivelyC.sympatheticallyD.irresistibly【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。wistfully在句中是“渴望地，希望地”；A选项hopefully“希望地”；B选项reflectively“沉思地”；C选项sympathetically“同情地，怜悯地”；D选项irresistibly“不可抗拒地”。句

28、意：黄昏时分，海托先生会坐在后院的旧扶手椅上渴望沉浸在他青春恋情的回忆中。根据选项，只有A项符合。9. 单选题None of students in the class likes the mistress, who is used to being（ ）of everything they do.问题1选项A.emotionalB.optimisticC.interestedD.critical【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项emotional“情感的”；B选项optimistic“乐观的”；C选项interested“感兴趣的”；D选项critical“批评的，苛刻的”，句意：班里

29、没有一个学生喜欢那位女老师，她惯于批评学生们所做的一切事。所以选D。10. 单选题The fact that they reacted so differently was a reflection of their different（ ）.问题1选项A.performancesB.personalitiesC.qualitiesD.debut【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A项performance“表现”，B项personality“人格，个性”，C项quality“质量”，D项debut“初次登台，开张”。句意：他们的反应如此不同，反映了他们不同的个性。根据句意，该题选B正确。11.

30、不定项选择题Motorola Inc., the worlds second-largest mobile phone make, will begin selling all of the technology needed to build a basic mobile phone to outside manufacturers, in a key change of strategy. The inventor of the cell phone, which has been troubled by missteps compounded by a recent industry s

31、lump in sales, is trying to become a neutral provider of mobile technology to rivals, with an eye toward fostering a much larger market than it could create itself. The Chicago area-based company, considered to have the widest range of technologies needed to build a phone, said it planned to make av

32、ailable chips, a design layout for the computer board, software, development tools and testing tools. Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips, but this is the first time the company will offer its entire line of chips as well as a detailed blueprint. Mo

33、bile phones contain a variety of chips and components to control power, sound and amplification. Analysts said they liked the new strategy but were cautious about whether Motorolas mobile phone competitors would want to buy the technology from a rival.The company, long known for its top-notch（等级）eng

34、ineering culture, is hoping to profit its mobile phone technology now that the basic technology to build a mobile phone has largely become a commodity. Motorola said it will begin offering the technology based on the next-generation GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) standard because most mobile pho

35、ne makers already have technology in place for current digital phones. GPRS offers faster access to data through “always on” network connections, and customers are charged only for the information they retrieve, rather than the length of download.Burgess said the new business will not conflict with

36、Motorolas own mobile phone business because the latter will remain competitive by offering advanced features and designs. Motorolas phones have been criticized as being too complicated and expensive to manufacture, but Burgess said Motorola will simplify the technology in the phones by a third. In a

37、ddition to basic technology, Burgess said, Motorola would also offer additional features such as Bluetooth, a technology that allows wireless communications at a short distance, and Global Positioning System, which tracks the users whereabouts, and MP3 audio capability.41. The word “slump” in the fi

38、rst paragraph may be replaced by（ ）.42. According to this passage, Motorola Inc.（ ）.43. Analysts dont think that（ ）.44. The technology supplied by Motorola is based on（ ）.45. Which of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.slouchB.declineC.increaseD.stamp问题2选项A.is the worlds largest mobile phon

39、e makerB.is trying to become a mobile technology provider besides being a mobile phone makerC.will only sell chips of the mobile phonesD.is going to sell all its manufacturing plants问题3选项A.Motorola will be successfulB.the technology offered by Motorola will be selected by its competitorsC.its compet

40、itors will want to buy the technology from itD.its mobile phones contain a variety of chips问题4选项A.Bluetooth featuresB.MP3 audio capabilityC.Global Positioning SystemD.GPRS standard问题5选项A.GPRS offers faster access to data through network connections, so customers should pay more.B.Motorola Inc. is th

41、e inventor of the cell phone.C.Previously Motorola only supplied mobile phone manufacturers with some of its chips.D.Motorola Inc. is known for its high-class engineering culture.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】41.【试题答案】B【试题解析】词义辨析题。Slump “消沉、衰退、（物价）暴跌”，A选项slouch“懒散”； B选项decline “下降，衰落，消沉”；C选项incre

42、ase “上涨，增加”，所以slump可以用B代替。42.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到第一段第四句is trying to become a neutral provider of mobile technology to rivals（试图成为竞争对手移动技术的中立供应商）以及最后一段第一句Burgess said the new business will not conflict with Motorolas own mobile phone business（伯吉斯表示，新业务不会与摩托罗拉自己的手机业务发生冲突），所以B项“正在努力成为一个移动技术提供商以外的移动电话

43、制造商”正确。A选项定位到第一段开头Motorola , the worlds second-largest mobile phone make（摩托罗拉是世界第二大移动电话生产商），所以A项“最大的生产商”错误；从第一段倒数第四行but this is the first time the company will offer its entire line of chips as well as a detailed blueprint.（但这是该公司首次提供完整的芯片系列以及详细的蓝图）可知C选项“只卖手机芯片”错误；D选项“将出售所有的制造厂”文中并没有提及，所以排除。43.【试题答案

44、】C【试题解析】观点态度题。题目：分析学家认为不。第一段最后一句Analysts said they liked the new strategy but were cautious about whether Motorolas mobile phone competitors would want to buy the technology from a rival （分析家说他们喜欢这一策略，但是对于竞争者是否会愿意从竞争对手手中购买技术这一问题持谨慎态度），C项“竞争者们想要从摩托罗拉购买这项技术”，符合题意。A项“摩托罗拉会成功的”；B项“摩托罗拉提供的技术将由竞争对手选择”；D项“

45、它的手机里有各种各样的芯片”都不符合题干。44.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。从第二段第二句话Motorola said it will begin offering the technology based on the next -generation GPRS (Global Packet Radio Service) standard（摩托罗拉表示，将开始提供基于下一代GPRS（全球分组无线业务）标准的技术）可知D选项“GPRS标准”正确。A项“蓝牙功能”；B项“MP3音频功能”；C项“全球定位系统”文中均没有提及。45.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。从第二段最后一句G

46、PRS offers faster access to data through always on network connections, and customers are charged only for the information they retrieve，rather than the length of download.（GPRS通过网络连接提供了更快的数据访问速度，客户只需按他们检索的信息收费，而不是下载的长度）可知顾客的付费应该是少了，而不是多了，所以A项“GPRS通过网络连接提供更快的数据访问，因此客户应该支付更多的费用”错误，符合题意；从第一段第二句开头The i

47、nventor of the cell phone（手机的发明者）可知B项“摩托罗拉公司是手机的发明者”正确；从第一段倒数第六行Motorola has previously supplied mobile phone manufacturers with a couple of its chips（摩托罗拉此前曾向手机制造商提供过几款芯片）可知C项“摩托罗拉过去只向手机制造商提供部分产品它的芯片”正确；从第二段开头The company, long known for its top-notch engineering culture（这家公司长期以来以一流的工程文化而闻名）可知D项“摩托罗

48、拉公司以其一流的工程文化而闻名”正确。12. 问答题Directions: After you have read the following passage, write out a summary in English whit about 70 to 90 words. Put your summary on the ANSWER SHEET.What is Society?Society is a group of human beings, held together by agreement for reasons that are mutually beneficial to t

49、he individual members. Societies operate as a whole, as a collective body, chiefly in ways that look out for the highest common good of all. Members have specific roles and responsibilities within the society. One of the best direct analogies is with the human body itself. The cells are all alive, i

50、ndependently, yet they group together and establish roles, responsibilities, and relationships that allow a greater whole to exist that is more than just the sum of the parts. The cells gain from the specific roles they play because they are allowed to be what they are more effectively. Further, the

51、y are given a limited awareness of the whole that their efforts aid in creating.Similarly, when individual human beings group together to form societies, an organization is created in which the members are the cells. Subgroups of the members may form organs through which higher level functions can t

52、hen manifest. If the relationships are loose, the body created has limited functionality over that of any individual member because there is little synergy. When the relationships are close and founded on a basis of love, the body thus created has significant functionality over that of the individua

53、ls. When the group is small, few organs can be created so there is limited complexity or functionality. When the group is large, many organs can be created, resulting in highly increased complexity and functionality. Countries, regions, states cities, and neighborhoods could all be considered to be

54、societies as could teams, groups, and any other organizations of people. For our purposes here, the most important society is The United States of America since it is the one established to set up the New Order for the Ages, novus ordo seclorum.Society is more than the government, however. It also i

55、ncludes all the economic and social infrastructure necessary to provide people with what they need.【答案】参考范文：Society is a group of human beings, held together by agreement for reasons that are mutually beneficial to the individual members. Societies operate as a whole, chiefly in ways that look out f

56、or the highest common good of all. Members have specific roles and responsibilities within the society. Society is more than the government, however. It also includes the entire economic and social infrastructure necessary to provide people with what they need.13. 单选题He felt a repugnance for the cit

57、y because it was heavily under the influence of foreigners, whom he considered to be corrupt and（ ）.问题1选项A.unscrupulousB.with principlesC.in principleD.out of principle【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项unscrupulous“寡廉鲜耻，不讲道德的”；B选项with principles“符合原则的”；C选项in principle“大体上，原则上”；D选项out of principle“背离原则”。根据题干，可知此

58、处应当填入一个形容词，且含有贬义，因此推测A选项正确。句意：他对这座城市感到厌恶因为这城市受外国人影响太严重了，而他眼中的外国人是堕落而又。因此A选项正确。14. 单选题While he was not dumber than an ox, he was not any smarter; so most of his classmates were lenient and helped him along.问题1选项A.helpfulB.mercifulC.enthusiasticD.intelligent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。lenient在句中是“仁慈的，宽大的”；A选项hel

59、pful“有帮助的，有益的”；B选项merciful“仁慈的”；C选项enthusiastic“热心的，热情的”；D选项intelligent“聪明的”。句意：虽然他不比牛笨，但也不比牛聪明，所以他的大多数同学都很宽容和仁慈，并给予他帮助。所以只有B项符合。15. 单选题This medicine will（ ）the pain in the stomach.问题1选项A.ascertainB.agitateC.alleviateD.allocate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A项ascertain“确定，查明”，B项agitate“摇动，骚动”，C项alleviate“减轻，缓和”，D项

60、allocate“分配”。句意：这种药会减轻胃痛。根据句意，该题选C正确。16. 单选题People were surprised to find that he had the ability to（ ）everything he was involved in.问题1选项A.precedeB.dominateC.pervadeD.denominate【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项precede“领先，在之前”，指在次序或地位上先于或高于；B项dominate“控制，支配”，指施加决定性、引导性影响于；C项pervade“遍及，弥漫”，D项denominate“为命名；把称作”。句意：

61、人们惊讶地发现，他有能力支配他所参与的一切。根据句意，该题选B正确。17. 单选题Before the construction of the road, it was prohibitively expensive to transport any furs or fruits across the mountains.问题1选项A.determinedlyB.incrediblyC.amazinglyD.forbiddingly【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。prohibitively在句中是“禁止地”，prohibitively expensive的意思是极其昂贵。A选项determin

62、edly“坚定地，坚决地”；B选项incredibly“端地；令人难以置信地”；C选项amazingly“惊人地，令人惊讶地”；D选项forbiddingly“禁止地”。句意：在修路之前，把毛皮和水果运过山是非常昂贵的。根据选项词义，只有D项符合。18. 单选题The day was breaking and people began to go to work so the murderer was unable to（ ）of the body.问题1选项A.dispenseB.disposeC.discardD.discharge【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dispense“分

63、配，分发”；C选项discard“丢弃，抛弃”；D选项discharge“卸货，放出”。句意：因为天亮了人们开始去上班，所以凶手无法处理尸体。此外，dispose与of为固定搭配，意思是“处置，处理”。所以只有B选项符合。19. 不定项选择题Severe drought in the 1970s and 80s, coupled with a population explosion and destructive farming and livestock practices, was denuding vast swaths of land. The desert seemed determined to swallow everything. So Mr. Danjimo and other farmers in Guidan Bakoye，th