2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷13

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1、2022年考博英语-福建师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题The bad weather （ ）all our hopes of going out.问题1选项A.haltedB.frustratedC.submergedD.immersed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。halt意为“停止，中止”；frustrate意为“使沮丧，阻止，挫败”；submerge意为“浸没，淹没”；immerse意为“深陷于，沉浸在”。句意：坏天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。2. 单选题Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant con

2、sensus that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future of work. Should we c

3、ontinue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and neighborhood, as well as

4、the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be r

5、eversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid

6、 work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail, then by road, people commuted longer distances to their

7、 places of employment until, eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage as men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community in pre-industrial times, wh

8、ile now it becomes customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife.Also as employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more r

9、etired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the Utopian goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.1.Research carried out in

10、 recent opinion polls shows that （ ）.2.The passage suggests that we should now reexamine our thinking about the future of work and（ ）.3.The arrival of the industrial age in our historical evolution meant that（ ）.4.The effects of almost universal employment became overwhelming in that（ ）.5.The passag

11、e concludes that（ ）.问题1选项A.available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the populationB.new jobs must be created in order to rectify high unemployment figuresC.available employment must be most widely distributed among the unemployedD.the present high unemployment figures are a

12、 fact of life问题2选项A.be prepared to admit that being employed is not the only kind of workB.create more factories in order to increase our productivityC.set up smaller private enterprises so that we in turn can employ othersD.be prepared to fill in time at home by taking up hobbies and leisure activi

13、ties问题3选项A.universal employment virtually guaranteed prosperityB.economic freedom came within everyones graspC.patterns of work were fundamentally changedD.peoples attitudes to work had to be reserved问题4选项A.the household and village community disappeared completelyB.men now traveled enormous distanc

14、es to their places of workC.young and old people became superfluous components of societyD.the work status of those not in paid employment suffered问题5选项A.the creation of jobs for all is an impossibilityB.we should help those whose jobs are only part-timeC.people should start to support themselves by

15、 learning a practical skillD.our efforts and resources in terms of tackling unemployment are insufficient【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Opinion polls are now beginning to show a reluctant consensus that. high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find w

16、ays of sharing the available employment more widely.（民意测验现在开始显示出一种不情愿的共识即高失业率很可能会持续下去。这意味着我们必须设法更广泛地分享现有的就业机会）从民意调查结果可知现在失业率很高 ，现有的就业只能满足一小部分人口，因此选A。2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的四个问句（我们是否应该继续把就业视为标准？难道我们不应该鼓励许多其他方式来尊重别人的工作吗？我们是否应该创造条件，让很多人可以为自己工作，而不是为雇主工作？难道我们的目标不应该是重振家庭和社区，以及工厂和办公室，作为生产和工作的中心吗？）可知我们应该改变以前的工作观念，

17、被雇佣并不是工作的唯一方式，B、C、D是改变观念的具体例子，并不能概括其中心观点，因此选A。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的it could offer the prospect of a better future for work（它可以为将来的工作提供更好的前景）可知与A选项“普遍就业实际上保证了繁荣”说法不符，工业时代只是提供一个好的工作机会，并不能保证繁荣；由Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom（如历史所示，普遍就业并不意味着经济自由）可知B选项“经济自由在每个人的掌握之中

18、”说法不正确；由some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed（一些工作模式上的变化可能会被保留）可知与D选项“人们对工作的态度必须保留”不符，通过排除法，因此选C。4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的as transport improved.eventually, many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived（随着交通的改善最终，许多人的工作失去

19、了与他们的家庭生活和他们居住的地方的所有联系）可知人们可以到离家很远的地方工作，因此选B。5.推理判断题。文章最后一段的内容为：这一切现在可能必须改变。现在是时候把为所有人创造就业的乌托邦式目标的努力和资源，转变为帮助很多没有全职工作的人进行管理的紧迫的实际任务上来。乌托邦表示某些好的，但是无法实现的（或几乎无法实现的）建议、愿望、计划等，由此可知A选项“为所有人创造就业机会是不可能的”符合题意。3. 单选题Dont be hard on Lilly. She is（ ）and she may start to cry.问题1选项A.sophisticatedB.sympatheticC.se

20、nsitiveD.sensible【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。sophisticated意为“老练的，见过世面的”；sympathetic意为“同情的，有同情心的”；sensitive意为“敏感的，易受影响的”；sensible意为“理智的，明智的”。句意：别对莉莉太苛刻。她很敏感，她可能会哭了。4. 单选题Will all those （ ）the proposal raise their hands?问题1选项A.in relation toB.in excess toC.in contrast toD.in favor of【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。in relation t

21、o意为“与相关”；in excess to意为“超过”；in contrast to意为“与对比鲜明，相比之下”；in favor of意为“赞成，支持”。句意：支持这个提议的所有这些人都会举手吗？5. 单选题Our country has grown rich because of its （ ）with other nations.问题1选项A.intercourseB.businessC.commerceD.interaction【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。intercourse意为“交流，交往”；business意为“商业，交易”；commerce意为“(尤指国际间的) 贸易，商业

22、”；interaction意为“相互影响，交互作用”。句意：我国通过与其他国家的贸易往来富起来了。6. 单选题Marys mother had to （ ）her dress because Mary is growing so tall.问题1选项A.let offB.let goC.let outD.let loose【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。let off意为“让下车，引爆”；let go意为“放开，释放，发射”；let out意为“泄露，放大，出租”；let loose意为“释放，放出，放任”。句意：玛丽的母亲不得不把玛丽的衣服改大，因为玛丽长得很高。7. 单选题Greater

23、effort to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage（ ）avoided.问题1选项A.is to beB.can beC.will beD.has been【答案】A【解析】考查将来时。be to do sth.意为“计划、安排或命令要做的事”，此处含有强制要求做某事，因此选A。will表示一般的将来，或者临时决定做某事；can be能够（避免）不符合句意；has been表示已经避免更不符合句意句意：如果要避免食物短缺，就必须作出更大的努力来增加农业产量。8. 单选题According to new

24、 research of Prof. Randolph Mensal from the Free University in Berlin, the popular image of bees as the ultimate hard workers was inaccurate. “Although we see bees buzzing around tirelessly in spring and summer, the common belief in a bees busy nature is based on a misconception,” he said. People on

25、ly really see bees when theyre out flying, or they look at a colony of bees and see thousands of them buzzing around. They dont get to pick them out as individuals. The professor, who this month won a German Zoological Society award for his work on bees, added that bees compensated for their apparen

26、t laziness with high intelligence: advanced memory skills and an ability to learn quickly.The suggestion that bees were not pulling their weight met with skepticism from British beekeepers. Glyn Davies, the President of the British Beekeepers Association, said that bees were not lazy but efficient.

27、“At any particular stage in its life, a bee has a specific job to do. If they areunable to do that job, they conserve their energy by doing nothing. Each bee has a unit of life energy and the faster it works, the faster it dies. They are being very wise and perhaps humans should try to follow their

28、example instead of running about like headless chickens.”The idea of the busy bee is several thousand years old. One current author who has nothing but admiration for the bee is Paul Theroux, the novelist and part-time beekeeper. “I have never seen a bee sleeping. My bees never stop working,” he sai

29、d. Mr. Theroux, who keeps 85 hives each containing 300,000 bees in Hawaii, added that Prof. Mendels research could have been affected by his national origins. “Perhaps in comparison to the German rate of work, the bee does look lazy,” he said.Few people think that the busy bee idea will go away, des

30、pite the efforts of Prof. Mensah It performs too many useful functions in our culture. In fact, the worship of bees seems to be undergoing a renaissance. IBM recently ran a series of ads drawing on the “waggle dance” of bees, telling businessmen to “make your business waggle.”1.Prof. Randolph Mendel

31、s latest research （ ）.2.According to Prof. Randolph Mensal, which of the following is NOT true?3.According to Glyn Davies, what should we learn from bees?4.The IBM ads in the passage are used to（ ）.问题1选项A.challenges our knowledge of the relations among beesB.confirms our knowledge of the relations a

32、mong beesC.challenges our perception of the nature of beesD.confirms our perception of the mature of bees问题2选项A.Bees are hard working.B.Bees are quick learners.C.Bees have intelligence.D.Bees have good memory.问题3选项A.How to work faster.B.How to live longer.C.How to cooperate with each other.D.How to

33、improve work efficiency.问题4选项A.show the popularity of the idea of busy beesB.emphasize the negative image of busy beesC.initiate public discussions on the busy bee imageD.question the comparison of busy bees to humans【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的the popular image of bees as the ultima

34、te hard workers was inaccurate. the common belief in a bees busy nature is based on a misconception（人们普遍认为蜜蜂是终极的辛勤工作者，这种形象是不准确的人们对蜜蜂勤劳的天性的普遍看法是基于一种误解）可知Prof. Randolph Mendel的最新研究挑战了我们对蜜蜂本质的认识，因此选C。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的added that bees compensated for their apparent laziness with high intelligence: advance

35、d memory skills and an ability to learn quickly（他补充说，蜜蜂用高智力来弥补他们明显的懒惰：先进的记忆技能和快速学习的能力）可知Prof. Randolph Mensal认为蜜蜂并不是勤劳的，因此选A。3.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的bees were not lazy but efficient. They are being very wise and perhaps humans should try to follow their example instead of running about like headless chicken

36、s.（蜜蜂不是懒惰，而是有效率的他们非常聪明，也许人类应该效仿他们，而不是像无头苍蝇一样到处乱跑）可知D选项“如何提高工作效率”符合题意。4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的In fact, the worship of bees seems to be undergoing a renaissance.（事实上，对蜜蜂的崇拜似乎正在经历复兴）以及此句话后便列举了蜜蜂做广告的例子，可推测勤劳的蜜蜂这种思想是受欢迎的，因此选A。9. 单选题Professor Kumar Bhatt, founder and head of Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMC), an

37、d RobMeakin a personnel director at Marconi, have developed a partnership to train engineers and managers to become elite rate. The New Knowledge Partnership will include a team of 40 Marconi managers in what Professor Bhatt calls electronic engineering management or E2. A wide range of engineering

38、and non-engineering companies has expressed interest in these exciting programs, professor Bhatt believes that e-commerce is changing the business environment to a huge extent. Many chief executives do not understand the power of the new technologies and in some cases, are actually resisting change.

39、 He says that “as long as enough industry leaders realize its potential benefits, e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain. This could take the economy close to eliminating the still substantial competitiveness gap with its main rivals. Over the last five years in th

40、e US there has been a 30% improvement in manufacturing sector productivity because of information technology. In Britain we can achieve more than that and successful e-business will be worth billions to the UK economy.”Already Britain makes more use of computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM)

41、 and management information technology system than other European countries, and has a government that actively promotes e-business. But, observes Professor Bhatt, Britain has never used technology as a growth driver. “The thing about electronic engineering management is that you can keep your legac

42、y systems; you just need to link those systems with an information engine. At the touch of a button it will allow project managers to see the status of a project, identify problems precisely and make virtually immediate decisions based on information that will be much more complete than in the past.

43、”The E2 program is the result of an alliance by the Warwick Manufacturing Group with Americas leading e-commerce study center, Carnegie Mellon. The latter will be responsible for training many of the Marconi managers in America, where the group has half its business. In Britain. Professor Bhatt has

44、linked up with Sun Microsystems, Oracle and Parametric Technology, to set up a multi-million pound E2 design and manufacturing center at the university which will be used for training and research.Professor Bhatt believes that e-commerce is changing business to such an extent that WMG is likely to b

45、e renamed Warwick Electronic Manufacturing Group. But, he warns: “The move to globalize because of e-commerce is racing ahead. Although the net allows British industry to overtake their European peers, it also offers Asian countries to leapfrog the West. For the first time it is not the privilege of

46、 the Western world because this technology is universal.”1.What is the purpose of E2 course?2.Why does Bhatt say that e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain?3.According to the passage, what do you know about e-business in Britain?4.According to the passage, which o

47、f the following is true?5.According to that last passage, what is Bhatts attitude towards e-commerce?问题1选项A.Teach electronic engineering management.B.Train engineers and managers to be acquainted with e-commerce.C.Train engineers and managers to be engineers and managers.D.Teach engineers and manage

48、rs about developing partnership.问题2选项A.Because many business leaders have shown their interest in this.B.Because it can strengthen the companies competitiveness.C.Because more people will learn e-commerce style.D.Because new information technologies can greatly improve industrial productivity.问题3选项A

49、.E-business has eliminated many competitive rivals.B.E-business has done many benefits to big companiesC.Many companies have joined in the E-business program.D.E-business has great potential and will make changes in the country.问题4选项A.Britain can be competitive to US in the area of information techn

50、ology.B.Britain has already taken the advantages of running engineering management.C.As with many other European countries, Britain has made use of computer-aided systems.D.E-business has offered opportunities to European countries to eliminate the competitiveness gap with all the rivals.问题5选项A.He t

51、hinks it as a precise opportunity only to Britain.B.He thinks that it is not as a good opportunity as people think.C.He thinks it is not only good for Britain but also a precise opportunity for other countries.D.He does not consider it a good opportunity in the long run.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C

52、【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的have developed a partnership to train engineers and managers to become elite rate（建立了合作伙伴关系，培训工程师和管理人员成为精英）可知D选项“教工程师和经理如何发展伙伴关系”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain. This could take the economy close to eliminating the st

53、ill substantial competitiveness gap with its main rivals.（电子商务将使英国的第二次生产力革命成为可能。这可能会使经济接近消除与主要竞争对手的巨大竞争力差距）可知B选项“因为它可以增强企业的竞争力”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Britain has never used technology as a growth driver.（英国从未将科技作为经济增长的动力）可知D选项“电子商务有着巨大的潜力，并将在这个国家发生变化”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Over the last five years in th

54、e US there has been a 30% improvement in manufacturing sector productivity because of information technology. In Britain we can achieve more than that and successful e-business will be worth billions to the UK economy.（在过去五年中，由于信息技术，美国制造业的生产率提高了30%。在英国，我们可以取得更多成就，成功的电子商务将对英国经济带来数十亿美元的收益）可知A选项“在信息技术领

55、域，英国可以比美国更有竞争力”符合题意。5.观点态度题。由文章最后一段中的The move to globalize because of e commerce is racing ahead. Although the net allows British industry to overtake their European peers, it also offers Asian countries to leapfrog the West. For the first time it is not the privilege of the Western world because th

56、is technology is universal.（由于电子商务而走向全球化的步伐正在加快。尽管网络允许英国工业超越欧洲同行，但它也为亚洲国家提供了超越西方的机会。这是第一次它不是西方世界的特权，因为这项技术是普遍的）可知C选项“他认为这不仅对英国有利，而且对其他国家来说也是一个确切的机会”正确。10. 单选题All animals, especially the small kind, appear to feel anxiety. Humans have felt it since the days they shared the planet with saber-toothed t

57、igers. But we live in a particularly anxious age. The initial shock of Sept. 11 has worn off, and the fear has lifted, but millions of Americans continue to share a kind of generalized mass anxiety. A recent TIME/CNN poll found that eight months after the event, nearly two-thirds of Americans think

58、about the terror attacks at least several times a week. And it doesnt take much for all the old fears to come rushing back. What was surprising about the recent drumbeat of terror warnings was how quickly it triggered the anxiety so many of us thought we had put behind us.This is one of the mysterie

59、s of anxiety. While it is a normal response to physical danger and can be a useful tool for focusing the mind when theres a deadline looming anxiety becomes a problem when it persists too long beyond the immediate threat. Sometimes theres an obvious cause, as with the shell-shocked soldiers of World

60、 War I or the terror-scarred civilians of the World Trade Center collapse. Other times, we dont know why we cant stop worrying.Anxiety disorder which is what health experts call any anxiety that persists to the point that it interferes with ones life is the most common mental illness in the U.S. In

61、its various forms, ranging from very specific phobias to generalized anxiety disorder, it afflicts 19 million Americans (see “Are You Too Anxious?”).In recent years, however, researchers have made significant progress in nailing down the underlying science of anxiety. In just the past decade, they h

62、ave come to appreciate that whatever the factors that trigger anxiety, it grows out of a response that is hardwired in our brains. They have learned, among other things:There is a genetic component to anxiety; some people seem to be born worriers.Brain scans can reveal differences in the way patient

63、s who suffer from anxiety disorders respond to danger signals. Due to a shortcut in our brains information-processing system, we can respond to threats before we become aware of them.The root of an anxiety disorder may not be the threat that triggers it but a breakdown in the mechanism that keeps the anxiety response from careering out of control.Before we delve into the latest research, lets define a few terms. Though we all have our own intuitive sense of what the words stress and fear mean, sc