2022年考博英语-西北大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷4

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1、2022年考博英语-西北大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题These are signs that the presidency will attempt to put environmental issues on high its （ ）.问题1选项A.legislationB.trendC.mainstreamD.agenda【答案】D【解析】legislation 立法，法律；trend 趋势，倾向；mainstream 主流；agenda 议程，日程表。句意：这些迹象表明，总统将试图把环境问题提上议程。选项D符合句意。2. 单选题（ ）as only a secon

2、d-rate Impressionist painter, Pisarro has recently received high praise from art critics.问题1选项A.He was long regardedB.Long was he regardedC.Long regardedD.Being long regarded【答案】C【解析】考查分词做状语。再由这里事情的发生有先后顺序知使用一般 过去式的C项正确；D项的被动式现在分词表原因，所以不正确。句意：长期以来，Pisarro一直被认为是二流印象派画家，最近他受到了艺术评论家的高度赞扬。3. 单选题Lets put

3、 an end to this unnecessary and （ ）destruction of our environment.问题1选项A.wantonB.illiterateC.decisiveD.competitive【答案】A【解析】wanton荒唐的，无节制的；illiterate文盲的，不识字的；decisive决定性的，果断的；competitive竞争的，比赛的。句意：让我们停止对环境不必要的以及无节制的破坏。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题The black clouds of gathering thunderstorm look quite （ ）.问题1选项A.omin

4、ousB.negligibleC.overcastD.obscure【答案】A【解析】ominous 预兆的，不吉利的；negligible 微不足道的，可忽略的；overcast 愁闷的，阴暗的；obscure 昏暗的， 晦涩的，不清楚的。句意：乌云密布的雷暴看起来很不吉利。选项A更符合语境。5. 单选题Many doctors are still general practitioners, but the （ ）is toward specialization in medicine.问题1选项A.rumorB.prejudiceC.tendencyD.security【答案】C【解析】

5、rumor 谣言，传闻；prejudice 偏见，侵害；tendency倾向，趋势，癖好；security 安全，保证。句意：尽管许多医生仍然是普通的实习生，但在医学上倾向于专门化。选项C符合句意。6. 单选题In mountainous regions, much of the snow that falls is compacted into ice.问题1选项A.broken downB.embeddedC.compiledD.compressed【答案】D【解析】句意：在山区，大部分降雪被压成冰。compacted意为压实，压紧。broken down打破，折断；embedded嵌入，

6、植入；compiled编辑；compressed 压紧，压缩。选项D与之意思相近。7. 单选题The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War.问题1选项A.demandedB.elicitedC.expeditedD.defied【答案】D【解析】句意：查尔斯顿附近的萨姆特堡遭袭激起了北方的强烈反应，导致了美国内战。provoked意为“激起，挑衅”。demanded强烈要求，需要；elicited抽出，

7、引出；expedited加快，促进，发出；defied藐视，反抗，挑衅。选项D与之意思相近。8. 单选题A kiln is a type of oven in which clay is （ ）so that it hardens into a form of ceramic material.问题1选项A.repairedB.bakedC.meltedD.lightened【答案】B【解析】repair 修理，修补；bake 烤，烘焙；melt 使融化，使软化；lighten 使照亮，使轻松。句意：窑是一种把黏土烧制变硬成为陶瓷材料的炉子。选项B符合语境。9. 单选题In describin

8、g the grandeur and sublimity of this country, the Haitian (海地人)may well enough to adopt the poetic description of their own proud country.问题1选项A.serenityB.splendorC.elegantD.sight【答案】B【解析】句意：在描述这个国家的伟大和庄严时，海地人很乐意接受对他们引以为豪的祖国这样诗意的描述。sublimity意为“庄严，崇高”。serenity 平静，宁静；splendor 壮丽，显赫 ；elegant优美的，讲究的；sig

9、ht 视力，见解。选项B与之意思相近。10. 单选题American university students are expected to abide by the honor system.问题1选项A.supportB.obeyC.understandD.value【答案】B【解析】abide by意为遵守，信守。只有选项B与之意思相近。11. 单选题The Badlands National Park was established in South Dakota to preserve this weirdly beautiful region.问题1选项A.trulyB.stran

10、gelyC.exceedinglyD.impressively【答案】B【解析】句意：荒地国家公园是在南达科塔州建立的，旨在保护这个奇特的美丽地区。weirdly意为“古怪地，奇特地”。truly真实地；strangely奇妙地，不可思议地；exceedingly非常，极其；impressively令人难忘地。选项B与之意思相近。12. 单选题The Americans lost the nuclear weapon monopoly when the Soviets exploded their first atomic bomb.问题1选项A.controlB.businessC.supe

11、riorityD.privilege【答案】A【解析】句意：苏联第一颗原子弹爆炸后，美国失去了核武器的垄断地位。monopoly意为“垄断，专卖”，也就是具有控制权。所以control与之意思相近。13. 单选题Nowadays very few people are willing to be nurses, so I think its extremely important for us to improve the （ ）of the nursing profession.问题1选项A.inquiryB.statusC.financeD.dilemma【答案】B【解析】inquiry探

12、究，调查，质询; status地位，状态， 情形，重要身份；finance 财政，金融；dilemma 困境，进退两难。句意：现在很少有人愿意做护士，所以我认为提高护理专业的身份地位对我们来说是非常重要的。选项B更符合语境。14. 单选题In school examinations certain subjects are optional.问题1选项A.not difficultB.not necessaryC.not to be chosenD.not compulsory【答案】D【解析】optional意为“可选择的，随意的”。not compulsory非强制的，选项D与原句所表达的

13、意思相符。15. 单选题He was raging inside, but he held himself in.问题1选项A.stayed indoorsB.tried hard to forget itC.controlled himselfD.calmed down【答案】C【解析】hold oneself in意为约束，抑制。stayed indoors待在室内；tried hard to forget it 努力忘记；controlled himself 控制自己；calmed down 平静下来，镇定下来。选项C与之意思相近。16. 单选题One never can see the

14、 thing in itself, because the mind does not （ ）phenomena.问题1选项A.transcendB.superiorC.passD.advantage【答案】A【解析】transcend胜过，超越；superior上级的，优 秀的；pass经过，传递；advantage有利于，使处于优势。句意：一个人永远无法看到事物本身，因为思想无法超越现象。选项A符合语境。17. 单选题The town planning commission said that their financial outlook for the next year was op

15、timistic. They expect increased tax （ ）.问题1选项A.efficiencyB.revenuesC.privilegesD.validity【答案】B【解析】efficiency效率，效能，功效；revenue税收收入，收益；privilege特权，优待；validity有效性，正确性。句意：城市规划委员会表示，他们对明年的财政前景持乐观态度。他们期望税收收入增加。选项B符合句意。18. 单选题It has been widely accepted that the size of the universe （ ）our imagination.问题1选项

16、A.transformsB.transfersC.transpiresD.transcends【答案】D【解析】transform改变，转化； transfer转移，移交；transpire蒸发，泄露；transcend胜过，超越。句意：人们普遍认为宇宙的大小超出了我们的想象。选项D符合句意。19. 单选题For several years the lives of the two old ladies continued to revolve in intimate enmity around each other.问题1选项A.companionshipB.hospitalityC.ami

17、abilityD.hostility【答案】D【解析】句意：几年来，这两位老太太的生活一直围绕着彼此的恩怨而转。enmity意为敌意，憎恨。companionship 友谊，伴侣；hospitality 殷勤，好客；amiability 和蔼可亲，友善；hostility 敌意，敌对。选项D与之意思相近。20. 单选题The kids are hanging out. I pass small bands of students, in my way to work these mornings. They have become a familiar part of the summer l

18、andscape. These kids are not old enough for jobs. Nor are they rich enough for camp. They are school children without school. The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago. Once supervised by teachers and principals, they now appear to be in self care.Passing them is like passi

19、ng through a time zone. For much of our history, after all, Americans arranged the school year around the needs of work and family. In 19th-century cities, schools were open seven or eight hours a day, 11 months a year. In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 p

20、ercent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as if our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off to work the crops. Now, three-quarters of the mothers of school-age children work, but the calendar is written as if they were home waiting f

21、or the school bus.The six-hour day, the 180-day school year is regarded as something holy. But when parents work an eight-hour day and a 240-day year, something different. It means that many kids go home to empty houses. It means that, in the summer, they hang out.“We have a huge mismatch between th

22、e school calendar and realities of family life.” says Dr. Ernest Boyer, head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.Dr. Boyer is one of many who believe that a radical revision of the school calendar is inevitable. “School, whether we like it or not, is educational. It always has

23、 been.”His is not popular idea. Schools are routinely burdened with the job of solving all our social problems. Can they be asked to meet the needs of our work and family lives?In may be easier to promote a longer school year on its educational merits and, indeed, the educational case is compelling.

24、 Despite the complaints and studies about our kids lack of learning, the United State still has a shorter school year than any industrial nation. In most of Europe, the school year is 220 days. In Japan, it is 240 days long. While classroom time alone doesnt produce a well-educated child, learning t

25、akes time and more learning takes more time. The long summers of forgetting take a toll.The opposition to a longer school year comes from families that want to and can provide other experiences for their children. It comes from teachers. It comes from tradition. And surely from kids. But the most im

26、portant part of the conflict has been over the money.1.Which of the following is an opinion of the authors?2.The current American school calendar was developed in the 19th century according to （ ）.3.The author thinks that the current school calendar（ ）.4.Why was Dr. Boyers idea unpopular?5.The main

27、purpose of the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.“The kids are hanging out.”B.“They are school children without school.”C.“These kids are not old enough for jobs.”D.“The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago.”问题2选项A.the growing season on nations farmB.the labor demands of the industrial

28、 ageC.teachers demands for more vacation timeD.parents demands for other experiences for their kids问题3选项A.is still validB.is out of dateC.cannot be revisedD.cannot be defended问题4选项A.He argues for the role of school in solving social problemsB.He supports the current school calendarC.He thinks that s

29、chool year and family life should be considered separatelyD.He strongly believes in the educational role of school问题5选项A.to describe how American children spend their summerB.to explain the needs of the modern working familiesC.to discuss the problems of the current school calendarD.to persuade pare

30、nts to stay at home to look after their kids【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.观点态度题。根据第一段的描述可知，作者主要想表达的是孩子们上学的时间太短，很多时间都在外面闲逛。所以选项A是作者的观点，其他选项都是事实。2.细节事实题。根据第二段三四句“In 19th-century cities, schools were open seven or eight hours a day, 11 months a year. In rural America, the year was arranged around

31、the growing season.”在19世纪的城市，学校每天开放7到8小时，一年11个月。在美国农村，一年是围绕着（农作物）生长季节来安排的。选项A符合原文。3.推理判断题。根据第二段“Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model,”现在，只有3%的家庭遵循农业模式。由此可知，作者认为现有的上学时间安排已经不适用于现在的情况，也就是已经过时了，所以选项 B正确。4.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的内容，他(Dr. Boyer)的想法不受欢迎。学校通常肩负着解决我们所有社会问题的重担。它们能满足我们工作和家庭生活的需要吗？由此可知，Dr. Boyer的想法不受欢迎的原因是他坚信学校的教育作用，选项D符合原文。5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是当前上学时间安排存在的问题。选项C最能概括全文。