考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学模拟考试题含答案8

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1、考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题If any man here does not agree with me, he should（）his own plan for improving the living conditions of these people.问题1选项A.put onB.put outC.put inD.put forward【答案】D【解析】短语辨析题。put on穿上；put out把.拿出来；put in提交；put forward提出。句意：假如有人不赞同我的提议,他应该提出自己的计划以提高这些人的生活条件。选项D符合句意。2. 单选题

2、Our generation has made such immense discoveries and achieved such undreamed enrichments of the outside of life, that it has lost touch with the inside of life. It has forgotten the true riches and beauties of its spiritual inheritance: riches and beauties that go far beyond our modern chatter about

3、 values and ideals. The minds search for more breadth has obscured the hearts craving for more depth. Once again man has become the dupe of his own cleverness. And because it is difficult to attend to more than a few things at a time, we leave out a great range of experiences which comes in by anoth

4、er route and tells us of another kind of life. Our interest rushes out to the farthest limits of the universe, but we seldom take a sounding of the ocean beneath our restless keels. We get, therefore, a queer feeling that we are leaving something out. Knowledge has grown; but wisdom, savoring the de

5、ep wonder and mystery of life, lingers far behind. Thus the life of the human spirit, which ought to maintain a balance between the world visible and the world invisible, is thrown out of gear.1.Which of the following may best serve as the title of the passage?2.The author of this passage implies hi

6、s concern over mans （）3.The author suggests that man needs to（）4.Which of the following is implied in the passage?5.What is something that we are leaving out according to the author?问题1选项A.Mans Need for Wisdom.B.The Invisible World.C.The Heart and Mind of Man.D.The Growth of Knowledge.问题2选项A.inhuman

7、ity to other menB.emphasis on the materialistic in lifeC.explorations in the farthest limits of the universeD.lack of knowledge of the visible world问题3选项A.be cleverer.B.learn to do more than one thing at a timeC.give more attention to the spiritD.become more social问题4选项A.The soul of men is restless.

8、B.People spend too much time in idle talk.C.Man is too concerned with things of the spirit.D.Man should search for more breadth in his life.问题5选项A.Immense discoveriesB.Undreamed enrichments of the outside of lifeC.WisdomD.Knowledge【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。这段文章主要讲述了人类追求外在物质的世界而忽略了内在的精

9、神世界的情况。文章的倒数第二句“Knowledge has grown; but wisdom, savoring the deep wonder and mystery of life, lingers far behind.”进行了点题, 人们的知识增长了, 但智慧却远远落后, 所以人们需要智慧。2.判断推理题。根据上一题可以知道, 文章就是在说人类追求外在物质的世界而忽略了内在的精神世界的情况, 所以由此推断, 作者担心的是人类过于关注物质世界。选项B正确。3.细节事实题。福据文章中的 It has forgotten the true riches and beauties of it

10、s spiritual inheritance。可以知道作者还是很希望大家更多的关注内在世界, 所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据文中“We get, therefore, a queer feeling that we are leaving something out. ”我们有一种奇怪的感觉, 觉得我们遗漏了什么。选项B说的是表象, 选项C和D错误。所以只有选项A符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据文中的倒数第二句“Knowledge has grown; but wisdom, savoring the deep wonder and mystery of life, lingers fa

11、r behind.”由此推断, 人们遗失的是智慧。3. 单选题I sent invitations to 80 people,（）have replied.问题1选项A.of whom only 20 of themB.only 20 of them whoC.of whom only 20D.only 20 who【答案】C【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我邀请了80人,其中只有20人回复了。of表从属关系,在这里指80人中的20人, whom指代80人。选项A重复,选项C表述正确。4. 单选题A land free from destruction, plus wealth, natu

12、ral resources, and labor supply-all these were important（1）in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution. （2）they were not enough. Something （3）was needed to start the industrial process. That “something special” was men （4）individuals who could invent machines, find new（5）of

13、 power, and establish business organizations to reshape society.The men who（6）the machines of the Industrial Revolution（7）from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were （8）inventors than scientists. A man who is a（9）scientist is primarily interested in doing his research（10）. He is no

14、t necessarily working （11）that his findings can be used.An investor or one interested in applied science is（12）trying to make something that has a concrete （13）. He may try to solve a problem by using the theories（14）science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he i

15、s working to obtain a（15）result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of （16）other objectives.Most of the people who（17）the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and investors. Even those who

16、had（18）or no training in science might not have made their inventions（19）a ground-work had not been laid by scientists years（20）.问题1选项A.casesB.reasonsC.factorsD.situations问题2选项A.ButB.AndC.BesidesD.Even问题3选项A.elseB.nearC.extraD.similar问题4选项A.generatingB.effectiveC.motivatingD.creative问题5选项A.originsB.

17、sourcesC.basesD.discoveries问题6选项A.employedB.createdC.operatedD.controlled问题7选项A.cameB.arrivedC.stemmedD.appeared问题8选项A.lessB.betterC.moreD.worse问题9选项A.genuineB.practicalC.pureD.clever问题10选项A.happilyB.occasionallyC.reluctantlyD.accurately问题11选项A.nowB.andC.allD.so问题12选项A.seldomB.sometimesC.usuallyD.ne

18、ver问题13选项A.planB.useC.ideaD.means问题14选项A.ofB.withC.toD.as问题15选项A.singleB.soleC.specializedD.specific问题16选项A.fewB.thoseC.manyD.all问题17选项A.proposedB.developedC.suppliedD.offered问题18选项A.littleB.muchC.someD.any问题19选项A.asB.ifC.becauseD.while问题20选项A.agoB.pastC.aheadD.before【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B第6题

19、:B第7题:A第8题:C第9题:C第10题:D第11题:D第12题:C第13题:B第14题:A第15题:D第16题:C第17题:B第18题:A第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）名词辨析题。case事例, 案例；reason原因；factor因素；situation形势, 状况。根据原文上述条件是使英国成为工业革命中心的重要因素。（2）考查逻辑连接词。根据上下文：上述条件是使英国成为工业革命中心的重要因素。但是这些远远不够，此处应该填入表转折的连词，所以选项A正确。（3）形容词辨析题。else意为“其他, 别的”；extra意为“额外的, 外加的”。文中表达的是“也需要其他条件”, 而不是“

20、额外条件”, 所以选A。（4）形容词辨析题。根据下一句, 他们能够发明机器, 说明人类是具有创造性的个体, 选项D正确。（5）名词辨析题。origin“起因, 由来”；sources“来源, 根源”；base“基础”；discovery“发现”。根据原文, 找到新的权力来源符合逻辑。（6）上下文推断题。根据上句的“invent machines”以及下文的“inventors”可知这里应选create。句意：这些人发明了工业革命的机器。选项B正确。（7）动词辨析题。come from“出自, 来自”, 与后面background搭配,意为“出于背景”。stem from意为“起源于”；选项B、

21、C不与from搭配。所以选项A正确。（8）考查固定搭配。morethan是固定搭配, 意为“与其说不如”。句意：“与其说他们是科学家,不如说是发明家”。（9）形容词辨析题。genuine“真正的”, practical“实际的”, pure“纯粹的, 单纯的”, clever“聪明的”。句意：“一个纯粹的科学家主要致力于精确地进行科学研究。”（10）副词辨析题。happily快乐地；occasionally间或, 偶尔；reluctantly不情愿地；accurately精确地。原文指科学家致力于精确地进行科学研究。选项D符合原文。（11）考查固定搭配。so that是固定搭配, 表目的。原文

22、指：他并不一定是为了利用他的发现而工作。所以选项D正确。（12）副词辨析题。句意:“一个投资者或热衷于应用科学的人通常试图创造有使用价值的东西。” 选项C符合原文。（13）上下文推断题。根据下文“solve a problem by using the theories”可推测，这里指：做一些实用的东西，所以选项B正确。（14）介词辨析题。theories of science指“科学的理论”。句意：他可能试图用科学的理论或通过反复试验来解决问题。选项A符合句意。（15）形容词辨析题。single“单独的,一个人”；sole“独有的, 单一的”；specialized“专门的”;specifi

23、c“明确的”。根据句意：“他为了明确的结果而工作”。选项D正确。（16）上下文推断题。根据原文句意：他为了明确的结果而工作，收割机的建设，灯泡的燃烧，或许多其他目的之一。这里指“许多其他目的中的一个”。所以选项C符合原文。（17）动词辨析题。develop除了发展, 还有“研制、开发”的意思, 句意：工业革命中发明机器的大多数人都是发明家，而不是训练有素的科学家。选项B符合原文。（18）上下文推断题。根据下文的“no training”可知填空处也应该填入否定意义的词, 只有little符合题意。（19）考查逻辑连接词。句意：“ 没有科学家早年打下的基础, 那些在科学上接受过很少或没有接受过教

24、育的人就不可能有所发明创造”。if“如果, 假使”符合原文, 表示虚拟。（20）副词辨析题。ago只与一般过去时连用, 表示从现在角度看过去的某一时间；before用于过去完成时, 表示过去某个时间以前发生的动作。这里指多年以前，且时态为过去完成时，所以选项D正确。5. 单选题Reading to oneself is a modern activity that was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term

25、 “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical deve

26、lopment of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potentia

27、l listeners declined, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. Reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places like libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause dist

28、raction to other readers.Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with u

29、s still in education. However, whatever its virtues were, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership on the other.By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt atti

30、tudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term “reading” implied.1.Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?2.The dev

31、elopment of silent reading during the nineteenth century indicated （）3.Educationalists are still arguing about （）4.The emergence of the mass media and of specialized periodicals showed that （）5.What is the writers purpose in writing this passage?问题1选项A.Silent reading had not been discovered.B.There

32、were few places available for private reading.C.Few people could read for themselves.D.People relied on reading for entertainment.问题2选项A.a change in the status of literate peopleB.a change in the nature of readingC.an increase in the number of booksD.an increase in the average age of readers问题3选项A.t

33、he importance of silent readingB.the amount of information yielded by books and newspapersC.the effects of reading on healthD.the value of different types of reading material问题4选项A.standards of literacy had declinedB.printing techniques had improvedC.readers interests had diversifiedD.educationalist

34、s attitudes had changed问题5选项A.To explain how present-day reading habits developed.B.To change peoples attitudes toward reading.C.To show how reading methods have improved.D.To encourage the growth of reading【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的一二句“The last century .to read aloud.”随着人们读写能力的

35、提升, 读者人数的増加以及听众的数量减少, 所以对大声朗读的需求有所减少。由此推断19世纪以前是因为很少有人能够自己阅读, 所以大声朗读很普遍。选项C符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“Examination of factors.because the tasks themselves changed in character.”可知, 19世纪无声阅读的发展说明阅读的本质发生了改变, 选项B正确。3.细节事实题。根据第三段的第一句“there was still considerable.mentally weakening.”关于书籍是否应被用于提供信息或受到尊重, 以及诸如报

36、纸之类的阅读材料是否在某种程度上削弱了人们的精神, 仍有相当多的争论。由此推断, 选项D符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后一句“the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership on the other.”旧的共享知识文化已经消失, 一方面取而代之的是印刷的大众传媒, 另一方面是专门的书籍和期刊阅读。由此推断, 读者的兴趣越

37、来越多样化, 所以选C。5.作者意图题。全文主要讲述reading（阅读）的变化及发展, 这一发展变化说明读书习惯的形成过程及原因, 所以选项A正确。6. 单选题The bank manager asked his assistant if it was possible for him to（）the investment plan within a week.问题1选项A.work outB.put outC.make outD.set out【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。work out解决,算出，制定出；put out熄灭；make out理解,辨认出；set out出发,开始。句意：

38、银行经理问他的助理能否在一周内制定出投资计划。选项A符合句意。7. 单选题The returns in the short（）may be small, but over a number of years the investment will be well repaid.问题1选项A.intervalB.rangeC.spanD.term【答案】D【解析】in the short term为固定搭配,意为“在短 期内”。interval, span也可以表示一段时间,但不能与in the short搭配, range表示范围。所以选项D正确。8. 单选题Life insurance is

39、 financial protection for dependents against loss（）the breadwinners death.问题1选项A.at the cost ofB.on the verge ofC.as a result ofD.for the sake【答案】C【解析】短语辨析。at the cost of以为代价；on the verge of接近于,源临于；as a result of因为,由于；for the sake of为了的缘故。句意：人寿保险可以在养家糊口的人死后,为抚养其家属提供经济保障。选项C符合句意。9. 单选题If you drive a

40、motorcar to the danger of the public, you may make yourself（）a heavy fine.问题1选项A.liable toB.acquainted withC.alert toD.relevant to【答案】A【解析】liable to容易；acquainted with熟悉,了解,与.相识；alert to警告；relevant to与.有关的,相应的。句意：如果你驾驶一辆汽车对大众造成了危害,你有可能会受到重罚。选项A符合句意。10. 单选题He rushed into the house and saved the boy ou

41、t,（）the intense fire.问题1选项A.irrespective ofB.instead ofC.in front ofD.in case of【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。irrespective of不顾；instead of代替；in front of在前面；in case of假如。句意：他不顾大火,冲进屋里把男孩救了出来。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题It is true that as a social organization moves from the simple to the complex, so does the organization throug

42、h which it educates its children. Growth and change are vital if education is to meet new needs and demands. In a very simple social order, it may suffice to have the parents carry on the education of their children. However, as will be shown later in more detail, such a method may become entirely u

43、ntenable（难 维持的）, and special individuals are entrusted with the task. These may be hired privately first, but soon the social group, the church, village, and the like will be responsible for education. Eventually, special training is required for those who do the teaching, and an agency to control t

44、his training is needed. Thus the influence of the local government unit, such as the town, township, and later the state or the province, becomes necessary. It was generally considered simpler to use as a unit the already existing local unit.1.The closest restatement of the first sentence is（）2.The

45、writer would probably argue for（）3.According to the passage, the reason why the local government unit becomes influential is that （）4.The author promises to explain（）5.We may infer from the context that the phrase “the task” in Line 6 refers to （）问题1选项A.the more complex a social organization becomes

46、, the more complex the educational system becomesB.the complexity of a social organization depends on the complexity of the educational systemC.social organizations are truly as complex as they need to be for educational purposesD.our society must be complex if we want our education system to serve

47、our childrens educational requirements问题2选项A.more parental influence in educationB.an educational system which takes social complexity into accountC.strict state control of educationD.more special training for teachers问题3选项A.teachers become too powerfulB.enrollment increasesC.a need arises to contro

48、l the education of teachersD.the church or village lacks the ability to oversee education问题4选项A.the necessity of the local governmental unitB.why it is simpler to use the government to control educationC.the responsibility of the social groupD.why parents should not teach their children问题5选项A.the ed

49、ucation of childrenB.the training of teachersC.the control of educationD.the influence of the local government unit【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。原文第一句话的意思是：当一个社会组织从简单走向复杂时, 它教育孩子的组织也会从简单走向复杂。也就是说社会组织越复杂, 教育系统就越复杂。选项A更符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据本文的第一句话可知, 作者强调的是社会复杂性对教育的影响, 所以教育系统应该考虑到社会复杂性, 选项B符合原文。选

50、项A表述错误, 选项C和D不是作者主要讨论的话题。3.判断推理题。根据本文的倒数二三句的内容“special training is required. becomes necessary.”那些从事教学的人需要特殊的培训, 需要一个机构来控制这种培训。因此, 地方政府单位的影响是必要的。也就是说地方政府单位具有影响力的原因是需要对教师的教育进行控制。选项C符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据原文的最后一句“It was generally considered simpler to use as a unit the already existing local unit.”可以推断作者接下来应该

51、会解释：为什么借用当地（政府）的力量会更简单。选项B正确。5.判断推理题。根据原文的内容, （仅仅由父母来教育孩子）这一方法可能会难以维持下去, 专业人员将会处理这一任务。由此推断, 这个任务即上文提到的对孩子的教育, 选项A正确。12. 单选题According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically（） to construct a pioneering space colony, powered by solar energy.问题1选项A.practicalB.flexibleC.feasibleD.benef

52、icial【答案】C【解析】practical现实的, 实际的；flexible灵活的；feasible可行的；beneficial有好处的。句意：据越来越多的专家表示, 建立首个使用太阳能的太空殖民地在技术方面是可行的。选项C符合句意。13. 单选题As the old man lay dying he kept（）the experiences of his boyhood in Africa.问题1选项A.complaining ofB.entering intoC.rambling aboutD.turning up【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。complain of抱怨；enter

53、into进入；ramble about漫步于，闲逛；turn up出现、发生。句意：老人在称留之际，思绪一直漫游在他美好童年时代的非洲生活经历当中。选项C符合句意。14. 单选题Love and friendship have much（1）. If two persons are to be（2）, they must find contentment in each others（3）, suffer pain in each others failure, and（4）pleasure in each others success. Each must find（5）the mood a

54、nd temperament of the other something（6）and congenial. But any deep and permanent friendshipa larger common area than romantic love. Notoriously, the prince may fall in love with the chorus girl when the two have almost（8）in common. But friendships are based（9）, on common interests in a project, an

55、art, or a cause; one thinks of Marks and Engels, Cobden and Bright, Gilbert and Sullivan, the Mayo brothers, Weber and Fields.Still, common interests by themselves will not（10）friendship and many co-workers have been（11）and enemies.（12）about values, about things, admired and liked and（14）. It is not

56、（15）if, whenever we grow enthusiastic about dancing or music or flying or science, our companion can only say, “Sorry, but I（16）all that detestable.”（17）of the blessings of friendship is that it supplies a sounding-board which,（18）our own delights, makes them greater. And by a happy correlative law,

57、 sorrows when shared grow less. Friends（19）each other like the sides of an arch; they gain（20）, security, reassurance in failure, added happiness in success, and a large increment of courage merely from facing things side by side.问题1选项A.in commonB.differencesC.differentiationsD.to learn问题2选项A.profes

58、sorsB.friendsC.studentsD.competitors问题3选项A.attitudeB.personalityC.companyD.emergency问题4选项A.makeB.rakeC.fakeD.take问题5选项A.forB.inC.atD.on问题6选项A.strangeB.exclusiveC.destructiveD.attractive问题7选项A.calls forB.calls onC.calls offD.calls down问题8选项A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.everything问题9选项A.as a ruleB.b

59、y ruleC.to a ruleD.with a rule问题10选项A.guardB.guaranteeC.growD.grease问题11选项A.rivalsB.collaboratorsC.dedicatorsD.keepers问题12选项A.AB.NoC.FullD.Few问题13选项A.face to faceB.from mouth to mouthC.eye to eyeD.nose to nose问题14选项A.dislikingB.dislikedC.to dislikeD.dislike问题15选项A.featuredB.featheredC.furtheredD.fettered问题16选项A.locateB.provideC.findD.sustain问题17选项A.AnyB.SomeC.NoneD.One问题18选项A.in echoingB.in writingC.in drawingD.in making问题19选项A.produceB.fortifyC.yieldD.abuse问题20选项A.irritationB