2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷11

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1、2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题If you say that something is（ ）, you are emphasizing that it cannot be justified or, tolerated because it is extremely bad.问题1选项A.inevitableB.ineffectiveC.inexcusableD.inexplicable【答案】C【解析】inevitable必然的, 不可避免的；ineffective无效的, 不起作用的；inexcusable不可原谅的；inexplica

2、ble费解的。句意：如果你说某件事是不可原谅的, 你是在强调它是不合理的或不能容忍的, 因为它是极其糟糕的。选项C更符合语境。2. 单选题He did not feel obliged to（ ）to the rules that applied to ordinary men.问题1选项A.confrontB.conformC.confineD.console【答案】B【解析】confront面对, 遭遇；conform遵守, 符合；confine 限制；console安慰。句意：他觉得没有义务遵守适用于普通人的规则。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题The rapid growth of Flo

3、ridas cities has caused the states roads and highways to become （ ） .问题1选项A.worn outB.impassableC.congestedD.muffled【答案】C【解析】worn out疲惫不堪的, 耗尽的；impassable不能通行的；congested堵塞的, 拥挤的；muffled听不清的, 蒙住的。句意：佛罗里达州城市的快速发展导致该州的道路和高速公路变得拥挤不堪。选项C符合语境。4. 单选题He had read a patent liver-circular, in which were detail

4、ed the various（ ）by which a man could tell his liver was out of order.问题1选项A.signalsB.systemC.symptomsD.symbols【答案】C【解析】句意：他读过一个专门的肝脏循环图, 里面详细地描述了各种症状, 人们通过这些症状可以知道他的肝脏是否出了问题。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题I would have gone to the lecture with you _ I was so busy.问题1选项A.except thatB.provided thatC.but thatD.only tha

5、t【答案】D【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：要不是我太忙，我就会和你一起去听讲座了。A选项except that“除了（名词整体）外，只是（某些细节）”，后面的从句表示前面提及名词中所包含的一部份，也就是对该名词的细节加以修正；B选项provided that“倘若”；C选项but that“若非，要不是”，but that引导从句时，主句必须是否定句；D选项only that“只是，要不是”。这里指的是要是我不忙就会去了，结合语境和用法，D选项only that符合题意。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题We will introduce legislation to simplify tradema

6、rk registrations and extend the rights they _.问题1选项A.conferB.excludeC.allotD.commend【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项confer“授予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利）”；B选项exclude“不放在考虑之列；防止进入，阻止参加，把排斥在外”；C选项allot“分配，配给（时间、钱财等）；分派（任务等）”；D选项commend“赞扬；举荐”。句意：我们将出台立法，简化商标注册程序，扩大他们_的权利。横线处和they形成主谓关系来修饰rights“权利”，A选项confer“授予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利）”对应ri

7、ghts“权利”，符合题意。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题Because of their chemical structure, synthetic dyes generally（ ） more slowly than natural ones.问题1选项A.penetrateB.evaporateC.fadeD.secede【答案】C【解析】penetrate渗透, 看透；evaporate蒸发, 挥发；fade褪色；secede 脱离, 退出。句意：由于化学结构的原因, 合成染料通常比天然染料褪色慢。选项C符合句意。8. 单选题In Briton the robin is a small

8、bird, but its（ ）in America is much large.问题1选项A.speciesB.counterpartC.analogyD.category【答案】A【解析】句意：在英国知更鸟是一种小鸟, 但在美国它的物种要大得多。species物种, 种类；counterpart相似物；analogy 类比, 类似；category种类, 分类。选项A形容生物种类, 所以选项A正确。9. 单选题Nylon is a (n)（ ）material; it can be used to make a great many things.问题1选项A.compoundB.imit

9、ationC.versatileD.crystal【答案】C【解析】compound复合的；imitation人造的，仿制的；versatile多用的，万能的；crystal水晶的，透明的。根据下句：尼龙可以用来做很多东西，说明尼龙用途广泛，选项C符合句意。10. 翻译题The term education can be applied to primitive culture only in the sense of enculturation, which is the process of cultural transmission. A primitive person, whose

10、culture is the totality of his universe, has a relatively fixed sense of cultural continuity and timelessness. The model of life is relatively static and absolute, and it is transmitted from on generation to another with little deviation. As for prehistoric education, it can only be inferred from ed

11、ucational practices in surviving primitive cultures. The purpose of primitive education is thus guide children to become good members of their tribe or band.Historically all cultures and societies have provided some form of “education”, formal and informal. Whether we are discussing informal educati

12、on of a demonstration variety or the highly ritualized and formal mechanisms of a doctoral program in the United States, all systems of education operate implicitly or explicitly with a set of pedagogical objectives. In a broad sense the overall goals of education, formal and informal, are to transm

13、it the skills, competencies, and values that the specific culture deems necessary to assure the maintenance of the society.【答案】只有从表示文化传播过程的文化适应的意义上来看, 教育这一词才能应用于原始文化中。对于一个把他自己的文化当做他的全部世界的原始人而言, 他对文化连续性和永恒性有着相对固定的理解。他的生活方式相对稳定和纯粹, 而在代代相传的过程中, 这种生活方式也不会发生很大的改变。至于史前教育, 它只能从幸存的原始文化中通过教育实践推知。原始教育的目的在于引导孩

14、子成为他们一伙或乐队中的一名优秀的成员。从历史角度上看, 每个文化和社会都提供了某种形式的教育, 不管是正式的, 还是非正式的。不管是我们正在讨论的非正式教育的示范还是美国高度仪式化和正式的博士项目机制, 所有的教育形式都直接或间接地带有一套教育目的。从广义上讲, 教育的总目的, 正式或非正式的, 是为了传播特定文化所需的用来保证社会群体维持的技能、能力和价值观。11. 单选题With his face （ ）by a mask, the fireman dashed into the house on fire.问题1选项A.hiddenB.concealedC.screenedD.buri

15、ed【答案】C【解析】四个词都有“掩饰, 掩藏”之意, 但侧重点不同。hide 般用于hide sb/sth in a place；conceal隐瞒, 一般表示“掩饰, 不让别人发现”；screen表示“遮蔽以起到保护的效果”；bury表示“埋葬”。根据句意可知, 所以C符合语境。12. 单选题Dr. Elizabeth Hurdon distinguished herself as a surgeon at a time in which medical profession was （ ）male.问题1选项A.onlyB.occasionallyC.predominantlyD.reg

16、rettably【答案】C【解析】句意：在医学界以男性为主导的时代, Elizabeth Hurdon博士作为一名外科医生而闻名。predominantly主要地, 占主导地位地, 选项C符合句意。13. 单选题I think she hurt my feelings（ ）rather than by accident as she claimed.问题1选项A.virtuallyB.literallyC.appropriatelyD.deliberately【答案】D【解析】根据下半句“rather than by accident.”可推测, “我认为她是故意伤害我的感情而不是她声称的偶然

17、伤害”。所以选项D符合语境。14. 单选题In the second half of each year, many powerful storms are born in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean seas. Of these, only about a half a dozen generate the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that give them hurricane status, and several usually make their way to

18、 the coast. There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and bring death to large numbers of people.The great storms that hit the coast start as innocent circling disturbances hundredseven thousandsof miles out to sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried

19、 westward by the trade winds. When conditions are just right, warm, moist air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward through it and comes out at the top. In the process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain, and with it the heat that is converted to energy in the form of s

20、trong winds. As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to swirl in a counter-clockwise motion.The average life of a hurricane is only about nine days, but it contains almost more power than we can imagine. The energy in the heat released by a hurricanes rainfall in a single day would satisfy

21、 the entire electrical needs of the United States for more than six months. Water, not wind, is the main source of death and destruction in a hurricane. A typical hurricane brings 6 to 12-inch downpours resulting in sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful movement of the seathe mountains of wate

22、r moving toward the low-pressure hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves toward shore.1. When is a storm considered to be a hurricane?2. The underlined “innocent circling disturbances” in Paragraph 2 means _.3. The underlined “it” in “moves upward through

23、it” in Paragraph 2 refers to _.4. Strong winds are produced because of _.5. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?问题1选项A.When it is accompanied by wind.B.When it is accompanied by both wind and rain.C.When its circling winds move at 75 miles per hour or even more.D.When the circling win

24、ds bring damages.问题2选项A.innocent people causing small disturbancesB.innocent people causing big disturbancesC.damaging circling windsD.harmless circling winds问题3选项A.a disturbanceB.moist airC.trade windD.water问题4选项A.the young hurricaneB.the heat generated along with rainC.a disturbanceD.moist air问题5选

25、项A.The Hurricaneits harms and benefits.B.The origin and effects of hurricane.C.The hurricane and its great energy.D.The disasters caused by hurricanes.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。精确定位根据题干定位到第一段第二句Of these, only about a half a dozen generate the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hou

26、r or more that give them hurricane status（其中只有大约一半形成至少每小时75英里的强烈旋风，这创造了它们成了飓风的重要条件。），可知C选项“当旋风以至少每小时75英里的速度移动时”正确。排除干扰项A选项“当有风时”：当风速达到一定程度才能算飓风，属于偷换概念。B选项“当风雨交加时”：是否有雨不是判断是否为飓风的条件，属于无中生有。D选项“当旋风带来损害时”：这是飓风的影响而非定义，属于偷换概念。2.词汇推断题。1. 句中前后信息衔接根据题干定位到第二段第一句The great storms that hit the coast start as inn

27、ocent circling disturbances hundredseven thousandsof miles out to sea.（侵袭海岸的大风暴最先在海岸几百甚至几千英里外做无害的盘旋干扰。）2. 上下文语义衔接下文提到旋风开始在海面游移，当暖空气中的水分变成雨，随着热量增加，风开始逆时针旋转形成飓风。综上，这里指的是旋风在真正转化成飓风之前不会带来损害，D选项“无害的旋风”正确。排除干扰项A选项“无恶意之人造成轻微的干扰”和B选项“无恶意之人造成严重的干扰”：这里说的是大自然中的飓风，跟人没有关系，属于无中生有。C选项“破坏性的旋风”：风远离海岸时强度没有那么大，不会造成损害，

28、属于反向干扰。3.词汇推断题。句中前后信息衔接根据题干定位到第二段第三句When conditions are just right, warm, moist air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward through it and comes out at the top.（如果条件成熟，温暖潮湿的空气流入这股风暴的底部，在风暴内向上运动，又从顶部流出。）这里讲的是湿热空气的运动轨迹，主语是air，谓语动词是flows、moves和comes，宾语是disturbance，it指的是前面的disturbance

29、，A选项disturbance“干扰”正确。排除干扰项B选项“潮湿的空气”：湿热的空气是主语，是动作的发出者，而不是承受者，属于曲解原文。C选项“信风”：对应第二段第二句they are carried westward by the trade winds（信风把它们吹向西边），这里指的是风暴在海面游移的时候，信风改变风向，而不是纵向运动，属于张冠李戴。D选项“水”：对应第二段第四句In the process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain（在这过程中，暖空气中的水分生成雨），这里阐述水分如何变成雨水，没有讲水的运动轨迹，属于张冠李

30、戴。4.推理判断题。找句内线索根据题干定位到第二段倒数第二句In the process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain, and with it the heat that is converted to energy in the form of strong winds.（在这过程中，热空气中的水分生成雨，随着温度上升，会以狂风的形式转化为能量。）可知热量促成雨水的生成，也产生狂风，B选项“带来雨的热量”正确。排除干扰项A选项“刚产生的飓风”：对应到第二段最后一句As the heat increases, the young h

31、urricane begins to swirl in a counter-clockwise motion.（随着热量的增加，刚产生的飓风开始以逆时针旋转。），这里所指的飓风就是狂风的升级版，属于偷换概念。C选项“干扰”：这里的干扰指的是狂风的雏形阶段，是狂风本身，属于偷换概念。D选项“湿气”：湿气变成雨水，湿气本身不能形成狂风，属于张冠李戴。5.主旨大意题。1. 首尾段核心句首段第一句提出现象吸引读者：In the second half of each year, many powerful storms are born in the tropical Atlantic and Car

32、ibbean seas.（每年下半年，在热带的大西洋和加勒比海经常有大风暴。）；第二句讲述飓风的产生情况：Of these, only about a half a dozen generate the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that give them hurricane status, and several usually make their way to the coast.（其中只有大约一半形成至少每小时75英里的强烈旋风，这创造了它们成了飓风的重要条件，其中有几个通常会到达海岸。）；第三句讲述飓风的

33、影响：There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and bring death to large numbers of people.（它们造成海岸上数百万美元的损失和大量死亡。）。尾段第一句but it contains almost more power than we can imagine（但它的力量超出我们的想象）讲的是飓风的影响。由此推断全文的主旨应是“飓风的起源和影响”，因此B选项正确。2. 分析文章的行文结构本文的结构是总分，第一段概括全文，第二、三段分别讲述飓风的形成和影响，因此B选项正确。3. 梳理各段核心句第一段：引出

34、飓风的话题，简单介绍飓风的产生和影响。第二段：第一句The great storms that hit the coast start as innocent circling disturbances hundredseven thousandsof miles out to sea.（侵袭海岸的大风暴最先在海岸几百甚至几千英里外做无害的盘旋干扰。）引出这段的主要内容，讲述飓风的形成过程。第三段：第一句but it contains almost more power than we can imagine（但它的力量超出我们的想象）是段总述句，这一段讲述飓风有什么力量。综上，全文主旨是“飓

35、风的起源和影响”，因此B选项正确。排除干扰项A选项“飓风其危害和好处”：关键词harms and benefits分别对应第三段第二句satisfy the entire electrical needs of the United States for more than six months和第三段第三句main source of death and destruction in a hurricane，这都是第三段的内容，不足以概括全文，属于以偏概全。C选项“飓风及其巨大能量”：关键词great energy对应第三段第一句it contains almost more power t

36、han we can imagine，这里的power指的是好处和危害，只出现在第三段，属于以偏概全。D选项“飓风的危害”：disasters对应第三段第三句main source of death and destruction in a hurricane，也属于以偏概全。15. 单选题Saving money regularly during ones working years will help to（ ）ones old age from want.问题1选项A.safeguardB.assureC.guardD.guarantee【答案】A【解析】safeguard保护，保卫；a

37、ssure保证，确保；guard防卫；guarantee保证，担保。safeguard.from.为固定搭配，表示“保护.使免于.”，句意：工作的时候定期存钱，有助于老年时期免受贫困之苦。选项A符合句意。16. 单选题Language, culture and personality may be considered（ ）of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.问题1选项A.indistinctlyB.indefinitelyC.irrelevantlyD.independently【答案】D【解析】indisti

38、nctly朦胧地；indefinitely无限地, 不明确地；irrelevantly不相干地；independently独立地。根据句意可知应填入与inseparable相反的词, 选项D符合语境。17. 单选题Students who dont work hard will face（ ）prospects in the future.问题1选项A.meagerB.rareC.bleakD.slight【答案】C【解析】meager贫乏的，瘦的；rare稀少的；bleak惨淡的，无希望的；slight轻微的，少量的。能与prospects搭配且符合句意的只有选项C。指前途惨淡的，无希望的。

39、18. 单选题If you stand on top of a cliff booking down a deep valley, youll feel（ ）.问题1选项A.uncomfortableB.dizzyC.sickD.feeble【答案】B【解析】uncomfortable不舒服的；dizzy头晕目眩的；sick恶心的；feeble虚弱的。句意：如果你站在悬崖顶端往下看深谷，你会感到头晕目眩。选项B更符合语境。19. 单选题Theres _ when we shall meet again.问题1选项A.not knowB.no knowingC.not to knowD.neve

40、r knowing【答案】B【解析】考查固定句型。句意：我们什么时候再见面还不知道。考查there be句型，横线处应该填名词，knowing是动名词，B选项no knowing正确，A选项not know和C选项not to know错误。结合语境，这里没有永远都不知道的意思，D选项never knowing错误。因此B选项正确。20. 单选题Many companies allow you to try equipment and will _ equipment to you in your own home.问题1选项A.proclaimB.demonstrateC.recommendD.package【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项proclaim“宣告；成为标志”；B选项demonstrate“证实；表现，显露”；C选项recommend“举荐；建议”；D选项package“将包装好；包装成”。句意：许多公司允许您试用设备，并将设备_送到您自己家中。横线处和equipment“设备”形成动宾关系，D选项package“将包装好”可以进行搭配，符合题意。因此D选项正确。