2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷87

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1、2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Now scientists cannot realize （ ）soon that existing scientific knowledge is not nearly so complete, certain and unalterable as many textbooks seem to imply.问题1选项A.soB.veryC.tooD.as【答案】C【解析】cannot.too.“无论怎样也不过分”“越越好”。本句意为：“现有的科学知识并不像课本中所说的那么完善、肯定、不可改变，对于这一点科学

2、家认识得越早越好。”其他选项均无此搭配。2. 单选题Able to go almost anywhere, even over the mountainous Allegheny barrier, the railroad（ ）terrain and weather.问题1选项A.defiedB.resistedC.counterpoisedD.suppressed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项defy“藐视；公然反抗；挑衅”；B选项resist“抵抗，抗拒；忍耐”；C选项counterpoise“使平衡；均衡”；D选项suppress“抑制；镇压；废止”。句意：几乎可以去任何地方，甚

3、至可以越过阿勒格尼山脉，铁路 地形和天气。根据句意可知，这里是指铁路可以不受地形和天气的影响，即“藐视”地形和天气，A选项正确。3. 单选题The population of Pennsylvania increased from 50,000 in 1730 to more than 200,000 in 1763, （ ）to the thousands of Scotch Irish.问题1选项A.in effectB.in consequenceC.in large partD.at large【答案】C【解析】in large part 表示“主要地”，相当于mainly：in ef

4、fect意为“实际”“事实上”；in consequence 意为“因而”“结果”；at large意为“大体上”。本句意为：“宾夕法尼亚的人口从1730年的5万增加到1763年的20万，主要是由于苏格兰和爱尔兰人混血的后裔造成的。”4. 单选题Many of the successful men, had they be enable to choose for themselves, would have selected some quite different professions（ ）they have made fortunes.问题1选项A.from that in which

5、B.from whichC.in whichD.from what【答案】A【解析】from that in which 相当于(different profession) from the professions in which they make fortunes in sth“靠致富”。只有A正确。5. 单选题In digital electronics, signals are broken down into thousands, maybe millions,（ ）, which are encoded as zeroes and ones.问题1选项A.of bits of i

6、nformationB.of much in formationC.of little in formationD.of information【答案】A【解析】information 是不可数名词，选项D错；little information 否定含义，不符合本题句意，C选项错；B选项语义不通。只有A选项正确。6. 单选题Theres always intense media coverage of airplane crashes and that can really play into peoples fears and skew their perceptions of how s

7、afe it is to fly. The underlined part means（ ）.问题1选项A.misconceiveB.distortC.changeD.preoccupy【答案】B【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项misconceive“误解，误会”；B选项distort“扭曲；使失真；曲解”；C选项change“改变”；D选项preoccupy“（使）全神贯注；提前占据”。句意：媒体总是对飞机失事进行密集报道，这真的会加剧人们的恐惧， 他们对飞行安全的认知。根据句意和常识可以推断，当媒体大量报道某事时，往往会误导、曲解人们对该事件的客观认识，因此B选项正确。7. 单选题Quest

8、ions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Abraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and hes beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitols National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washin

9、gton, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a “teach- in” honoring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted andanother sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping a

10、way. And you dont have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we cant afford to lose.Compare this years celebration with the Lincoln centennial in 1909. That year, Lincolns likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Communit

11、ies and civic associations in every comer of the county erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughf

12、are.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincolns presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful na

13、tional trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what Im talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arran

14、ged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to “reassess” the legacy of Lincoln. The verdictno surprisewas negative

15、: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could con

16、jure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was describedby his admirers, rememberas “nonjudgmental,” “unmoralistic,” “comfortable with ambiguity.”I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: “But hes so smal

17、l!”The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroicapproachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans

18、 have lost the language to explain Lincolns greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have

19、presented a Lincoln made after their own image. Weve had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheistLincoln over easy and Lincoln sc

20、rambled.Whats often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century agoand, through them, Lincoln himselfhave left us the hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial

21、is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country weve inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks tha

22、t this years celebration, is inadequate and even halfhearted because（ ）.27. According the passage what really makes the 1909 celebrations different form this years?28. In the authors opinion, the counter-conference（ ）.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary people

23、（ ）.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seenB.no activities can be compared to those in 1909C.no Lincoln statue will be unveiledD.no memorial coins will be issued问题2选项A.Structures constructed in memory of Li

24、ncoln.B.Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C.Respect for great people and their influence.D.Temporal proximity to Lincolns presidency.问题3选项A.rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholarsB.resulted in similar disparaging remarks on LincolnC.came up with somewhat favorable c

25、onclusionsD.offered a brand new reassessment perspective问题4选项A.reveals the variety of current opinions on heroesB.shows the present-day desire to emulate LincolnC.reflects the present-day tendency of worshipD.conforms to traditional images问题5选项A.The memorial is symbolic of the great mans achievement

26、s.B.Lincolns greatness remains despite the passage of time.C.Each generation has its own interpretation of Lincoln.D.People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】26、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“inadequate and even halfhearted”定位到本文第二段，可知本段是指今年的庆祝是不够的，甚至有点三心二意。再根据第三段

27、主要讲述为什么今年的庆祝是不够的，由第三段第一句话“Compare this years celebration with the Lincoln centennial in 1909”（将今年的庆祝活动与1909年的林肯诞生100周年进行比较），然后本段主要介绍了1909年的庆祝活动的盛大，所以可知今年的庆祝不够是因为与1909年相比，是远远不够的，因此B选项符合题意；A选项没有原文依据；C、D选项都是今年庆祝活动没有，而1909年有的具体表现，所以排除。因此B选项正确。27、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。由26题也可知今年与1909年的庆祝活动不同的是庆祝的种类与规模，即本文的第三

28、段介绍了有哪些不同，因此B选项符合题意。A选项“为纪念林肯而建造的建筑物”是属于庆祝的规模与范畴的；C选项说法错误，即使是今天，人们也无法用语言描述出林肯的伟大；D选项没有原文依据。因此B选项正确。28、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“counter-conference”定位到第八段最后一句“The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was describedby his admirers, rememberas nonjudgmental, unmoralistic, comfortable with

29、ambiguity”（这位目睹了我们历史上最野蛮的战争的人，被他的崇拜者描述为请记住“不偏不倚”“不讲道德”“喜欢模棱两可”）可知反会议上学者为林肯做的画像，传递出关于林肯负面的内容，即导致了对林肯类似的贬低的言论，所以B选项与其相对应。A、C、D选项均说法错误，与B选项意义相反，所以排除。因此B选项正确。29、【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。由题干关键词“image of Lincoln”可定位到倒数第二段的第一句话“This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented

30、 a Lincoln made after their own image”，后面是一些作家对林肯的形象的制造，总之是很混乱的，包括幽默家、解放者等，所以林肯的形象揭示了当前对英雄的各种不同看法，因此A选项说法正确。B、C、D选项没有原文依据。30、【试题答案】B【试题解析】总结归纳题。由题干定位到本文的最后一段。由最后一段最后一句话“Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us”（这就是林肯，他可以不断地被更新

31、，在他出生200年后，他仍然保留着更新我们的权力）可知人们对林肯的形象有不同的解释与更新，但是尽管时间流逝，林肯的伟大仍然存在，最后一段主要强调林肯的伟大不会消失且一直在影响着人们。最后一段没有提到纪念碑的内容，A选项排除；C选项体现在倒数第二段，题干问的是最后一段；D选项没有原文依据，所以排除。因此B选项正确。8. 单选题This kind of songbird sleeps much less during its annual （ ）, but that doesnt seem to affect its flying.问题1选项A.migrationB.emigrationC.con

32、veyanceD.transference【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项migration“迁移；移民”；B选项emigration“移民；移民出境”；C选项conveyance“运输；运输工具”；D选项transference“转移；转让”。句意：这种太阳鸟在一年一度的迁徙期间睡眠极度减少，但是这并不影响其飞行。由空格前的关键词“annual年度的，每年的”可知“迁移”符合句意，因此A选项正确。9. 单选题Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Early decisionyou apply to one schoo

33、l, and admission is bindingseems like a great choice for nervous applicants Schools let in a higher percentage of early-decision applicants, which arguably means that you have a better chance of getting in. And if you do, youre done with the whole agonizing process by December. But what most student

34、s and parents dont realize is that schools have hidden motives for offering early decision.Early decision since its binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students; it allows admissions committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know t

35、hose students will come. It also gives schools a higher yield rate which is often used as one of the ways to measure college selectivity and popularity.The problem is that this process effectively shortens the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up

36、 to that point. Under regular admissions, seniors have until May 1 to choose which school to attend; early decision effectively steals six months from them, months that could be used to visit more schools, do more research, speak to current students and alumni and arguably make a more informed decis

37、ion.There are, frankly, an astonishing number of exceptional colleges in America, and for any given student, there are a number of schools that are a great fit. When students become too fixated on a particular school early in the admissions process, that fixation can lead to severe disappointment if

38、 they dont get in or, if they do, the possibility that they are now bound to go to a school that, given time for further reflection, may not actually be right for them.Insofar as early decision offers a genuine admissions edge; that advantage goes largely to students who already have numerous advant

39、ages. The students who use early decision tend to be those who have received higher quality college guidance, usually a result of coming from a more privileged background. In this regard, theres an argument against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have th

40、e admissions know-how to navigate the often confusing early deadlines.Students who have done their research and are confident that theres one school they would be thrilled to get into should, under the current system, probably apply under early decision. But for students who havent yet done enough r

41、esearch, or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the early decision system needlessly and prematurely narrows the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.36. What are students obliged to do und

42、er early decision?37. Why do schools offer early decision?38. What is said to be the problem with early decision for students?39. Why are some people opposed to early decisions?40. What does the author advise college applicants to do?问题1选项A.Attend the school once they are admitted.B.Look into a lot

43、of schools before they apply.C.Think twice before they accept the offer.D.Consult the current students and alumni.问题2选项A.To provide more opportunities for applicants.B.To avoid competition with other college.C.To make sure they get qualified students.D.To save students the agony of choosing a school

44、.问题3选项A.It makes their application process more complicated.B.It places too high a demand on their research ability.C.It exerts much more psychological pressure on them.D.It allows them little time to make informed decisions.问题4选项A.It interferes with students learning in high school.B.It is biased a

45、gainst students at ordinary high schools.C.It places students from lower income families at a disadvantage.D.It causes unnecessary confusion among college applicants.问题5选项A.Refrain from competing with students from privileged families.B.Find sufficient information about their favorite schools.C.Avoi

46、d choosing early decision unless they are fully prepared.D.Look beyond the few supposedly thrilling options.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】36. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节辨认题。由题干中的obliged to do和early decision定位到首段首句。Early decisionyou apply to one school, and admission is binding由定位句可知，在提前录取体制下，你申请一所学校，其录取具有约束力

47、。A项“一旦他们被录取就去上学。”；B项“在申请之前多了解一些学校。”；C项“在他们接受这个提议之前要三思。”；D项“咨询目前的学生和校友。”。结合题意可知，A选项和“约束”呼应，正确。故答案为A。37. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干中的offer early decision定位到首段最后一句。首段末句中提到“But what most students and parents dont realize is that schools have hidden motives for offering early decision.”学校提供提前录取是有其隐藏的动机的。接下来，

48、由第二段第一句可知，Early decision since its binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students;提前录取可以使学校录取到高质量的学生。A项“为申请人提供更多的机会。”；B项“避免与其他大学竞争。”；C项“以确保他们得到合格的学生。”，符合题意。D项“为学生省去选学校的痛苦。”故答案为C。38. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节辨认题。由题干中的the problem和for students定位到第三段第一句。The problem is that this process effe

49、ctively shortens the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point.定位句指出，问题在于这个过程实际上缩短了学生必须作出他们到那时为止人生最重要的决定的时间。A项“这使得他们的申请过程更加复杂。”未说明。B项“这对他们的研究能力要求太高了。”未提及。C项“这会给他们带来更多的心理压力”，D项“这让他们很少有时间做出明智的决定。”D项更符合题意。39. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节辨认题。由题干中的opposed

50、定位到倒数第二段最后一句。In this regard, theres an argument against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admissions know-how to navigate the often confusing early deadlines.定位句指出，有人反对提前录取，因为低收入家庭的学生收到录取指南以助他们理解那些常常让人困惑的提前录取截止时间的可能性要小得多。A项“它干扰了学生在高中的学习。”；B项“它对普通高

51、中的学生有偏见。”；C选项“它让来自低收入家庭的学生处于不利地位”符合。D项“这在大学申请者中造成了不必要的混乱。”。C选项符合，故答案为C。40. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干中的the author advise和题文同序原则定位到最后一段。定位段第二句指出，But for students who havent yet done enough research, or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the early decision system needlessly

52、 and prematurely narrows the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.对于那些没有做足研究或者始终无法确定自己最喜欢哪所学校的学生来说，提前录取体制没有必要并且过早地缩小了他们此时的选择范围，而这个时候他们正应该放开自己以迎接一系列令人心动的选择。A项“避免与来自特权家庭的学生竞争。”B项“找到他们最喜欢的学校的充分信息。”，符合题意。C项“避免过早作出决定，除非他们准备充分

53、。”D项“不要只看那几个令人兴奋的选项”。故答案为B。10. 单选题From science to Shakespeare, excellent television and video programs are available （ ） to teachers.问题1选项A.in storeB.in operationC.in abundanceD.in stock【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in store“贮藏着；准备着；将要发生”；B选项in operation“生效；运转着”；C选项in abundance“大量的；丰富的；充足的”；D选项in stock“有存货；现有”

54、。句意：从科学到莎士比亚，教师们可以大量使用优秀的电视和视频节目。由空格前的关键词“available可使用的”可知“大量的”符合句意，因此C选项正确。11. 单选题The old mans face is（ ）the lines of pressure and exhaustion that have accumulated over the years.问题1选项A.branded withB.blended withC.complimented byD.complemented by【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项中brand意为“给打上烙印”；B选项中blend意为“混合”；C选

55、项中compliment意为“恭维；称赞”；D选项中complement意为“补足，补助”。句意：老人脸上（ ） 岁月累积的压力和疲惫的皱纹。根据句意可推断出A选项正确，be branded with有“被打上烙印；带有的印记”的意思，在此句中可翻译为“布满”。12. 单选题Online schools, which （ ） the needs of different people, have emerged as an increasingly popular education alternative.问题1选项A.consent toB.stir upC.switch onD.cate

56、r to【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项consent to“同意；答应；赞成”；B选项stir up“激起；煽动；搅拌；唤起”；C选项switch on“接通，开启”；D选项cater to“迎合；为服务”。句意：满足不同人群需求的网上学校已经成为一种日益流行的教育方式。由空格后的关键词“the needs of 的需求”可知“迎合”符合句意，因此D选项正确。13. 单选题There have been many ups and downs for Air Canada, but the company continues to control the majority of the

57、domestic market. The underlined part means（ ）.问题1选项A.strengths and weaknessesB.fortunes and misfortunesC.assets and liabilitiesD.bolts and nuts【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项strengths and weaknesses“优势与劣势”；B选项fortunes and misfortunes“机遇与不幸”；C选项assets and liabilities“资产与负债”；D选项bolts and nuts“螺栓与螺帽，指基本的但很重要的组成部分”

58、。ups and downs意为“起起伏伏、盛衰、浮沉”，B选项fortunes and misfortunes“机遇与不幸”与其最接近，因此B选项正确。句意：虽然加拿大航空公司经历了许多起起落落，但该公司仍然控制着大部分的国内市场。14. 单选题No modern industrial enterprises can（ ）for a moment without rules and set procedures.问题1选项A.makeB.doC.tryD.perform【答案】B【解析】动词do可以用来表达完成一些日常的活动或工作。注意，这些活动通常都是没有产出具体实物的活动，所以do符合本

59、题语义；make用来表达构造、建立和创造的意思，用来表达创造出可以触碰的实物的活动，所以排除。C、D词义不符。15. 单选题Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Before, whenever we had wealth, we started discussing poverty. Why not now? Why is the current politics of wealth and poverty seemingly about wealth alone? Eight years ago, when Bill C

60、linton first ran for president, the Dow Jones average was under 3,500, yearly federal budget deficits were projected at hundreds of billions of dollars forever and beyond, and no one talked about the “permanent boom” or the “new economy”. Yet in that more straitened time, Clinton made much of the im

61、portance of “not leaving a single person behind”. It is possible that similar “compassionate” rhetoric might yet play a role in the general election.But it is striking how much less talk there is about the poor than there was eight years ago, when the country was economically uncertain, or in previo

62、us eras, when the county felt flush. Even last summer, when Clinton spent several days on a remarkable tour through impoverished areas from Indian reservations in South Dakota to ghetto neighborhoods in East St. Louis, the administration decided to refer to the effort not as a poverty tour but as a

63、“new market initiative”.What is happening is partly a logical, policy-driven reaction. Poverty really is lower than it has been in decades, especially for minority groups. The most attractive solution to ita growing economyis being applied. The people who have been totally left out of this boom often have medical, mental or other problems for which no one has an immediate solution. “The economy has sucked in anyone who