2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷31

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1、2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 翻译题Translate the following into ChineseMembers shall give effect to the provisions of this Agreement. Members may, but shall not be obliged to, implement in their law more extensive protection than is required by this Agreement, provided that such protection does

2、 not contravene the provisions of this Agreement. Members shall be free to determine the appropriate method of implementing the provisions of this Agreement within their own legal system and practice.For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “intellectual property” refers to all categories of int

3、ellectual property that are the subject of Section I through 7 of Part II.Members shall accord the treatment provided for in this Agreement to the nationals of other Members. In respect of the relevant intellectual property right, the national of other Members shall be understood as those natural or

4、 legal persons that would meet the criteria for eligibility for protection provided for in the Paris Convention (1967), the Berne Convention (1971), the Rome Convention and the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits, were all Members of the WTO members of those conventions

5、. Any Member availing itself of the possibilities provided in Paragraph 3 of Article 5 or Paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the Rome Convention shall make a notification as foreseen in those provisions to the Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the “Council for TRIPS”)Crimin

6、al law is distinctive for the uniquely serious potential consequences of failure to abide by its rules. Every crime is composed of criminal elements. An element of a crime (collectively called elements of crime) is a basic set of common law principles regarding criminal liability that, with few exce

7、ptions, constitute the essential elements to prove that the defendant committed a crime under United States law. The jury must be convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant committed each element of the particular crime charged before deciding on a guilty verdict. The component parts tha

8、t make up any particular crime vary depending on the crime. The basic components are mental state (Mens rea), conduct (Actus reus), concurrence and causation. However, the two necessary elements that must coexist for a crime to exist is that the defendant must have committed an act and that act must

9、 have been committed intentionally.【答案】各成员均必须实行本协定中的规定。各成员可以但并无义务，在其法律中实施比本协定要求更广泛的保护，只要此种保护不违反本协定的规定。各成员有权在其各自的法律制度和实践中确定实施本协定规定的适当方法。在本协定中，“知识产权”一词系指属于本协定第二部分第1节至第7节中的所有类别的知识产权。各成员应根据本协定的规定给予其它成员以国民待遇。对于相应的知识产权，其它成员的国民被认为是符合巴黎公约（1967）、伯尔尼公约（1971）、罗马公约和关于集成电路的知识产权条约中所规定的保护资格标准的自然人或法人，即WT0的所有成员似乎都已加

10、入了这些公约。任一运用了罗马公约第五条第3款或第6条第2款规定的可能性的成员，均应根据这些条款的预告，通知“与贸易有关的知识产权理事会（TRIPS理事会）”。刑法因未能遵守其规定导致的无可匹敌的严重潜在后果而是与众不同的。每项罪行由犯罪要素构成。一项罪行的一个要素（共同地被称为犯罪要素）是一套基本的关于刑事责任的普通法法则，而这些法则极少例外地构成了证明被告在美国法律之下犯罪的基本要素。在确定一项有罪裁定之前，陪审团必须无疑地确信被告犯了所被指控的特定罪行的每一个要素。组成任何特定罪行的构成要素依据罪行而变化。基本的要素是心理状态（犯罪意图），行为（犯罪行为），同时发生和起因。然而，对于一项罪

11、行存而必须并存的两个必要要素是被告一定要犯下一个罪行且那个罪行是故意犯下的。2. 单选题It is his （ ）. If the bike is damaged, he must pay.问题1选项A.abilityB.liabilityC.capacityD.capability【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项ability“能力，才能”；B选项liability“责任，债务”；C选项capacity“能力，资格”；D选项capability“能力，性能”。句意：这是他的责任。如果自行车坏了，他必须赔偿。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题One of the attractive feat

12、ures of the course was the way the practical work had been （ ）with the theoretical aspects of the subject.问题1选项A.embracedB.adjustedC.alternatedD.integrated【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项embrace“拥抱”；B选项adjust“调整”；C选项alternate“交替，轮流”；D选项integrate“使完整”。句意：这门课程吸引人的特点之一是实际工作与学科理论方面结合的方法。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题Sleep is very an

13、cient. In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back far as the reptiles.There is some evidence that the two types of sleep, dreaming and dreamless, depend on the life-style of the animal, and that predators are

14、statistically much more likely to dream than prey, which are in turn much more likely to experience dreamless sleep. In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. Dreamless sleep is much shallower, and we have all witnessed castor dogs cocking

15、their ears to a sound when apparently fast asleep. The fact that deep dream sleep is rare among prey today seems clearly to be a product of natural selection, and it makes sense that today, when sleep is highly evolved, the stupid animals are less frequently immobilized by deep sleep than the smart

16、ones. But why should they sleep deeply at all? Why should a state of such deep immobilization ever have evolved?Perhaps one useful hint about the original function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. There is, by and

17、large, no place to hide in the ocean. Could it be that, rather than increasing an animals vulnerability, the function of sleep is to decrease it? Wiles Webb of the University of Florida and Ray Meddis of London University has suggested this to be the case. It is conceivable that animals who are too

18、stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, during periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals. This is an interesting notion and probably at least partly true.1.According to the passage, the phenomenon o

19、f sleep is common to which of the following groups of living beings?2.The author states that during dream sleep, the animal sleeps（ ）.3.The author suggests that, because there are no hiding places in the oceans, whales and dolphins（ ）.4.The author implies that, if they did not sleep, babies of hunti

20、ng animals might（ ）.问题1选项A.All-ancient animals.B.Primates only.C.Four-fooled beasts only.D.Most mammals and birds问题2选项A.without movingB.shallowlyC.intermittentlyD.on its side问题3选项A.sleep only when they are very youngB.cannot afford to sleep very muchC.usually dream while awakeD.take turns sleeping问题

21、4选项A.be more aware of dangerB.make noise at the wrong timesC.fail to grow properlyD.be able to catch more food【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“In the electroencephalographic sense we share it with all the primates and almost all the other mammals and birds: it may extend back far as the

22、reptiles. 脑电图显示，我们和所有的灵长类动物以及几乎所有其他的哺乳动物和鸟类都会睡觉。由此可知，选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段第二句“In dream sleep, the animal is powerfully immobilized and remarkably unresponsive to external stimuli. 在睡梦中，动物被强有力地固定住，对外界刺激毫无反应。”所以选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据关键词“whales and dolphins”定位到第三段首句“Perhaps one useful hint about the origin

23、al function of sleep is to be found in the fact that dolphins and whales and aquatic mammals in general seem to sleep very little. 或许关于睡眠原始功能的一个有力暗示发现了“海豚、鲸鱼和水生哺乳动物似乎总是睡得很少”这一事实。选项B符合原文。4.判断推理题。根据最后一段倒数二三句“It is conceivable that animals who are too stupid to be quiet on their own initiative are, dur

24、ing periods of high risk, immobilized by the implacable arm of sleep. The point seems particularly clear for the young of predatory animals.” 那些由于太笨而本能上不能保持安静的动物，在危险的时刻，会被睡眠这一无法缓和的武器固定住。这一点对于幼小的食肉动物来说似乎特别明显。也就是说，幼小的食肉动物在危险时刻无法保持安静，即在不恰当的时机发出声音，所以选项B符合原文。5. 单选题With the development of international tr

25、ade, an international medium of exchange is required. From the late 1800s until World War I, most countries operated on the gold standard. Gold coins of standard specifications circulated freely between countries, making gold in effect an international currency. This system provided an automatic cor

26、rection for some trade imbalances, but it had little liquidity (the money supply could not expand as rapidly as required by expanding trade), and it was vulnerably to short-term changes in the gold supply.After the financial stability of the 1930s，the international monetary system was re-built follo

27、wing World War II on the gold-exchange standard. The values of most national currencies were fixed in relation to the US dollar, reserves were kept in dollars, which would be exchanged on demand for gold at a set price ($35 an ounce until 1968). The International Monetary Fund, a key institution set

28、 up under this system, makes international loans with capital subscribed by its members, which include most noncommunist states. Voting rights are proportional to the amounts subscribed. The IMF has been able, through its loans, to stabilize fluctuating currencies and to influence the internal finan

29、cial policies of recipient countries, a frequently criticized practice.The success of the gold exchange standard, however, depended on the superior position of the US in world trade. In the 1960s, continual balance payments deficits lowered US gold reserves and fatally undermined the system. In 1968

30、 a two-tiered system was adopted. Government banks maintained a fixed gold price, while none governmental buyers traded freely. Simultaneously, non-dollar special drawing right were assigned to IMF members in proportion to their contributions. But these changes didnt relieve the strain on the US dol

31、lar. In 1971 President Richard Nixon announced that dollars would no longer automatically be exchanged for gold, and since then there has been no single international monetary standard.1.Since World War II the international monetary system has shown an overall trend toward（ ）.2.The reason why the go

32、ld standard had limited liquidity is probable because（ ）.3.The gold-exchange standard differs from the gold standard in that（ ）.问题1选项A.greater centralize control of world trade.B.trying the value of world currencies rather than the value of gold supplyC.increasingly stable currenciesD.substituting s

33、everal different monetary standards for a single unified standard问题2选项A.the money supply could not increase faster than the tradeB.the money supply varied independently of the gold supplyC.it was impossible to convert the currency of one country into that of anotherD.a nations currency could not be

34、freely converted into gold问题3选项A.it does not establish a generally accepted international medium of exchangeB.it establishes no relationship between the value of a given currency and the value of goldC.the relationship it establishes between the value of any currency and whatever the value of gold i

35、s indirect rather than direct.D.it is a two-tiered rather than a single-tiered system.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。结合全文内容可知，原文第一段讲了金本位制下黄金作为国际货币的不足之处；第二段提到国际货币体系取代黄金作为国际货币交换的媒介；再根据第三段最后一句“since then there has been no single international monetary standard. 从那时起，就没有单一的国际货币标准。”也就是说出现了多种货币体系来代替统一的标准，

36、选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“ but it had little liquidity (the money supply could not expand as rapidly as required by expanding trade). 但它几乎没有流动性(货币供应不能像扩大贸易所需要的那样迅速扩张)。”由此可知，选项A符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据第二段第二句“The values of most national currencies were fixed in relation to the US dollar, reserves were kept in

37、dollars, which would be exchanged on demand for gold at a set price. 大多数国家货币的价值与美元挂钩是固定的，外汇储备以美元形式保存，这些美元将在黄金需求时以固定价格兑换。”由此可知，金汇兑本位制区别于金本位制是由于它在任何货币价值和黄金价值之间所建立的关系不是直接的，而是间接的。所以选项C符合原文。6. 翻译题Put the following Chinese into English.网络用户、网络服务提供者利用网络侵害他人民事权益或者利益的，应当承担侵权责任。公法调整和规范自然人、法人和国家之间的关系,它包括行政法规、刑

38、法以及其他涉及公共秩序的法律。合同是当事人之间设立、变更、终民事关系的协议；依法成立的合同，受法律保护。物权的取得和行使，应当遵守法律，尊重社会公德，不得损害公共利益和他人合法权益。人民法院审理案件，对于侵犯著作权或者与著作权有关的权利的，可以没收违法所得、侵权复制品以及进行违法活动的财物。【答案】Network users and network service providers who infringe upon the civil rights or interests of others via network shall bear the tort liability.Public

39、 law adjusts and regulates the relationship among natural persons, legal persons and the state. It includes administrative regulations, criminal laws and other laws related to public order.A contract is an agreement between the parties to establish, change or terminate a civil relationship. A contra

40、ct established in accordance with the law shall be protected by law.The acquisition and exercise of property rights shall abide by the law, respect social morality and not damage public interests and legitimate rights and interests of others.For those cases that infringe on copyright or relative rig

41、hts. Peoples Court can confiscate illegal proceeds, infringing copies and properties for illegal activities when trying a case.7. 单选题The foreign student in China is（ ）with a good deal of Chinese culture.问题1选项A.scatteredB.overflowedC.permeatedD.manipulated【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项scattered“分散的，散乱的”；B选项over

42、flowed“溢出的”；C选项permeated“渗透，弥漫”，be permeated with洋溢着；D选项manipulated“操作”。句意：在中国的外国学生洋溢着大量的中国文化气息。选项C更符合语境。8. 单选题A（ ）examination is one which is in preparation for something.问题1选项A.predominantB.prematureC.perfectibleD.preliminary【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项predominant“卓越的，支配的”；B选项premature“不成熟的”；C选项perfectible

43、“可完成的”；D选项preliminary“初步的，开始的”。句意：初步的测试是为某事做准备的考试。选项D符合句意。9. 单选题Any driver stopped by the police for some minor traffic（ ）can be asked to take test for alcoholic drinking.问题1选项A.violationB.accidentC.congestionD.devastation【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项violation“违反，妨碍”；B选项accident“事故，意外”；C选项congestion“拥挤”；D选项dev

44、astation“毁坏”。句意：任何因轻微交通违规而被警察拦下的司机都可能被要求参加酒精测试。选项A符合语境。10. 单选题Mother told me that the most important thing of choosing a piece of cloth is its （ ）.问题1选项A.styleB.textureC.textileD.content【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项style“风格，类型”；B选项texture“质地，纹理，结构”；C选项textile“纺织品”；D选项content“内容，满足”。句意：母亲告诉我，挑选一块布最重要的是看它的质地。选项B

45、符合句意。11. 单选题The actress（ ）the terms of her contract and was sued by the producer.问题1选项A.isolatedB.signedC.implementedD.violated【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项isolated“使孤立，使分离”；B选项signed“署名，写下”；C选项implemented“实施，执行”；D选项violated“违反”。句意：这位女演员违反了合同条款，被制片人告上了法庭。选项D更符合语境。12. 单选题The phone has rung so often today that i

46、t is become a/an（ ）.问题1选项A.interruptionB.frustrationC.distressD.nuisance【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项interruption “中断，干扰”；B选项frustration“挫折”；C选项distress“危难，不幸”；D选项nuisance“麻烦事”。句意：今天电话响了很多次，真烦人。选项D符合句意。13. 单选题The farmers received a （ ）from the government to grow his crop.问题1选项A.subsidyB.subsidiaryC.subordinate

47、D.successor【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项subsidy“补贴”；B选项subsidiary“辅助者”；C选项subordinate“下属，下级”；D选项successor“继承者”。句意：农民们从政府那里得到了补贴来种植作物。选项A符合句意。14. 单选题His（ ）words reached the effect he wanted and people gave money to help him.问题1选项A.elegantB.eloquentC.evilD.excessive【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项elegant“优雅的”；B选项eloquent“有口才

48、的，有说服力的”；C选项evil“邪恶的”；D选项excessive“极度的，过分的”。句意：他的能言善辩达到了他想要的效果，人们纷纷捐钱来帮助他。选项B符合语境。15. 单选题You should dim your lights in order not to dazzle the（ ） traffic.问题1选项A.meetingB.facingC.advancingD.oncoming【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项meeting“会面，会合”；B选项facing“面朝的，对面的”；C选项advancing“前进的，年长的”；D选项oncoming“接近的，迎面而来的”。句意：为了

49、不使迎面而来的车辆眼花缭乱，你应该把灯调暗。选项D符合语境。16. 单选题I must leave now.（ ）if you want that book I will bring it tomorrow.问题1选项A.OccasionallyB.AccidentallyC.IncidentallyD.Subsequently【答案】C【解析】副词辨析题。A选项Occasionally“偶尔，间或”；B选项Accidentally“意外地，偶然地”；C选项Incidentally“顺便，附带地”；D选项Subsequently“随后，后来”。句意：我必须得离开了。顺便说一句，如果你想要那本书

50、，我明天就带过来。选项C符合语境。17. 单选题His parents gave him many expensive toys as some form of（ ） for his lameness and inability to play active games.问题1选项A.remedyB.compensationC.treatmentD.comfort【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项remedy“补救”；B选项compensation“补偿，报酬”；C选项treatment“治疗，处理”；D选项comfort“安慰，舒适”。句意：他的父母给了他许多昂贵的玩具，作为他跛脚而不能玩

51、活动类游戏的某种补偿。选项B符合句意。18. 单选题If you（ ） your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.问题1选项A.conductB.dismissC.grantD.moderate【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项conduct“组织”；B选项dismiss“解散，解雇；不予理会，不予考虑”；C选项grant“授予”；D选项moderate“节制，减轻”。句意：如果你不考虑自己的需求，你将会有更多的机会获得你想要的。选项B符合句意。19. 单选题It no secret

52、we are a culture consumed by image. Economist have long recognized whats been dubbed the “beauty premium - the idea that pretty people, whatever their aspirations, tend to do better in, well, almost everything. Handsome men earn, on average, 5 percent more than their less-attractive counterparts (go

53、od-looking women earn 4 percent more); pretty people get more attention from teachers, bosses, and mentors; even babies stare longer at good-looking faces (and we stare longer at good-looking babies). A couple of decades ago, when the economy was thriving, we might have brushed off those statistics

54、as superficial. But in 2010, theres a growing bundle of research to show that our bias against the unattractive is more pervasive than ever. And when it comes to the workplace, its looks, not merit, that all too often rule.Newsweek surveyed 202 corporate hiring managers, from human-resources staff t

55、o senior-level vice presidents, as well as 964 members of the public, only to confirm what no qualified (or unqualified) employee wants to admit: from hiring to office politics to promotions, even, looking good is no longer something we can dismiss as frivolous or vain. Fifty-seven percent of hiring

56、 managers said qualified blit unattractive candidates are likely to have a harder time landing a job, while more than half advised spending as much time and money on “making sure they look attractive” as on perfecting a resume. Asked to rank employee attributes in order of importance, meanwhile, man

57、agers placed looks above education: of nine character traits, it came in third, below experience (No.l) and confidence (No.2) but above where a candidate went to school” (No. 4). Does that mean you should drop out of Harvard and invest in a nose job? Probably not. But a state school might be just as

58、 marketable. “This is the new reality of the job market,” says one New York recruiter. “Its better to be average and good-looking than brilliant and unattractive.Todays working women have achieved “equality”: they dominate the workforce, they are household breadwinners, and they balk at having to su

59、bvert their sexuality, whether in the boardroom or on the beach. Yet while the outside-work milieu might accept the empowered yet feminine ideal, the workplace surely does not. Studies show that unattractive women remain at a disadvantage in low-level positions like secretary, while in upper-level f

60、ields that are historically male-dominated, good-looking women can suffer a so-called bimbo effect. They are viewed as too feminine, less intelligent, and less competent not only by men but also by their female peers.1.The “beauty premium” called by economists means that（ ）.2.What have researches in

61、 2010 proved when it comes to workplace?3.What can we learn from the survey conducted by Newsweek?4.What can we learn about todays working women?5.What is “bimbo effect” according to the last paragraph?问题1选项A.beautiful people perform better in their jobB.a good image is very important in landing a j

62、obC.good looks ensure success in almost every aspectD.people should invest money and time to be better looking问题2选项A.it is superficial to attach importance to physical appearance.B.it is common to prefer the attractive and have a bias against the unattractive.C.It is the general rule to value beauti

63、ful looks more than merit.D.It is looks rather than ability that play a critical role.问题3选项A.A perfect resume does not matter in hunting a job.B.Beautiful people tend to be more self-confident.C.Beauty is an advantage for anyone with any education.D.Cosmetic surgery is suggested to make people more competiti