2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷22

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1、2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.问题1选项A.They work in different fields of AI technology.B.They disagree about the future of AI technology.C.They differ greatly in their knowledge of modern technology.D.They are both worried abo

2、ut the negative impact of technology.问题2选项A.Simply writing AI software.B.Stimulating and motivating.C.Less time-consuming and focusing on creation.D.More demanding and requiring special training.问题3选项A.There could be jobs nobody wants to do.B.Digital life could replace human civilization.C.Humans wo

3、uld be tired of communicating with one another.D.Old people would be taken care of solely by unfeeling robots.问题4选项A.Life will become like a science fiction film.B.It will take away humans jobs altogether.C.Chips will be inserted in human brains.D.It will be smarter than human beings.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第

4、3题:B第4题:D【解析】Conversation TwoW: 5 How do you feel about the future of artificial intelligence? Personally, I feel quite optimistic about it.M: 5 AI? Im not so optimistic actually. In fact, its something we should be concerned about.W: Well, it will help us humans understand ourselves better, and whe

5、n we have a better understanding of ourselves, we can improve the world.M: Well, one thing is for sure, technology is evolving faster than our ability to understand it, and in the future AI will make jobs kind of pointless.W: 6 I think artificial intelligence will actually help create new kinds of j

6、obs which would require less of our time and allow us to be centered on creative tasks.M: I doubt that very much. Probably the last job that will remain would be writing AI software. And then eventually, AI will just write its own software.W: At that time, were going to have a lot of jobs which nobo

7、dy will want to do, so well need artificial intelligence for the robots to take care of the old guys like us.M: I dont know. 7 Theres a risk that human civilization could be replaced by a superior type of digital life. AI will be able to completely simulate a person in every way possible. In fact, s

8、ome people think were in a simulation, right now.W: Thats impossible. Humans cant even make a mosquito. Computers only have chips. People have brains, and thats where the wisdom comes from.M: Once its fully developed, AI will become tired of trying to communicate with humans, as we would be much slo

9、wer thinkers in comparison.W: Im not so sure. A computer is a computer, and a computer is just a toy.M: 8 Computers can easily communicate incredibly fast, so the computer will just get impatient talking to humans. Itll be barely getting any information out.W: Well, I believe theres a benevolent fut

10、ure with AI. I also think you watch too many science fiction films.5. What do we learn about the speakers from the conversation?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问从对话中我们可以了解到关于说话人的哪些信息？根据录音原文可知，男士和女士就人工智能的未来展开讨论，并且双方持不同的观点，女士持乐观的态度，男士则与之相反，并且表示担忧。由此可知，B选项“他们对人工智能技术的未来意见不一”正确。A选项“他们都在人工智能技术的不同领域工作”这一信息在录音中没有信息提及；C选项“他们

11、在现代技术方面的认识差别很大”，表述过于宽泛，录音中只提到人工智能领域，并没有涉及其他现代技术，因此C选项不正确；D选项“他们都担心技术的负面影响”，录音中只有男士对此是担忧的，女士是持乐观的态度，因此，D选项不正确。6. What will new kinds of jobs be like, according to the woman?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问根据女士的说法，新型的工作会是什么样的？女士认为人工智能将有助于创造新型的工作，这些工作将占用人们更少的时间，让人们集中精力去做创造性的工作，C选项“花费的时间更少且专注于创造”与录音原文的意思表述一致，因此正确。A选项“仅

12、仅需要编写人工智能软件”不属于女士的观点，因此排除；B选项“有趣又能激励人心的”和 D选项“要求更高且需要特殊培训的”在录音原文中均未提及，因此排除。7. What is the risk the man anticipates?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问男士预期会出现的风险是什么？女士提出未来会出现很多没人愿意做的工作，所以需要人工智能机器人来帮我们做。对于这一点，男士表示怀疑，认为这样的话，人类文明可能会被一种先进的数字生活方式所取代，B选项“数字生活可能会取代人类文明”是对录音原文的转述，因此正确。A选项“可能会有没人愿意做的工作”是女士提出的观点，与男士无关，因此排除；C选项“人

13、类会厌倦彼此交流”，录音中说的是，一旦人工智能发展完善，将会厌倦与人类交流，并不是人类厌倦彼此交流，属于偷换概念。D选项“老年人将只能由没有感情的机器人来照顾”，录音中女士说的是：我们需要人工智能让机器人来照顾我们这些年老的人，选项意思与录音原文不符，并且不属于男士的看法，因此也可排除。8. What is the mans concern about AI technology?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问男士对人工智能技术有什么顾虑？在对话的最后，男士说道，计算机很容易就能以惊人的速度进行通信，所以未来计算机与人类交流时，只会失去耐心，这样的话，人类几乎不可能从中获取任何信息。由此可知

14、，男士认为以计算机为依托的人工智能可能在未来超越人类的智慧，没有耐心与人类交流，D选项“它将比人类更聪明”是对录音原文的概括，因此正确。A选项“生活会变得像科幻电影”利用录音最后的science fiction film设置干扰，与原文表述不符，因此排除；B选项“它将彻底夺走人类的工作”，虽然在原文中能找到相关信息，但这只是表面信息，男士的顾虑归根结底还是因为人工智能的发展可能会超越人类的智慧，因此B选项不准确；C选项“人类的大脑将会被植入芯片”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。2. 单选题The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns

15、, and of training and retraining schemes,（ ） more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.问题1选项A.have allowedB.allowC.allowingD.allows【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致。通过分析句子，可知句子缺少的是谓语动词，主语是the growth，谓语动词应该用单数，选项D符合题意。3. 单选题Please （ ） from smoking until the aeroplane is airborne.问题1选项A.refrainB.preventC

16、.resistD.restrain【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。refrain from克制，抑制，忍住；prevent from阻止，制止；resist一般与to搭配，意为“抵抗，反抗”；restrain的用法为restrain sb. from doing sth.,意为“阻止某人做某事”。这里指克制住抽烟的冲动，所以选项A符合语境。4. 单选题It had happened Atoo often that the farmers sold their wheat soon after harvest when farm debts were coming due, Bonly to s

17、ee prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions,producer groups Casked firmer control,but the government had no wish to become involved,Dat least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to run wild.问题1选项A.too oftenB.only to seeC.asked firmer controlD.at least not until【答案】

18、C【解析】考查固定搭配。C选项处应表示“要求更严格的控制”，而只有ask for才表示“要求，请求”。应将asked 改为asked for。5. 单选题Their reflexive mindset tells scientists that all claims, （ ）political, moral, or religious, are open to examination and critique.问题1选项A.be theyB.however they areC.no matter they areD.whether they be【答案】A【解析】语法知识题。本题考查让步状语从

19、句。whether和no matter都可以引导。选项C不能和or 搭配，选项D为虚拟语气，选项A符合题意。6. 单选题Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.It has started to expand business outside the UK.B.It has imported some exotic foods from overseas.C.It has turned certain insects into a new food source.D.It has joined

20、 hands with Sainsburys to sell pet insects.问题2选项A.It made him feel strange. C. It hurt his throat slightly.B.C. It hurt his throat slightly. B.C.It hurt his throat slightly. B. It was really unforgettable.D.It was a pleasant surprise.问题3选项A.They contain more protein than conventional meats.B.They wi

21、ll soon gain popularity throughout the world.C.They are more tasty than beef, chicken or pork.D.They are more nutritious than soups and salads.问题4选项A.It is a promising industry.B.It requires new technology.C.It is environmentally friendly.D.It saves huge amounts of labour.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C【解析

22、】Passage Two12 Eat Grub is Britains first new food company that breaks western food boundaries by introducing edible insects as a new source of food. And Sainsburys is the first UK supermarket to stock the company crunchy roasted crickets.Sainsburys insists that such food is no joke and could be a n

23、ew, sustainable source of protein. Out of curiosity, I paid a visit to Sainsburys. As I put my hand into a packet of crickets with their tiny eyes and legs, the idea of one going in my mouth made me feel a little sick. 13 But the first bite was a pleasant surprise. A little dry and lacking of taste,

24、 but at least a wing didnt get stuck in my throat. The roasted seasoning largely overpowered any other flavour although there was slightly bitter aftertaste. The texture was crunchy, but smelt a little of cat food. Eat Grub also recommends the crickets as a topping for noodles, soups and salads.14 T

25、he company boasts that its dried crickets contain more protein than beef, chicken and pork, as well as minerals like iron and calcium. Unlike the production of meat, bugs do not use up large amounts of land, water or feed, and 15 insect farming also produces far fewer greenhouse gases. However, desp

26、ite two billion people worldwide already supplementing their diet with insects, “consumer disgust” remains a large barrier in many western countries. Im not sure bugs will become a popular snack anytime soon, but theyre definitely food for thought.12. What do we learn from the passage about the food

27、 company Eat Grub?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问我们从这篇关于食品公司Eat Grub的文章中能得知什么？录音开头提到，Eat Grub引入食用昆虫作为新的食物来源，打破了西方食品的界限，由此可知C选项“它把某些昆虫变成了一种新的食物来源”正确。A选项“它已经开始扩展英国以外的业务”和B选项“从国外进口了一些异国食品”在录音中没有信息提及。D选项“它与Sainsburys联手出售宠物昆虫”主要是利用录音的Sainsburys设干扰，录音只是提到Sainsburys是英国第一家上货Eat Grub脆烤蟋蟀的超市，没有说它与Eat Grub联手，也未说到宠物昆虫，因此D选项不正

28、确。13. What does the speaker say about his first bite a roasted crickets?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问说话者对于他第一次咬烤蟋蟀说了什么？录音提到，第一口吃起来很惊喜，因此D选项“这是一个惊喜”符合录音原文。A选项“这让他觉得很奇怪”利用录音中的made me feel设干扰，录音中说的是一想到有只蟋蟀会进到嘴里，就觉得有点恶心，而不是奇怪，因此A选项不正确；B选项“真的很难忘”在录音中没有提及；C选项“他的喉咙有点痛”利用录音中的throat设干扰，录音中说的是至少蟋蟀的翼没卡在说话人的喉咙里，并没有提到喉咙痛，因此不

29、正确。14. What does Eat Grub say about its dried crickets?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问的是对于蟋蟀干，Eat Grub怎么说？录音提到，该公司夸口说他们的蟋蟀干比牛肉、鸡肉和猪肉含有更多的蛋白质。牛肉、鸡肉和猪肉都属于传统肉类，因此A选项“它们比传统肉类含有更多的蛋白质”正确。B选项“它们很快就会在全世界流行起来”和C选项“它们比牛肉、鸡肉或猪肉好吃”在录音中均没有提及；D选项“它们比汤和沙拉更有营养”，利用录音中的soups and salads设干扰，录音只是说Eat Grub还推荐蟋蟀作为面条、汤和沙拉的配料，并未指出哪个更有营养，

30、因此D选项不正确。15. What does the passage say about insect farming?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于昆虫养殖，这篇文章的说法是什么？录音提到，昆虫养殖产生的温室气体少很多，由此可推断，昆虫养殖很环保，因此C选项“环保”正确。A选项“这是一个很有前途的行业”，录音结尾提到，尽管全世界有20亿人把昆虫作为补充的食物，但在很多西方国家，目前还有很大的阻碍。之后还提到，不确定虫子是否会成为一种受欢迎的零食，由此可推断昆虫养殖的前景并不是很乐观，因此A选项不正确；B选项“需要新技术”和D选项“节省大量劳动力”在录音中没有信息提及。7. 单选题Hum

31、ans are _, whichenables them to make decisions even when they cantjustifywhy.问题1选项A.rationalB.reasonableC.hesitantD.intuitive【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。rational“合理的；理智的”；reasonable “公道的，通情达理的”；hesitant “迟疑的，犹豫不定的”；intuitive “直觉的，凭直觉获知的”。句意：人类是有直觉的，这让他们在找不到合适的理由时也能做决定。因此选项D符合题意。8. 单选题She walked round to the（ ）

32、of the car and stood silently while he undid the boot and picked up her bag.问题1选项A.reamB.ranchC.rearD.realm【答案】C【解析】考察形近词辨析。ream “令（纸张的计数单位），大量”；ranch “大农场，大牧场”；rear “后面，屁股，后方部队”；realm “领域，范围，王国”。句意：她围绕着车后方走 。选项C符合句意。9. 单选题She is most frugal in matters of business, but in her private life she reveal

33、s a streak of （prodigality）.问题1选项A.antipathyB.wastefulnessC.virtuosityD.equanimity【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：她在生意上极其节俭，但在私生活上却挥霍无度。A选项antipathy“反感，厌恶”；B选项wastefulness“浪费，挥霍无度”；C选项virtuosity“精湛技巧”；D选项equanimity“平静，镇定”。根据句意可知，prodigality和frugal意思相反，prodigality意为“浪费，慷慨”，选项B与之意思相近，代入符合语境。10. 单选题Questions 1 to 4

34、 are based on the conversation you have just heard.问题1选项A.It focuses on the efforts countries can make to deal with global warming.B.It links the science of climate change to economic and policy issues.C.It studies the impacts of global climate change on peoples lives.D.It tries to predict the possi

35、ble trends of global climate change.问题2选项A.It would be more costly to deal with its consequences than to avoid it.B.It will take a long time before a consensus is reached on its impact.C.It is the most pressing issue confronting all countries.D.It is bound to cause endless disputes among nations.问题3

36、选项A.The raising of peoples awareness.B.The signing of a global agreement.C.The cooperation among world major powers.D.The transition to low-carbon energy systems.问题4选项A.Plan well in advance.B.Adopt new technology.C.Carry out more research on it.D.Cut down energy consumption.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A【

37、解析】Conversation OneW: Professor Henderson, could you give us a brief overview of what you do, where you work and your main area of research?M: 1 Well, the Center for Climate Research where I work links the science of climate change to issues around economics and policy. Some of our research is to do

38、 with the likely impacts of climate change and all of the associated risks.W: And how strong is the evidence that climate change is happening that is really something we need to be worried about?M: Well, most of the science of climate change, particularly that to do with global warming, is simply fa

39、ct. But other aspects of the science are less certain, or at least more disputed. And so we are really talking about risk, 2 What the economics tells us is that its probably cheaper to avoid climate change to avoid the risk than it is to deal with the likely consequences.W: So what are we doing? Wha

40、t can we do about it?M: Well, I would argue that we need to develop the science specifically to understand the likely impacts of climate change in different contexts. As I said, we need to understand the best ways of avoiding climate change. 3 And this will involve a huge transition to low-carbon en

41、ergy systems. And the transition is a tremendous priority. And for this to happen, we may need action on a global scale. From a political perspective, we need to understand the terms on which major countries like China and the USA might sign up to a global agreement because at the moment we dont hav

42、e that consensus.W: RightM: 4 And we also need to plan ahead so that were in a position to deal with the likely levels of climate change which are already inevitable, and even more so too for the levels that are likely if we dont get those global agreements.1. What does Professor Henderson say about

43、 his main area of research?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问关于他的主要研究领域，亨德森教授说了些什么？对话开头，女士开门见山地问亨德森教授其主要的研究领域是什么。亨德森教授回答说他在气候研究中心工作，该中心主要是把一些有关经济和政策的问题与气候变化这门科学联系起来。B选项“它将气候变化的科学与经济和政策问题联系起来”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它着重于各国应对全球变暖所能做出的努力”，录音最后只是提到亨德森教授希望主要国家能签署全球协议，但没有提到他的研究致力于让所有国家一起应对全球变暖，因此A选项可排除；C选项“研究全球气候变化对人们生活的影响”，录音提

44、到这只是他们的部分研究，并不是主要研究范围，因此C选项不正确；D选项“预测全球气候变化可能发生的趋势”在录音中没有提及。2. What does Professor Henderson say about climate change?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问关于气候变化，亨德森教授说了什么？录音中，亨德森教授提到，经济学告诉我们：比起应对气候变化可能带来的最终后果，我们预防气候变化所花的代价要更少。A选项“处理气候变化的后果将比避免气候变化的代价更大”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。B选项“需要很长时间才能就其影响达成共识”，录音只是提到主要国家在如何共同应对气候变化的方面还没有达成共

45、识，并没有提及达成共识仍需一段时间，因此排除B选项；C选项“对于所有国家来说，气候变化是最紧迫的一个议题”在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“气候变化肯定会在各国之间带来无穷的争议”利用录音中出现的disputed一词作干扰，亨德森教授说的是在气候变化这门科学上，除全球变暖外，其他方面还存在争议，并不是说会在各国之间带来争议，因此D选项不正确。3. What does Professor Henderson say is a top priority in combating climate change?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问亨德森教授认为应对气候变化的首要任务是什么？录音提到，亨德森教

46、授认为我们需了解避免气候变化的最佳方法，这涉及向低碳能源系统转换的问题，而我们应该优先解决这一问题。因此D选项“向低碳能源系统的过渡”正确。A选项“提高人们的意识”和C选项“世界主要国家之间合作”在录音中均没有信息提及；B选项“全球协议的签署”在录音中虽然有所提及，但不是应对气候变化的首要任务，因此B选项可排除。4. What does Professor Henderson advise us to do to better deal with climate change?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问为了更好地应对气候变化，亨德森教授建议我们做些什么？录音最后亨德森教授提到，为应对全球

47、变化可能带来的影响，我们需要提前做好准备。A选项“提前做好准备”中的in advance是录音中ahead的同义替换，因此正确。B选项“采用新科技”；C选项“开展更多研究”和D选项“降低能耗”在录音中均未提及，因此可排除。11. 单选题Most public places are simply not（ ）to the needs of people with physical handicap.问题1选项A.desertedB.dwelledC.motivatedD.geared【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。desert “抛弃，遗弃”；dwell “居住，存在”；motivate “使产

48、生动机，激发的积极性”；gear “适合；装上齿轮”。句意：大部分公共场所无法满足身体有缺陷的人的需求。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题To say that his resignation was a shock would be an（ ） it caused panic.问题1选项A.excuseB.indulgenceC.exaggerationD.understatement【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。excuse “借口”；indulgence “放纵”；exaggeration “夸张”；understatement “不充分的陈述”。句意： “他的请辞让人震惊”这个说法算是轻

49、描淡写，实际上引起了恐慌。选项D符合题意。13. 单选题Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.The history of social work.B.Social work as a profession.C.Academic degrees required of social work applicants.D.The aim of the National Association of Social Workers.问题2选项A.They try to change people

50、s social behavior.B.They raise peoples awareness of environment.C.They create a lot of opportunities for the unemployed.D.They help enhance the well-being of the underprivileged.21.问题3选项A.They have all made a difference through their work.B.They are all members of the National Association.C.They all

51、 have an academic degree in social work.D.They have all received strict clinical training.22.问题4选项A.Social works, job options and responsibilities.B.Ways for social workers to meet peoples needs.C.The importance of training for social workers.D.The promotion of social workers social status.【答案】第1题:B

52、第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A【解析】Recording TwoHi, Im Elizabeth Hoffler, Master of Social Work. Im a social worker, a lobbyist and a special assistant to the Executive Director at the National Association of Social Workers. 19 Today we are going to be talking about becoming a social worker. Social work is the help

53、ing profession. 20 Its primary mission is to enhance human well-being and help meet the basic needs of all people, with a particular focus on those who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty. We often deal with complex human needs. Social work is different from other professions, because w

54、e focus on the person and environment. We deal with the external factors that impact a persons situation and outlook. And we create opportunity for assessment and intervention to help clients and communities cope effectively with their reality and change that reality when necessary. In thousands of

55、ways social workers help other peoplepeople from every age, every background, across the country. Wherever needed, social workers come to help. The most well-known aspect of the profession is that of a social safety net. We help guide people to critical resources and counsel them on life-changing de

56、cisions. There are more than six hundred thousand professional social workers in the country, and 21 we all either have a bachelors degree, a masters degree, or a PhD in social work. There are more clinically-trained social workers than clinically-trained psychiatrists, psychologists and psychiatric

57、 nurses combined.Throughout this series, you will learn more about the profession, the necessary steps to get a social work degree, the rich history of social work and many ways that social workers help others. Later in this series, youll hear from Stacy Collins and Mel Wilson, fellow social workers

58、 at the National Association of Social Workers. Stacy is going to walk you through the step-by-step process of becoming a social worker, and 22 Mel will tell you about the range of options you have once you get your social work degree, as well as the high standards of responsibility that social work

59、ers must adhere to. The National Association of Social Workers represents nearly 145,000 social workers across the country. Our mission is to promote, protect and advance the social work profession. We hope you enjoy this series about how you can make a difference by becoming a social worker. Next,

60、we are going to talk about choosing social work.19. What does the speaker mainly talk about?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问说话者主要谈论的是什么？录音开头就提及：今天我们将讨论如何成为一名社会工作者。社会工作是助人的职业。B选项“作为一种职业的社会工作”与原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“社会工作的历史”在录音中并没有信息提及；C选项“社会工作申请人所需的学历”和D选项“全国社会工作者协会的目标”，虽然在原文中均有所涉及，但并不是谈话人主要谈论的话题，因此均可排除。20. What do social

61、workers mainly do?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问社工主要是做什么？说话者在介绍完主题之后，立马讲到：社工的主要任务是增进人类福祉，帮助满足所有人的基本需求，特别关注弱势群体以及受压迫和生活贫困的人。D选项“他们帮助提高弱势群体的福祉”符合原文表述，因此正确。A选项“他们试图改变人们的社会行为”；B选项“他们提高人们的环境意识”和C选项“他们为失业者创造很多机会”都不是他们主要做的事情，因此排除。21. What do professional social workers have in common according to the speaker?【试题答案】C【试题解

62、析】题目问根据说话者，专业社会工作者有什么共同点？录音提到全国有60多万的专业社会工作者，他们都有社会工作的学士学位、硕士学位或者博士学位。也就是说，专业社会工作者的共同点是都有社会工作的学位， 因此C选项“他们都有社会工作学位”正确。A选项“通过工作他们已大不相同”和D选项“他们都接受过严格的临床培训”是利用录音中的make a difference和clinically-trained设置的干扰项；B选项“他们都是国家协会的成员”在录音中并未提及，因此排除。22. What is Mel Wilson going to talk about in the series?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问Mel Wilson将在这个系列中谈论什么？录音的后半部分提到，稍后在本系列，Mel Wilson将会讲述在拿到社会工作的学位之后的择业范围，以及社会工作者必须坚守的高标准的责任。A选项“社工的工作选择和责任”是对录音原文的概括，因此正确。B选项“社会工作者满足人们需要的方式”；C选项“对社会工作者而言培训的重要性”以及D选项“社会工作者社会地位的提升”均不是Mel Wilson在本系列要讨论的内容，因此排除。14. 单选题The problem is inherent and（ ）in any