2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷63

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1、2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题I dont really know how to （ ）the problem.问题1选项A.drawB.dealC.copeD.tackle【答案】D【解析】根据句意可知这里指处理问题，选项A不符合句意；选项B和C后面都需要接介词with，所以只有选项D正确。2. 写作题In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 words on Information Explosion. The essay should be ba

2、sed on the outline below:1.Current situation of information explosion;2.Advantages of information explosion;3.Disadvantages of information explosion;4.Your suggestions.【答案】Information ExplosionIt is known to all that ours is an information era,in which information is available through many channels,

3、such as books, newspapers,magazines,radio and TV stations and the Internet . The rapid increase in the amount of published information and the effects of this abundance of data are known as information explosion. Too much information has inevitably become a heavy burden to some peoples spiritual lif

4、e because they do not know what information to turn to.There is no doubt that information explosion has its advantages. As mentioned earlier, we can get information through many channels. For example, if we want to collect information concerning a well-known product, we can do so by reading newspape

5、rs, magazines, watching TV or surfing the Internet. The greatest advantage of information explosion lies in the convenience it has offered us.However, information explosion has its disadvantages. For instance,newspapers, magazines,radio and TV stations, and the Internet are able to provide us with a

6、 sea of information, faced with which we have great difficulty in selecting information suitable for us.On the basis of the above analysis, it can be concluded that information explosion is a mixed blessing. As far as we are concerned, we must not be nervous in the face of information explosion. Wha

7、t really counts is to learn to filter the information we have got. In other words, we must learn to distinguish true information from false information, differentiate useful information from harmful information.3. 单选题He collects （ ）of all kinds of rocks and minerals.问题1选项A.specimensB.timbersC.serpen

8、tsD.trunks【答案】A【解析】specimens样品, 标本；timber木材；serpent大蛇, 毒蛇；trunk树干。句意:他收集各种岩石和矿物的标本。选项A符合句意。4. 写作题In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 words on The Basic Purpose of College Education. The essay should be based on the outline below:1.Some people believe that colleges an

9、d universities are primarily vehicles for the preservation, development and transmission of our intellectual culture;2.Others argue that colleges and universities should give students what they need to find well-paid jobs;3.Your opinions.【答案】The Purpose of Higher EducationWhat is the purpose of high

10、er education? This is undoubtedly a debatable issue, so people have a mixed response to it.Recently, the educational circle in China has launched a heated discussion concerning the purpose of higher education. According to a recent questionnaire conducted by an educational organization, 45 percent o

11、f teachers and students believe that colleges and universities are primarily vehicles for the preservation, development and transmission of our intellectual culture. They hold the view that the cultural heritages of mankind, whether they are tangible or intangible, should be passed on from generatio

12、n to generation. So teachers and students have their responsibilities and obligations to preserve, develop and transmit our intellectual culture. They should be devoted to achieving this goal on a long-term basis.On the contrary, 55 percent of teachers and students argue that colleges and universiti

13、es should give students what they need to find well-paid jobs. They maintain that institutions of higher learning should cultivate students creativity and working skills while giving them knowledge. With practical skills, they can earn their bread in a highly competitive world. In other words, if th

14、e knowledge students have acquired is not conducive to their job hunting, whats the use of acquiring knowledge?In my opinion, if we laid too much emphasis on the preservation, development and transmission of our intellectual culture, our students would lose their opportunities to cultivate working s

15、kills and thus run the risk of becoming bookworms. If colleges and universities stressed the cultivation of working skills too much, students would be short of intellectual culture. What really counts is keeping a balance between the former and the latter. Its ideal for our students to develop in an

16、 all-round way.5. 单选题You will have to work hard to（ ） the time you lost.问题1选项A.make use ofB.make up forC.make way ofD.make room for【答案】B【解析】make use of 利用；make up for弥补, 补偿；make way for让路, 为.开路；make room for为.腾出空位。句意:你必须努力工作来弥补你失去的时间。选项B符合句意。6. 单选题In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for

17、months before they are fully（ ）. 问题1选项A.admittedB.acknowledgedC.absorbedD.considered【答案】D【解析】句意：在这家工厂，建议往往要等几个月才能得到充分考虑。只有选项D符合句意。7. 单选题This research has attracted wide （ ）coverage and has been featured on BBC televisions Tomorrows World.问题1选项A.messageB.informationC.mediaD.data【答案】C【解析】句意:这项研究吸引了媒体的

18、广泛报道, 并在英国广播公司电视台的明日世界节目中进行了专题报道。选项中只有C选项符合句意。8. 写作题In this part, you are required to write an essay of no less than 200 words on Private Schools in China. The essay should be based on the outline below:1.Their advantages;2.Their disadvantages;3.Your comments.【答案】Private Schools in ChinaIt is known

19、to all that more and more private schools have been set up in our country since 1990s. To a certain degree, those schools are able to make up for the shortage of schools in China. With the advent of more and more private schools, a lot of people show their interest in them. As a result, many student

20、s have been enrolled in these schools.Private schools have many advantages. First of all, they relieve the financial burden of the government. Although the government has kept providing money for establishing pubic schools, it cannot satisfy the increasing demand of public education. Besides, these

21、schools usually provide a better learning environment for students consisting of better facilities and better teaching equipment. Furthermore, the salary of teachers in private schools is normally higher than that in public schools. Therefore, they can attract qualified teachers.As far as I am conce

22、rned, I wont send my child to a private school. For one thing, the teaching quality in private schools in China is generally not as good as that in public schools. For another, the tuition fee in a private school is normally higher than that in a public school. Last but not least, students who gradu

23、ate from private schools are usually discriminated against while seeking their jobs.9. 单选题The uniqueness of the Japanese character is the result of two seemingly contradictory forces: the strength of traditions and the selective receptivity to foreign achievements and inventions. As early as 1860s t

24、here were counter movement to the traditional orientation. One of the famous spokesmen of Japans “Enlightenment” claimed “the Confucian civilization of the East seems to me to lack two things possessed by Western civilization: science in the material sphere and a sense of independence in the spiritu

25、al sphere.” Another break of relative liberalism followed World War I, when the democratic idealism of President Woodrow Wilson had an important impact on Japanese intellectuals and especially students; but more important was the Leninist ideology of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. Again, in the earl

26、y 1930s, nationalism and militarism became dominant.Following the end of World War II, substantial changes were undertaken in Japan to liberate the individual from authoritarian restrains. The new democratic value system was accepted by many teachers, students, intellectuals, and old liberals, but i

27、t was not immediately embraced by the society as a whole. Japanese traditions were dominated by group values, and notions of personal freedom and individual rights were unfamiliar.Today, democratic processes are clearly evident in the widespread participation of the Japanese people in social and pol

28、itical life. School textbooks emphasize equality over hierarchy and rationalism over tradition; but in practice these values are often misinterpreted and distorted, particularly by the youth who translate the individualistic and humanistic goals of democracy into egoistic and materialistic ones.Most

29、 Japanese people have consciously rejected Confucianism, but leftovers of the old order remain. An important feature of relationships in many institutions, including political parties and universities is, the oyabun-kobun or parent-child relation. The corresponding loyalty of the individual to his p

30、atron reinforces his allegiance to the group to which they both belong. A willingness to cooperate with other members of the group and to support without qualification the interests of the group in all its external relations is still a widely respected virtue. The oyabun-kobun creates ladders of mob

31、ility which an individual can ascend, rising as far as abilities permit, so long as he maintains successful personal ties with a superior in the vertical channel, the latter requirement usually taking precedence over a need for exceptional competence. As a consequence, there is little horizontal rel

32、ationship between people with the same profession.1.The spokesman of Japans “Enlightenment” thought that（ ）.2.Which of the following statements about Japans culture is true?3.The relationship of oyabun-kobun can be one between（ ）.4.In the last paragraph, the author implies that （ ）.问题1选项A.the tradit

33、ional culture should be replaced by western modernizationB.Japanese ought to forsake the Confucian civilization of the EastC.the Confucian civilization in Japan should be dominantD.Japan should introduce western civilization问题2选项A.Substantial changes in democratic process have taken place during Wor

34、ld War HB.Nowadays the traditional Confucianism is a necessary part of the society in Japan.C.Today the Confucianism outweighs the democratic value system in universities of Japan.D.The democratic idea was not accepted by the society after World War II.问题3选项A.a shop owner and a customerB.a CEO and a

35、n employeeC.a politician and an opponentD.a judge and a lawyer问题4选项A.respect for authority plays a more important role in promotionB.western values have overwhelmed traditional Japanese attitudesC.colleagues are more closely related to each other than beforeD.most Japanese workers are members of a s

36、ingle party【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第三句“One of the famous spokesmen . in the spiritual sphere.”日本“启蒙运动”的一位著名发言人宣称：“在我看来，东方的儒家文明缺少西方文明所拥有的两样东西：物质领域的科学和精神领域的独立意识。”也就是说，他认为日本应该引进西方文明，选项D符合原文。2.选项A应该是一战后，所以不正确；选项C明显错误;根据第二段第二句“The new democratic . the society as a whole. ”可知选项D属于完全否定，与原文表述

37、不符;根据第四段第一句“Most Japanese people have consciously rejected Confucianism, but leftovers of the old order remain.”大多数日本人都有意识地拒绝儒家思想, 但旧秩序的残余依然存在。也就是说，传统儒学根深蒂固，是日本社会不可或缺的一部分。选项B正确。3.根据第四段最后两句，oyabun-kobun创造了移动的梯子，一个人可以在能力允许的范围内向上攀登，只要他与垂直通道上的上级保持良好的个人关系，后者的要求通常优先于对非凡能力的需要。由此可以推断，oyabun-kobun指的是“上下级之间的关

38、系”，选项中只有B项符合要求。4.根据第四段最后两句，oyabun-kobun创造了移动的梯子，一个人可以在能力允许的范围内向上攀登，只要他与垂直通道上的上级保持良好的个人关系，后者的要求通常优先于对非凡能力的需要。作者其实是在暗示，尊重权威在晋升中扮演着更重要的角色。第2题:第3题:第4题:10. 单选题When the rent was due, the poor man（ ） for more time.问题1选项A.pleadedB.squashedC.exertedD.cursed【答案】A【解析】句意:当房租到期时, 这个可怜的人恳求多给些时间。plead for意为请求, 符合句

39、意, 选项A正确。11. 单选题The world is undergoing tremendous changes. The rise of globalization, both an economic and cultural trend that has swept throughout the world, has forged new ground as we enter the 21st century. But are the effects of globalization always positive? Some say no.Michael Tenet, head of

40、 the International Institute for Foreign Relations in Atlanta, is worried about current resentment throughout the world toward the rise of globalization. “Ever since the 1980s and the economic collapse of the Asian Tigers in the late 1990s, there has been a re-evaluation of the role of globalization

41、 as a force for good,” he said. “Incomes in many countries have declined and the gap between the most rich and the most poor has been aggravated. Without further intervention by governments, we could see a tragedy expressed in an increased level of poverty throughout the Latin America and Asia.”Yet

42、George Frank, an influential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger. “Economic liberalization, increased transparency and market-based reforms have positive effect in the long run, even if market mechanisms can produce short-term destabilization problems,” he said. “What is most imp

43、ortant is that barriers to trade continue to fall so that active competition for consumer goods reduces prices and in turn raises the average level of income.”Others feel that globalizations cultural impact may be more important than its economic implications. Janice Yawed, a native of Africa, feels

44、 strongly that globalization is undermining her local culture and language. “Most of the worlds dialects will become extinct under globalization. Were paving the world with McDonalds and English slang. It tears me up inside,” she said.Governments of different countries have had mixed responses to th

45、e wave of globalization. The United States is generally seen as an active proponent of greater free trade, and it certainly has enormous cultural influence by virtue of its near monopoly on worldwide entertainment. But other countries, most notably in Europe and developing nations, have sought to re

46、duce the impact that globalization has on their domestic affairs.“When I was a boy we had very little to speak of,” says one Singaporean resident. “Now our country has developed into a booming hub for international finance.” Others, however, are not so optimistic. “Globalization is an evil force tha

47、t must be halted,” a union official at a car plant in Detroit recently commented, “Its sucking away jobs and killing the spirit of our country.”1.As for globalization, Michael Tenets attitude to it is most probably to be in（ ） .2.The views of Michael Tenet and George Frank on globalization are quite

48、 （ ）.3.When mentioning Janice Yawed, the author is talking about（ ） .4.According to paragraph 5, different countries consider globalization as （ ）.5.The title which best expresses the main idea of the text would be（ ） .问题1选项A.firm supportB.cautious approvalC.great anxietyD.strong repentance问题2选项A.op

49、timisticB.identicalC.worryingD.contrary问题3选项A.her local culture and languageB.the cultural implications of globalizationC.McDonalds and English slangD.the economic impact of globalization问题4选项A.a mixed blessingB.an evil forceC.an active stimulusD.an intervention in their domestic affairs问题5选项A.Disad

50、vantages of Globalization in Economic AreaB.Peoples Responses to the Impacts of GlobalizationC.Influence of Globalization on the Economy and CultureD.Different Roles of Globalization in the Development of Economy【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:1.根据关键词“Michael Tenet”定位到第二段第一句“Michael Tenet, ., i

51、s worried about current resentment throughout the world toward the rise of globalization.”说明Michael Tenet对全球化的态度是担忧的。选项C正确。2.根据上题可知Michael Tenet对全球化感到担忧，而根据第三段第一句“Yet George Frank, an influential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger.”George Frank却没有察觉到这样的危险。说明两个人的观点态度是截然相反的，所以选项D正

52、确。3.根据关键词“Janice Yawed”定位到第四段第二句“Janice Yawed, a native of Africa, feels strongly that globalization is undermining her local culture and language.”Janice Yawed是非洲土著人，她强烈地感觉到全球化正在破坏当地的文化和语言。作者实际上是在说明全球化对文化的影响，所以选项B正确。4.根据第五段的内容可知，不同国家的政府对全球化浪潮反应不一样。美国被普遍认为是自由贸易的积极支持者，而且几乎垄断了全球的娱乐，具有巨大的文化影响力。但是，其他国家，

53、特别是欧洲和发展中国家， 已经设法减少全球化对其国内事务的影响。也就是说，全球化有利也有弊，所以选项A正确。5.文章第一段首先提出全球化的问题，接下来的几段都是分别阐述人们乃至国家对全球化影响的反应。所以选项B最能概括全文。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:12. 单选题My work with leaders from all walks of life has（ ） me that they were not born leadersthey are made.问题1选项A.advocatedB.impliedC.convincedD.illustrated【答案】C【解析】convince

54、 sb. that .“使某人相信.”。句意:我与各行各业领导人的共事让我相信, 他们不是天生的领导者, 而是后天形成的。选项C正确。13. 单选题Amy was elected chairman of the committee by a（ ）vote.问题1选项A.ambiguousB.synonymousC.simultaneousD.unanimous【答案】D【解析】ambiguous模糊不清的；synonymous同义的； simultaneous同时发生的；unanimous全体一致的。句意:艾米经全体一致投票当选为委员会主席。选项D符合句意。14. 单选题The ship wa

55、s（ ） in a storm off Jamaica.问题1选项A.drownedB.immergedC.wreckedD.submitted【答案】C【解析】drown淹死，溺死；immerge浸入，浸没；wreck失事；submit使服从。句意：这艘船在离开牙买加的时候，在暴风雨中失事了。选项C符合句意。15. 翻译题一本好书就是一位益友。它始终如一，过去如此，现在依然如此，将来也绝不会改变。它是最有耐心、最令人愉悦的朋友。在我们身处逆境、痛苦不堪的时候，它也不会背弃我们。 它总是善意地接待我们，在我们年轻时给我们以快乐和教益，在我们年迈时给我们以安抚和慰藉。书籍的灵魂是不朽的，它们是人

56、类迄今最为持久的结晶。【答案】A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful companion. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness, amusing an

57、d instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age. Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort.16. 单选题It is a question that has vexed philosophers since the Greeks. But it seems we may now have the answer to the beguilingly simpl

58、e question:“Which came first?” Its the egg.This reassuring conclusion was the work of an expert panel（1） a philosopher, geneticist and chicken farmer.“Whether chicken eggs（2） chickens hinges on the nature of chicken eggs,” said panel member and philosopher of science David Papineau at Kings College

59、London.“I would（3） its a chicken egg if it has a chicken in it. If a kangaroo laid an egg （4） which an ostrich hatched, that would surely be an ostrich egg, not a kangaroo egg. By this reasoning, the first chicken did indeed come from a chicken egg, （5） that egg didnt come from chickens.”The oldest

60、recorded （6） to the childish conundrum goes （7） to a collection of essays and discussions by the Greek historian Mestrius Plutarchus, born in 46 AD. In a section （8） “Whether the Hen or the Egg Came First”, he suggested that the question was already well （9） : “The problem about the egg and the hen,

61、 which of them came first, was dragged into our talk, a difficult problem which gives investigators much trouble.”Plutarchus also（10） at the puzzles greater significance:“Sulla my comrade said that with a small problem,as with a tool, we were rocking loose a great and heavy one, that of the （11） of

62、the world.”Whether the panel （12） that debate is not clear, but they were （13） on the correct chicken/egg pecking order. John Brookfield, an evolutionary geneticist at the University of Nottingham said the （14） involves piecing together the speciation event in which chickens first （15） .He imagines

63、two non-chicken parents getting together and giving（16） to the first individual of a new （17） because of a genetic mutation. “The first chicken must have differed from its（18） by some genetic change, perhaps a very （19） one, but one which caused this bird to be the first ever to （20） our criteria for truly being a chicken,” said Professor Brookfield.“Thus the living organism inside the eggshell would have had the same DNA as the chicken that it would develop into, and thus would itself be