考研考博-考博英语-全国医学统考模拟考试题含答案22

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1、考研考博-考博英语-全国医学统考模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题问题1选项A.It can improve peoples moodB.It may cause weight lossC.it can increase the insulin sensitivityD.It may cause abnormal blood sugar问题2选项A.lt can reset the bodys metabolic clockB.It cannot reset the bodys metabolic clackC.lt may reduce the risk of diabetesD.It may i

2、ncrease insulin sensitivity问题3选项A.Emphasize the importance of recovery sleepB.Emphasize the importance of sufficient sleepC.The relationship between sleep and healthD.The effects of cycle of sufficient and insufficient sleep to health【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C【解析】第1题:由文中可知，充足和不充足的睡眠周期会导致体重增加、胰岛素敏感性下降，血糖异常，

3、因此D选项正确。第2题:它不能重置身体的新陈代谢。最后一句说到“The so-called recovery sleep cannot reset the bodys metabolic clock（所谓的恢复性睡眠不能重置身体的新陈代谢时钟）”，因此恢复性睡眠并不能重置身体的新陈代谢。B选项正确。第3题:本篇短文说到的睡眠不足和睡眠充足和健康之间的关系，因此C选项正确。2. 单选题10.问题1选项A.100.B.232.C.132.D.332.【答案】B【解析】M: There are only 100 passengers on this airplane.W: That leaves 1

4、32 empty seats.Q: How many seats are there on this airplane?【解析】计算题。男士说飞机上现有乘客100个，女士说还有132个空位。因此飞机总共可以容纳232个乘客。3. 单选题11.问题1选项A.The chemistry homework is difficult.B.The chemistry homework is fun.C.The math homework is difficult.D.The math homework is fun.【答案】A【解析】M: Catherine, how is the math homew

5、ork coming?W: Thats a piece of cake. But the chemistry homework is really a hard nut to crack.Q: What does the woman mean?【解析】对话中女士说数学作业a piece of cake，即 “小菜一碟”，但是chemistry homework is really a hard nut to crack，即化学作业非常棘手。4. 单选题16-20问题1选项A.He is having a physical checkup.B.He has just undergone an o

6、peration.C.He has just recovered from an illness.D.He will be discharged from the hospital this afternoon.问题2选项A.He got an infection in the lungs.B.He had his gallbladder inflamed.C.He was suffering from influenza.D.He had developed a big kidney stone.问题3选项A.A bit better.B.Terribly awful.C.Couldnt b

7、e better.D.Okay, but a bit weak.问题4选项A.To be confined to a wheelchair.B.To stay indoors for a complete recovery.C.To stay in bed and drink a lot of water.D.To move about and enjoy the sunshine.问题5选项A.From4 p.m.to6 p. m.B.From5 p.m.to7 p. m.C.From6 p. m. to8 p. m.D.From7 p.m. to9 p. m.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第

8、3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】W: Hello.M: Hello!W: So, did you have a comfortable night?M: No, not really.W: Sorry to hear that. And how are you feeling at the moment?M: A bit better.W: You dont feel sick at all?M: No, Im OK.W: Thats good! Are you having sips of water?M: No.W: Would you like some?M: Well, I don

9、t really feel likeW: Ah, you cant drink anything at the moment.M: The nurses have been giving me mouth washes.W: Yes. I think you begin to pick up as the day goes on. And well carry on giving you something to ease the discomfort. Does it hurt much?M: Well, it does when I move about.W: Right. (19) Bu

10、t the sooner we have you on the move, the quicker you start to heal. So well help you sit in the chair this afternoon. Enjoy the sunshine.M: OK, I cant say Im really looking forward to that.W: (17) You have a pretty big gall stone and the Gall bladder was quite inflamed. There was a lot of infection

11、 around it and inside it. (16)Well, its out now. So no need to worry about it. It wont cause you any more trouble.M: Uh.W: Any more questions or anything we can do for you?M: No, I think I m OK. (18) Im feeling a bit of weak at the moment. When will my wife be able to come and see me? The nurses tol

12、d me before, but I cant remember.W: (20) The visiting hours are from 6 to 8 in the evening.M: OK, thank you. Shell be here tonight in that case.W: Fine. Ill stop in to see you tomorrow.M: Thank you.16. Whats true about the man in the conversation?【解析】女士说“Well, its out now. So no need to worry about

13、it. It wont cause you any more trouble”可知，男士得了胆结石，而且胆囊发炎，但现在取出来了，所以是刚经历过手术。故选B。17. What was wrong with the man?【解析】女士说“You have a pretty big gall stone and the gallbladder was quite inflamed”，由此可知，他胆囊发炎了。故选B。18. How is the man feeling now?【解析】男士说“Im feeling a bit of weak at the moment”，由此可知，病人仍旧感到虚弱

14、。19. Whats the man supposed to do according to the doctors orders?【解析】女士说“But the sooner we have you on the move, the quicker you start to heal. So well help you sit in the chair this afternoon. Enjoy the sunshine”可知，男士会四处活动一下。故选D。20. Whats the hospitals visiting hours?【解析】女士“The visiting hours are

15、from 6 to 8 in the evening”可知，探访时间是晚上6点到8点。故选C。5. 单选题The eradication of smallpox inspired the world to eradicate other infectious diseases. This optimism was in vain, as infectious diseases are still a big problem in some parts of the world.问题1选项A.callousB.deliberateC.futileD.negligent【答案】C【解析】【选项释义

16、】A. callous 无情的；麻木的 B. deliberate 故意的；深思熟虑的C. futile 无用的 D. negligent 疏忽的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】第一句句意为：天花的消灭带动全世界其他传染病的消灭。划线短语后句意为：因为传染病在世界一些地区仍然是一个大问题。根据这两句之间的逻辑可知，这种乐观是徒劳的。因此C选项futile“无用的”正确。划线短语in vain“徒劳的，无用的”。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】天花的根除激励了全世界去根除其他传染病。这种乐观是徒劳的，因为传染病在世界一些地区仍然是一个大问题。6.

17、 单选题5.问题1选项A.He is a lawyer.B.He is a doctor.C.He is a travel agent.D.He is an immigration officer.【答案】B【解析】M: Well, tell me about your trouble.W: Two hours after eating, I get pain, and then I feel it.Q: What would the man do?【解析】推断题。对话是医患诊疗的过程，据此推测该男士的职业是医生。7. 单选题26-30问题1选项A.Vegetative patients ar

18、e more aware.B.Vegetative patients retain some control of their eye movement.C.EEG scans may help us communicate with the vegetative patients.D.We usually communicate with the brain-dead people by brain-wave.问题2选项A.The left-hand side of the brain.B.The right-hand side of the brain.C.The central part

19、 of the brain.D.The front part of the brain.问题3选项A.31B.6C.4D.1问题4选项A.The patient was brain-dead.B.The patient wasnt brain-dead.C.The patient had some control over his eye movements.D.The patient knew the movement he or she was making.问题5选项A.The patient is no technically vegetative.B.The patient can

20、communicate in some way.C.We can train the patient of speak.D.The family members and doctors can provide better care.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】(26) Brain wave scanners might make it possible to communicate with people who are considered brain-dead, according to a new study reported in the Eco

21、nomist.A couple of recent studies have shown that a small minority of vegetative patients might be more aware than they seem. Now, Damien Cruse, with the Medical Research Councils Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit in Cambridge, UK, thinks EEG machines will be able to help these patients communicate.

22、The team asked 6 healthy volunteers to wear EEG devices, which connect electrodes to a persons head. They were asked to respond to an audible tone by imagining that they were squeezing their right hands or wiggling the toes of both feet. (27) The researchers found that the volunteers brain responses

23、 were clearly different-the hand-squeezing activated the left-hand side of the brain, and the toe wiggling produced a response in the center of the brain.Then they tested the procedure on a patient with locked-in syndrome, who was almost completely paralyzed but retains some control of his eye movem

24、ents. His brain responses were the same. Finally, (29) they tested the procedure on a patient who had been declared vegetative 2 years earlier. They watched the EEG signals and were able to deduce which movement the patient was imagining.(28) The same team had studied 23 vegetative patients over 4 y

25、ears and found 4 patients were able to consistently respond to yes-or-no questions by changing their brain activity. They were asked to imagine playing tennis when they wanted to give one response, or walking around the house when they wanted to give the other.(30) Since the patients were responsive

26、, theyre not technically vegetative, the researchers say. Proof that they can communicate that theyre not brain-dead would have major implications for family members and doctors decisions about their care.26. What does this talk mainly tell us?【解析】文章提到：脑波扫描可能使得人们与脑死亡病人交流成为可能。故选C。27. For the 6 health

27、y volunteers, which part of the brain did the hand-squeezing imagination activate?【解析】根据文章可知实验结果大为不同：攥拳头激发了大脑的左半部，而动脚趾激发了大脑的中部。故选A。28. Of the 23 vegetative patients, how many were found to be able to consistently respond to yes or-no questions?【解析】原文信息是studied 23 vegetative patients.found 4 patients

28、 were able to consistently respond to yes-or-no questions by changing their brain activity，即参加实验的23个植物人病人中有4个被发现对问题有持续反应。故选C。29. What can we learn from the study on the patient declared vegetative 2 years earlier?【解析】根据文章描述，研究者通过EEG信号观察，那些两年前被诊断为植物人的病人，即可以知道病人在想些什么，证明那些是有大脑活动的，并不是真正的脑死亡。故选B。30. When

29、 EEG signals indicate that a vegetative patient is responsive, which of the following is NOT true?【解析】通过对第26题与第29题的解答，可知A和B选项的表述正确。文章最后提到这一研究结果对于家属和医生护理有很好的的借鉴意义，所以D项正确。文章没有提到C项。8. 单选题5.问题1选项A.In a hotel.B.At a fast food bar.C.In the supermarket.D.In the department store.【答案】C【解析】M: I cant find the

30、instant soup.W: Did you look next to the canned soup?M: I looked there. But there isnt anything on the shelf.W: Why dont you try the spice section? It ought to be there.Q: Where does the conversation probably take place?【解析】推断题。对话中出现的关键词有：instant soup(速溶汤粉)，canned soup(罐装浓汤)，spice section(香料货架)，由此推测

31、对话发生在自选超市。9. 单选题15.问题1选项A.Chemotherapy.B.Radiation.C.Injections.D.Surgery.【答案】C【解析】W: What do you know about treatments of cancer? M: Chemotherapy. But theat makes your hair fall out, doesnt it? W: Yes, there are some unpleasant side-effects. Im not sure we need to consider that at this stage. We sh

32、ould see whether a series of injection will help. Q: What treatment will the man probably receive first? 【解析】对话中女士说要先看看药物注射是否有效，患者的状况还不到进行化疗的程度。10. 单选题He says that constant thirst is an undesirable effect of chemotherapy for which no remedy exists in Western medical practice, but certain herbs do pr

33、ovide relief for such patients.问题1选项A.protectionB.provisionC.theoryD.therapy【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. protection 保护 B. provision 条款C. theory 理论 D. therapy 治疗；疗法【答案】D【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】划线词前的句子意思为“他说，持续的口渴是化疗的不良效果（He says that constant thirst is an undesirable effect of chemotherapy）”，划线词后的句意为“但某些草药确实可以缓解这类患者的症状

34、”，由后半句句意“缓解这类患者的症状”可知西方医学是没有真正能解决化疗的不良效果的方法，即治疗方法，所以D选项“治疗，疗法”符合句意。划线单词remedy“补救措施”。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合句意。【句意】他说，持续的口渴是化疗的不良后果，在西方医学实践中没有任何补救措施，但某些草药确实为这类病人提供缓解。11. 单选题26-30问题1选项A.Eight-year-olds.B.Twelve-year-olds.C.Seventeen-year-olds.D.Adults.问题2选项A.The use off MRI.B.The use of computer tasks.C.Th

35、e three-way division of the subjects.D.The instructions given to the subjects.问题3选项A.12-year-olds respond strongly to negative feedback.B.12-year-olds function the same as 8-year-olds.C.8-year-olds function almost the same as adults.D.12-year-olds function almost the same as adults.问题4选项A.Not bad.B.

36、Excellent.C.Not so good.D.Got it wrong this time.30.问题5选项A.Scientists.B.The general public.C.Teachers at the kindergarten.D.Children with Attention Deficit Disorder【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】Eight-year-old children have a radically different learning strategy from twelve-year-olds and adults.

37、(29) Eight-year-olds learn primarily from positive feedback, whereas negative feedback scarcely causes any alarm bells to ring. (26) Twelve-year-olds are better able to process negative feedback, and use it to learn from their mistakes. Adults do the same, but more efficiently. Dr Eveline Crone and

38、her colleagues from the Leiden Brain and Cognition Lab used fMRI research to compare the brains of three different age groups: children of eight to nine years, children of eleven to twelve years, and adults aged between 18 and 25 years. (27) This three-way division had never been made before; the co

39、mparison is generally made between children and adults. Crone herself was surprised at the outcome: (28) “We had expected that the brains of eight-year-olds would function in exactly the same way as the brains of twelve-year-olds, but maybe not quite so well. Children learn the whole time, so this n

40、ew knowledge can have major consequences for people wanting to teach children: how can you best relay instructions to eight- and twelve-year-olds?” The researchers gave children of both age groups and adults aged 18 to 25 a computer task while they lay in the MRI scanner. The task required them to d

41、iscover rules. If they did this correctly, a tick appeared on the screen, otherwise a cross appeared. MRI scans showed which parts of the brain were activated. These surprising results set Crone thinking. “You start to think less in terms of goodand not so good. Children of eight may well be able to

42、 learn extremely differently, only they do it in a different way.”26. According to the talk, which of the following groups can best learn from their mistakes?【解析】根据录音可知，与8岁左右的孩子比较起来，12 岁的孩子能接受负面反馈并从错误中学习，成年人也会如此，但更有效率(more efficiently)。因此，本题选D。27. What is new about Dr. Crones research?【解析】短文中说： This

43、 three-way division had never been made before，即这种三个层次的分界以前从未有过。因此本题正确答案为C。28. What had Dr. Crone and her colleagues expected?【解析】Crone 博士和同事对结果也是大吃一惊，他们原本认为(had expected)8岁孩子与12岁孩子的大脑工作方式会完全一致，结果却不是。因此本题正确答案为B。.29. Which of the following feedback can best stimulate the eight year-olds to learn?【解析】

44、从录音中可知，8岁的孩子在正面反馈的刺激下会做得更好。这也是他们与12岁孩子不一样的地方。故本题答案为A。30. According to the talk, which group of people would learn and benefit most?【解析】录音中提到，this new knowledge can have major consequences for people wanting to teach children(这种新知识对想教孩子学习的人来讲有重要的意义)。因此本题正确答案为C。12. 单选题21-25问题1选项A.About 10, 000, 000.B.

45、About 1, 000, 000.C.About 100, 000.D.About 10, 000.问题2选项A.A cocktail of vitamins.B.A cocktail of vitamins plus magnesium.C.The combination of vitamins A, C and E.D.E.D.E.D.The combination of minerals23.问题3选项A.The delicate structures of the inner ear.B.The inner ear cells.C.The eardrums.D.The inner e

46、ar ossicles.24.问题4选项A.General Motors (通用汽车公司).B.The United Auto Workers (汽车工会).C.NIH.D.All of above25.问题5选项A.An industrial trial in Spain.B.Military trials (军事审判) in Spain and Sweden.C.Industrial trials in Spain and Sweden.D.A trial involving students at the University of Florida.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B

47、第4题:C第5题:C【解析】(21) About 10 million people in the U.S. alone, from troops returning from war to students with music blasting through headphones are suffering from impairing noise-induced hearing loss. The rise in trend is something that researchers and physicians at the University of Michigan Cresgo

48、 Hearing Research Institute are hoping to reverse, with the cocktail of vitamins and the mineral magnesium (镁) that shall promise as a possible way to prevent hearing loss caused by loud noise. The nutrients were successful in laboratory tests. And now researchers are testing whether humans will ben

49、efit as well. (22) The combination of vitamins A, C and E plus magnesium is given on pill form to patients who are participating in the research. Developed at the UM Cresgo Hearing Research Institute, the medication, called Oral Quell, is designed to be taken before a person is exposed to the loud n

50、oise. Until a decade ago, it was thought that noise damaged hearing by intense mechanical vibrations that destroyed delicate structures of the inner ear. There was no intervention to protect the inner ear other than reducing the intensity of sound reaching it, such as ear plugs which are not always

51、effective. (23) It was then discovered that noise caused intense metabolic activity in the inner ear and production of molecules that damage the inner ear cells. And that allows the discovery of intervention to prevent these effects. (24) The laboratory research that led to a new understanding of me

52、chanisms underlying noise-induced hearing loss was funded by NIH, the Preclinical Translation Research that led to the formulation of Oral Quell as effective preventative was funded by General Motors and the United Auto Workers. Now Oral Quell is being tested in a set of four multinational human cli

53、nical trials: (25) military trials in Sweden and Spain, and industrial trials in Spain and the trial involving students at the University of Florida who listen to music at high volumes on their iPods and other PDAs.21. According to the talk, how many victims of hearing problem are there in the Unite

54、d States alone?【解析】原文一开头便提到：About 10 million people in the U.S. Aloneare suffering from impairing noise-induced hearing loss，即听力受损的大约有1000万人。22. Which did UM Cresgo Hearing Research Institute develop to prevent hearing loss?【解析】原文中说该研究采用的是“combination of vitamins A, C and E plus magnesium”，选项B“维生素和镁

55、的混合药”正确。23. According to the latest findings, what does loud noise damage?【解析】文中提到“It was then discovered that noise caused intense metabolic activity in the inner ear and production of molecules that damage the inner ear cells”，即噪音产生的原子能损害内耳的细胞。24. According to the talk, who supported the lab resea

56、rch?【解析】题目问这一研究由谁支持，文中提到了NIH国家卫生研究所。25. Which of the following is not included as the multinational human clinical trials for Oral Quell?【解析】题目问哪一个不属于多国人类临床试验，只有C选项与原文不一致。13. 单选题3.问题1选项A.She need a physical examination.B.She is in good health.C.Its good to have a doctor friend.D.Its good to visit th

57、e doctor.【答案】C【解析】M: When you need a health checkup, just call me. Its totally free.W: Its great having a doctor around.Q: What does the woman mean?【解析】细节题。男士说需要体检时打个电话给他，免费的。女士回答说身边有个医生很好。14. 单选题21-25问题1选项A.He is a man who has a gene of longevity.B.He is a professor at Boston University.C.He is the

58、 owner of the website T.D.He is the creator of a website on longevity.问题2选项A.Women dont like red meat as much as men.B.The high estrogen level in women makes the differences.C.Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men.D.The incidence of cardiovascular disease is much lower in women.问题

59、3选项A.in their 50s and 60s.B.in their 60s and 70s.C.in their 70s and 80s.D.in their 80s and 90s.问题4选项A.Calcium.B.Lodine (骨关节炎).C.Zinc.D.Iron.问题5选项A.The reason why red meat is harmful to health.B.The reason why vegetarian food is so popular.C.Another possibility for womens longevity.D.The important ro

60、le iron plays in cellular reactions.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】Across the industrialized world, women still live 5 to 10 years longer than men. Among people over 100 years old, 85% are women, (21) according to Tom Perls, founder of the New England Centenarian Study at Boston University and cre

61、ator of the website Living to . T asks him why.Why do women live longer than men?(22)One important reason is the big delayand advantagewomen have over men in terms of cardiovascular disease, like heart attack and stroke. (23) Women develop these problems usually in their 70s and 80s, about 10 years later than menwho develop them in their 50s and 60s. For a long time, doctors thought the difference was due to estrogen. But studies have shown that this may not be the case, and now we