2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷23

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1、2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题If you are always sitting up at night, Im afraid you may （ ）from overwork soon.问题1选项A.fallB.descendC.sickenD.collapse【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。fall “落下；降落”；descend “下降；下来”；sicken “生病”；collapse “倒塌；瓦解”。句意：如果你晚上总是熬夜，那么我担心你可能会因为过度劳累而倒下。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题You must remember not

2、 to（ ） from the point when you write an essay.问题1选项A.go astrayB.wanderC.divergeD.go off【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析、动词词义辨析。go astray “走入歧途；迷路”；wander “徘徊，漫步，迷路”；diverge “分化；分歧，相异；偏离”；go off “离开，进行；变质”。句意：你必须记住当你写论文的时候不要偏离主题。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题The archaeologist（ ） that the vase was 3500 years old.问题1选项A.utilizedB.up

3、heldC.estimatedD.sustained【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。utilized “利用” ；upheld “坚持，维护” ；estimated “估计”；sustained “维持”。句意：考古学家估计这个花瓶有3500年的历史了。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题After doing odd jobs for a week, he got a （ ）position as an office-boy.问题1选项A.permanentB.sufficientC.transparentD.universal【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。permanent “永久的；

4、不变的”；sufficient “足够的，充分的”；transparent “透明的”；universal “普遍的”。句意：做了一个星期临时工后，他得到了一份办公室固定的工作。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题How many times did the clock（ ） ?问题1选项A.hitB.knockC.beatD.strike【答案】D【解析】考查动词的固定搭配。strike可以用来表示“敲打钟表”，其他的词则不行，所以选项D符合题意。6. 单选题（ ）of the grassland dwellers of the North American continent is the ant

5、elope, or pronghorn.问题1选项A.TypicalB.The typicalC.Typical isD.While【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句。分析句子可知，这是一个倒装句，正常的语序是：the North American antelope，or pronghorn is typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent。选项A符合题意。句意：美洲羚羊，又叫叉角羚，是北美大陆典型的草原动物。7. 单选题（ ） her interest in children, teaching should be the right ca

6、reer for her.问题1选项A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.To give【答案】C【解析】考查given的特殊语法。given 充当介词，意思是“考虑到”。句意：考虑到她对孩子的兴趣，教学工作应该是她正确的职业。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题The purpose of the lecture was to（ ）the masses of the United States with the elementary problems of Latin America.问题1选项A.informB.acquaintC.instructD.announce【答案】B【解析】考查

7、固定搭配。inform “通知”；acquaint “了解”；instruct “通知，指导”；announce “宣布”。句意：讲座的目的是为了使美国大众了解拉丁美洲的基本问题。acquaint sb. with sth. “使某人了解某事”。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题（ ）of you could be lost in the forest of buildings.问题1选项A.AnyoneB.AnybobyC.Any oneD.One【答案】C【解析】考查不定代词的用法。句意：你们中的任何一个人都有可能在森林前面的建筑那迷路。anyone和anybody不能与of连用，any one

8、 可以和of连用，所以选项C符合题意。10. 单选题Communication is the process of a message（ ） from a source to an audience via a channel.问题1选项A.shiftingB.transmittingC.submittingD.transforming【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。shift “转移；改变；替换”；transmit “传输；传播”；submit “使服从；呈递”；transform “改变，使变形；转换”。句意：通信是消息通过渠道从出处传播给观众的过程。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题Hi

9、s opinions are very（ ） ; he does not want the situation to change very much.问题1选项A.conservativeB.flexibleC.sophisticatedD.radical【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。conservative “保守的”；flexible “灵活的，柔韧的，易 弯曲的”；sophisticated “精致的，久经世故的”；radical “激进的，根本的”。句意：他的观点非常保守，他不想让形式快速改变。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题（ ）, he remains very modes

10、t.问题1选项A.Though his contributionsB.He made great contributionsC.For all his great contributionsD.However his great contributions【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。Though 与however为连词，后面要接句子，不能接名词，所以选项A和D排除；选项B是一个完整的句子，空格后面也是一个完整的句子，中间没有任何连词，所以选项B排除。选项C符合题意。13. 单选题Banking is about money; and no other familiar commodity

11、arouses such excesses of passion and dislike. Nor is there any other about which more nonsense is talked. The type of thing that comes to mind is not what is normally called economics, which is inexact rather than nonsensical, and only in the same way as all sciences are at the point where they try

12、to predict peoples behavior and its consequences. Indeed most social sciences and, for example, medicine could probably be described in the same way.However, it is common to hear assertions of the kind “if you were left alone on a desert island a few seed potatoes would be more use to you than a mil

13、lion pounds” as though this proves something important about money except the undeniable fact that it would not be much use to anyone in a situation where very few of us are at all likely to find ourselves. Money in fact is a token, or symbolic object, exchangeable on demand by its holders for goods

14、 and services. Its use for these purposes is universal except within a small number of primitive agricultural communities.Money and the price mechanism, i.e., the changes in prices expressed in money terms of different goods and services, are the means by which all modern societies regulate demand a

15、nd supply for these things. Especially important are the relative changes in price of different goods and services compared with each other. To take random examples: the price of house-building has over the past five years risen a good deal faster than that of domestic appliances like refrigerators,

16、 but slower than that of motor insurance or French Impressionist paintings. This fact has complex implications for students of the industry, trade unionism, town planning, insurance companies, fine art suctions, and politics. Unpacking these implications is what economics is about, but their implica

17、tions for bankers are quite different.In general, in modern industrialized societies, prices of services or goods produced in a context requiring a high service-content (e.g. a meal in a restaurant) are scale. It is also a characteristic of highly developed economies that the number of workers emplo

18、yed in service industries tends to rise and that of workers employed in manufacturing to fall. The discomfort this truth causes has been an important source of tension in western political life for many years and is likely to remain so for many more.1.According to the passage economics is（ ）.2.In th

19、e writers view, the assertion that money would be useless on a desert inland（ ） .3.Modern societies control supply and demand（ ） .4.The writer suggests that economics is concerned with（ ） .5.In developed economies, service industries（ ） .问题1选项A.similar to other social sciences because a lot of nonse

20、nse is talked about itB.different from social sciences which try to forecast the way people behaveC.similar to other social sciences because it can foretell the tomorrowD.different from sciences such as medicine问题2选项A.illustrates one limitation to the importance of moneyB.is only of importance to pe

21、ople stranded in such placesC.proves that there are many situations in which money is irrelevantD.tells us nothing of significance about money in a certain situation问题3选项A.by direct intervention in the pricing of goods and servicesB.by means of money and the price mechanismC.by keeping a watchful ey

22、e on relative price changesD.by fixing prices in specific industries问题4选项A.explaining to bankers the price changesB.understanding the effect of relative price changesC.trying to understand why some prices rise fastD.the same financial considerations as banking问题5选项A.tend to employ an increasing numb

23、er of peopleB.employ more people than manufacturing industries doC.cause problems for the white collar unionsD.try to reduce their employees to combat rising costs【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.文章第一段第三句The type of thing that comes to mind is not what is normally called economics, which is inexac

24、t rather than nonsensical, and only in the same way as all sciences are at the point where they try to predict peoples behavior and its consequences从这句可知经济学在试图预测人们的行为模式及其后果方面与其他科学存在共同点，但是在其他方面则不一样。选项D “与其他科学不同，比如医学”。2.文章第二段this proves something important about money except the undeniable fact that i

25、t would not be much use to anyone in a situation where very few of us are at all likely to find ourselves提到这似乎证明了金钱的一个要义，但却无法说明一个不容否认的事实，那就是极少有人会陷身于这种金钱无用的境地。选项D符合题意，“金钱在特定的条件下是没有用的”。3.文章第三段第一句Money and the price mechanism, i.e., the changes in prices expressed in money terms of different goods and

26、services, are the means by which all modern societies regulate demand and supply for these things提到金钱和价格机制，即用金钱形式的价格变化来表现不同商品和服务，是所有现代社会用以调节这些东西供需的方式，选项B “通过金钱和价格机制”符合题意。4.文章第三段第二句Especially important are the relative changes in price of different goods and services compared with each other提到不同商品或服务

27、价格上的相应变化尤其重要；第三段最后一句话Unpacking these implications is what economics is about, but their implications for bankers are quite different提到揭开这些含意就是经济学要做的，但是这些含意对银行家来说又很不一样。由这两处可以得知经济学主要是了解相对价格变化的含意。选项B符合题意。5.文章最后一段It is also a characteristic of highly developed economies that the number of workers employ

28、ed in service industries tends to rise and that of workers employed in manufacturing to fall提到高度发达国家的一个特点就是服务行业的就业人数在增长，而制造业的工人数量在减少。选项A符合题意。14. 单选题The safari hunter was nearly （ ）to death by a herd of elephants.问题1选项A.stampededB.trampledC.trodD.stamped【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。stampede “逃窜，涌向”；trample “践踏，

29、蹂躏”；tread “踩， 踏”； stamp “用脚踩踏”。句意：野生动物猎人差点被一群大象踩死。选项B符合题意。15. 单选题Although he is in his fifties, his（ ） arms are as powerful as those of a young man.问题1选项A.energeticB.giganticC.muscularD.effective【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。energetic “精力充沛的”；gigantic “巨大的，庞大的”；muscular“肌肉的，强健的”；effective“有效的”。句意：尽管他已经五十多岁了，他充

30、满肌肉的手臂像年轻人一样充满力量。选项C符合题意。16. 单选题Commercial banks made most of their income from interest （ ）on loans andinvestments and bonds.问题1选项A.earningB.earnedC.to earnD.was earned【答案】B【解析】考查分词做定语。句意：商业银行主要从贷款、投资和债券中获得利息。这里 interest 是被赚，是一个被动含义，所以应该用过去分词来做后置定语。选项B符合题意。17. 单选题As you all know, the United States

31、is a country on wheels. Nearly eight million new cars are made each year, four households out of five own at least one car, and more than a quarter have two each. Yet youll be surprised to learn that some of the car-owners even suffer from malnutrition.In 1968, a nation-wide survey of malnutrition w

32、as made for the first time. It found that 10 million people are suffering in health through inadequate feeding; the causes of their plight were varied. Unemployment over a long period should be considered as the main factor. And unemployment, strange to say, nine times out of ten results from automa

33、tion, both in industrial and agricultural areas. For example, in the rural South when a cotton plantation suddenly cuts its force from 100 people to three, the problem to help the displaced arises. So is the case with industrial automation. In fact, probably 2 million jobs are made unnecessary each

34、year in the whole country as a result of the automation process, thus making unemployment a chief social concern. According to government statistics, the number of people unemployed was over 5 percent for the period from 1958 to 1963. In July 1981, it rose to 7.8 percent. As a matter of fact, it has

35、 long been known that even during the most prosperous periods there have been people without enough to eat. So I think thats why President Kennedy said in his inauguration speech in 1961, if the government did not help the poor, it could nor save the rich.In 1966, the Social Security Administration

36、calculated that a family of four needed an income of $3,355 a year to be above the line of poverty. And in 1977, the average poverty line of the country was slightly more than $6,200 annual income for a non-farm family of four. According to the Social Security Act, families of that size below povert

37、y line are eligible to receive benefits from the special welfare program. The average weekly payment of benefits now is equivalent to 36 percent of the workers normal wage. And the number of people who receive government benefits is increasing. In 1973, social insurance payments by governments, main

38、ly to old age pensioners and people who had lost their jobs or were off work through illness, amounted to $86,000 million. Those not fully qualified for insurance payments received $29,000 million in public aid.But problems still exist. Many people are not reached by the anti-poverty program, becaus

39、e local authorities and agencies do not want to play their part or do not gave the resources to do so. Some poor people will not accept help for various reasons. Of course, there are some more important factors which lie in the stricture of the society, but I dont consider it necessary to dig into t

40、hem here. Yet we will perhaps agree that social welfare programs have solved to some extent the problems of feeding, clothing and housing those below the poverty line. On the whole, it perhaps might be said that American people are living a better life than people in most other countries.1.The Unite

41、d States is called a country on wheels because （ ）.2.According to a 1968 survey, ten million Americans found themselves in a difficult health situation chiefly due to（ ）3.The author uses “the displaced”(Line 5, Para. 2) to refer to those who are （ ）.4.The word “eligible” (Line 4, Para. 3) is synonym

42、ous with “（ ）5.Americans are living a better life than those in most of other countries because, to some degree （ ）.问题1选项A.about one-fourth Americans own two carsB.a bit over one out of four households are the owners of two carsC.nearly 8 million new cars drive in the country every yearD.80% America

43、ns have at least one car问题2选项A.inadequate feedingB.malnutritionC.unemploymentD.automation问题3选项A.unemployedB.disabledC.sickD.poor问题4选项A.necessaryB.urgentC.neededD.worthy问题5选项A.many Americans receive benefits from the special welfare programB.some poor people can receive help for some reason or otherC

44、.there is the anti-poverty program in the U. S.D.social welfare programs have some measure to settle the problems of those below the poverty line.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段第二句Nearly eight million new cars are made each year, four households out of five own at least one car, and more th

45、an a quarter have two each解释了为什么美国被称为 “车轮上的国家”，80%的家庭拥有至少一辆车，超过25%的家庭拥有两辆车。选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段第三句Unemployment over a long period should be considered as the main factor提到造成营养不调的主要原因是失业。选项C符合题意。3.文章第二段提出长期失业是造成一些人营养不良的原因，比如在南方农村当一个棉花种植园突然将自己的雇佣工人从100人降到3人，那么就意味着有97人失业（“For example, in the rural South whe

46、n a cotton plantation suddenly cuts its force from 100 people to three, the problem to help the displaced arises”）由此可以推断 the displaced 在这里有“失业人员”的意思。选项A符合题意。4.文章第三段提及了美国的平均贫困线，然后提到只有年收入在贫困线以下才有资格领取政府的福利补助：according to the Social Security Act, families of that size below poverty line are eligible to

47、receive benefits from the special welfare program, 由此推测 eligible 的意思是“有资格的”。选项D符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到美国的福利政策在一定程度上解决了贫困线以下那些人的衣食住的问题，这相比多数其他国家的人要过得好。选项D符合题意。18. 单选题Smell is the most direct of all the senses. It is thought to be the oldest sense in terms of human evolution, which may explain why smell is ha

48、rd-wired into the brain. The olfactory nerve, which manages the perception of smells, is essentially an extension of the brain. The olfactory nerve provides a direct link from receptors at the top of the nose to the portion of the brain that controls memory, emotion, and behavior.The olfactory syste

49、m detects certain airborne chemicals that enter the nose and then transmits this chemical information to the limbic system in the brain. The olfactory region at the upper end of each nostril is yellow, moist, and full of fatty substances. The shade of yellow indicates the strength of the sense of sm

50、ell: the deeper the shade, the keener and more acute it is. Animals have a very strong sense of smell, so their olfactory regions are dark yellow to reddish brown, while those of humans are light yellow.When an odorous substance enters the nose, it binds to olfactory receptor cells, the neurons lini

51、ng the yellow upper portion of the nasal cavity. Olfactory receptor cells contain microscopic hairs called cilia that extend into the layer of mucus coating the inside of the nose. Odor molecules diffuse into this region and are absorbed by the cilia of the olfactory receptor cells. What this means

52、is that when we hold a rose to our nose and inhale, odor molecules float up into the nasal cavity, where they are absorbed by five million olfactory receptor cells. The receptor cells alert the olfactory nerve, which sends impulses to the brains olfactory bulb, or smell center. Thus, olfactory infor

53、mation about the rose enters the brains limbic system, where, in most of us, it stimulates a feeling of pleasure.The limbic system of the brain integrates memory, emotion, and behavior. The system is composed of a group of related nervous system structures that are the functional center of emotions

54、such as anger, fear, pleasure, and sadness. The components of the limbic system are linked to the cerebral cortex, the part of the brain involved in complex learning, reasoning, and personality. The cerebral cortex makes decisions about the emotional content of these unique human qualities after “co

55、nsulting” the limbic system and the other brain centers in processing and retrieving memories. It may, in turn, use memories to modify behavior.Scent may be the strongest trigger of memory and emotions. When we inhale a scent,receptors in the brains limbic center compare the odor entering our nose t

56、o odors stored in our memory. Along the way, memories associated with those odors are stimulated. A smell can be overwhelmingly nostalgic because it triggers powerful images and emotions. The waxy fragrance of crayons can instantly transport us to our second-grade classroom, or the scent of freshly

57、mown grass can flood us with the joy of summer freedom. What we see and hear may fade quickly in short-term memory, but what we smell is sent directly to long-term memory.Smells can increase alertness and stimulate learning and retention. In one study, children memorized a word list, which was prese

58、nted both with and without accompanying scents. The children recalled words on the list more easily and with higher accuracy when the list was given with scents than without, showing the link between smell and the ability to retain information. In another study,researchers examined how various smell

59、s can increase alertness and decrease stress. They found that the scent of lavender could wake up the metabolism and make people more alert. They also found that the smell of spiced apples could reduce blood pressure and avert a panic attack in people under stress.1.Why does the author use the term

60、“hard-wired” in describing the sense of smell and the brain?2.Of what significance is the color of the olfactory region at the upper end of each nostril?3.What happens when the cilia of the olfactory receptor cells absorb odor molecules?4. Why does the author mention “crayons” and “freshly mown gras

61、s” in Paragraph5?5.What can be inferred from Paragraph 6 about learning?问题1选项A.To describe the texture and feel of the olfactory nerveB.To emphasize the close connection between smell and the brainC.To compare the power of smell with that of other sensesD.To explain how the sense of smell evolves in

62、 early humans问题2选项A.The color changes with different airborne chemicals.B.The significance of the color is little understood.C.The color becomes darker when an odor is present.D.The color shows the strength of the ability to smell.问题3选项A.The tiny hairs inside the nose become darker in color.B.The nervous system activates the digestive system.C.The olfactory nerve sends impulses to the brain.D.Some receptor cells die and are replaced by new cells.问题4选项A.To give examples of smells that can trigger memories and emotionsB.To compare typical responses to two common smellsC.To explain why s