2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷73

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1、2022年考博英语-沈阳药科大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Last years 800-odd events have mushroomed to more than 2,100, and scores of elected and would-be elected officials, including presumptive Democratic presidential nominee John F. Kerry, have gone before the cameras to pay homage to the weeks healthcare theme.Bu

2、t some analysts wonder whether the lawmakers who are rolling out new proposals and recycling old ones are more concerned about scoring political points than finding solutions to the problems generated by a fractured healthcare system.Despite the equally fervent declarations coming from every side th

3、at, as Sen. Olympia J. Snowe (R-Maine) said, “Now is not soon enough to get the job done,” fundamental philosophical differencesas well as the war in Iraq, terrorism fears and the federal budget deficitwill continue to determine what, if anything, comes of all the talk.Across the country, groups fro

4、m the U.S. Chamber of Commerce to the AFL-CIO, from the Southern Baptist Convention to the Islamic Society of North America, have sponsored workshops, town hall meetings and news conferences this week to call attention to the problems caused by rising healthcare costs and shrinking coverageand to de

5、mand government action.But in the nations capital, the policy proposals presented by separate groups of Republican and Democratic lawmakers have almost nothing in common and come wrapped in political invective directed at the other side.For instance, Sen. Gordon Smith said Tuesday the key difference

6、 between the Republicans targeted, tax-based proposals and democratic bills to expand existing government programs was “the choice between superior healthcare for most Americans and finding ways to include the rest of the Americans, or mediocre healthcare for all Americans.”They include previous pro

7、posals, such as malpractice reform and tax credits, as well as a new plan to forgive some student loans for college graduates who invest in tax-free, high-deducible tax savings plans.A study released Monday by the Urban Institute, a social policy research organization in Washington, said that provid

8、ing health insurance to those who lacked coverage would increase medical spending by $48 billion a year.Some analysts think growing public concern about cost, quality and availability of healthcare could force Washington to acteventually.26. Which of the following can be used as the title of the pas

9、sage?27. According to this passage, Americans are facing _.28. The author writes this article in order to _.29. Which of the following is not true according to the passage?30. What do the Americans need most for their healthcare according to this passage?问题1选项A.Healthcare Issues Attract Plenty of Ta

10、lk but Little ActionB.The Republicans Targeted, Tax-Based ProposalsC.Democratic Bills Expand Existing Government ProgramsD.Concerns about Cost, Quality and Availability of Healthcare问题2选项A.providing health insurance to those who lacked coverageB.finding solutions to the problems brought about by a f

11、ractured healthcare systemC.rising healthcare cost but shrinking coverageD.the key difference between the Republicans and the Democrats问题3选项A.arouse public attention to health issuesB.assist the governmentC.express the opinions of the poorD.provide health insurance问题4选项A.Many organizations have spon

12、sored meetings to demand government action.B.Both elected and would-be elected officials are interested in the topic of healthcare.C.Republicans and Democrats have fundamentally different policy proposals.D.Americans welcome the proposals generated by both parties.问题5选项A.Growing public concern about

13、 cost, quality and availability of healthcare.B.Ways to help the nations 44 million uninsured to get health coverage.C.Government action to provide health insurance to those who lacked coverage.D.All the above.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】26. 主旨大意题。题干“下列最适合做本文标题的是哪一项？”首先，本文的主题是“医疗保健问题”，所以标题中应该出现

14、相关字眼，排除B选项“共和党有针对性的基于税收的提案”、C选项“民主党的法案扩大了现有的政府项目”，两者都只是文中的某个细节；文章首段指出大选各方都关注“医疗保健问题”；第2段指出有人担心这些人只是政治做秀而非真正想解决问题；第3-8段展开佐证他们并不是真正想解决问题；最后一段Some analysts think growing public concern about cost, quality and availability of healthcare could force Washington to acteventually.（一些分析人士认为，公众对医疗保健的成本、质量和可用性

15、日益增长的担忧可能会迫使华盛顿最终采取行动。）由此可知，政府对于“医疗保健问题”尚未采取行动来解决。A选项“关于医疗保健问题，说得多做得少”符合原文；D选项“对医疗保健的成本、质量和可用性的关注”，虽然在最后一段提到了，但全文并没有展开介绍公众“对医疗保健的成本、质量和可用性的关注”。因此，本题最佳选项为A。27. 判断推理题。题干“根据文章，美国人正面临_”，要根据全文主旨判断。原文第2段But some analysts wonder whether the lawmakers who are rolling out new proposals and recycling old ones

16、 are more concerned about scoring political points than finding solutions to the problems generated by a fractured healthcare system.（但一些分析人士怀疑，那些推出新提案、重复使用旧提案的议员们，是否更关心的是在政治上得分，而不是为支离破碎的医疗体系带来的问题找到解决方案。）而文章第3-8段展开佐证他们并不是真正想解决问题，而最后一段指出公众对医疗保健的担忧可能会促使政府解决问题。由此可知，采取行动解决支离破碎的医疗体系带来的问题是美国人正面临的问题，B选项“寻找

17、解决医疗保健系统分裂带来的问题的方法”符合原文。A选项“为那些没有医疗保险的人提供医疗保险”，可定位到原文倒数第2段A studysaid that providing health insurance to those who lacked coverage would increase medical spending by $48 billion a year.（一项研究表明，为那些没有医疗保险的人提供医疗保险每年将增加480亿美元的医疗支出。）由此可知，A选项只是某项研究的内容，但这并不是题干所问，排除；D选项“共和党和民主党之间的关键区别”，可定位到原文第6段Sen. Gordon

18、Smith said Tuesday the key difference betweenwas（参议员Gordon Smith周二表示，之间的关键区别是）但是这并不是题干所问的美国人正面临的问题，根据主旨，美国人面临的问题是跟“医疗保健”相关的，排除。干扰选项C“医疗成本上升，但保险覆盖面缩小”，可定位到原文第4段Across the country, groups fromcall attention to the problems caused by rising healthcare costs and shrinking coverageand to demand governmen

19、t action.（在全国范围内，各团体呼吁关注医疗成本上升和覆盖范围缩小所导致的问题，并要求政府采取行动。）由此可知，美国人面临的是“医疗成本上升和覆盖范围缩小所导致的问题”，而非“医疗成本上升，但保险覆盖面缩小”本身，选项表述不够准确。因此，本题最佳选项为B。28. 作者意图题。本文是围绕“医疗保健问题”展开的，文章首段指出大选各方都关注“医疗保健”；第2段指出有人担心这些人只是政治做秀而非真正想解决问题；第3-8段展开说明他们并不是真正想解决问题；最后一段指出一些人认为，公众对医疗保健的成本、质量和可用性日益增长的担忧可能会迫使政府采取行动。由此推断，作者的意图应为引起读者对“医疗保健问

20、题”的关注，从而促使政府采取措施解决问题，A选项“引起公众对健康问题的关注”，表述符合题意。B选项“协助政府”，表述错误，不是为了帮助政府，而是为了解决问题，排除；C选项“表达穷人的意见”，表述错误，文章并未说“医疗保健问题”仅仅是穷人的问题，排除；D选项“提供医疗保险”，表述错误，提供医疗保险并非作者的事，也不会是作者的写作意图，作者能做的是引起大家对问题的关注。因此，本题最佳选项为A。29. 事实细节题。A选项“许多组织已经发起会议要求政府采取行动”，可定位到原文第4段Across the country, groups , have sponsored workshops, town h

21、all meetings and news conferences this week toand to demand government action.（本周，全国各种团体发起了研讨会、市政厅会议和新闻发布会，要求，并要求政府采取行动。）选项表述符合原文；B选项“当选官员和准当选官员都对医疗保健这个话题感兴趣”，可定位到原文第1段scores of elected and would-be elected officials, , have gone before the cameras to pay homage to the weeks healthcare theme.（数十名当选和

22、即将当选的官员在镜头前对本周的医疗保健主题表示敬意。）选项表述符合原文；C选项“共和党和民主党有着本质上不同的政策建议”，可定位到原文第5段the policy proposals presented by separate groups of Republican and Democratic lawmakers have almost nothing in common and.（共和党和民主党议员分别提出的政策建议几乎没有任何共同之处，并且）选项表述符合原文；D选项“美国人欢迎两党提出的建议”，可定位到原文最后一段Some analysts think growing public co

23、ncern about cost, quality and availability of healthcare could force Washington to acteventually.（一些分析人士认为，公众对医疗保健的成本、质量和可用性日益增长的担忧可能会迫使华盛顿最终采取行动。）由此可知，公众对医院保健的很多问题存在担忧，所以，对于两党提出的解决问题的建议应该是不太满意的，选项表述与原文不符。因此，本题最佳选项为D。30. 事实细节题。题干“根据这篇文章，美国人对于医疗保健最需要的是什么？”A选项“公众日益关注医疗保健的成本、质量和可用性”，可定位到原文最后一段Some anal

24、ysts think growing public concern about cost, quality and availability of healthcare could force Washington to acteventually.（一些分析人士认为，公众对医疗保健的成本、质量和可用性日益增长的担忧也许会迫使华盛顿最终采取行动。）由此可知，美国人需要公众日益关注医疗保健的成本、质量和可用性，以促使华盛顿政府真正采取措施解决问题，选项表述符合题意；根据原文第2段But some analysts wonder whether the lawmakersare more conc

25、erned about than finding solutions to the problems generated by a fractured healthcare system.（但一些分析人士怀疑，议员们是否更关心的是，而不是为支离破碎的医疗体系带来的问题寻找解决方案。）由此可知，美国人需要解决的是“支离破碎的医疗系统所带来的许多问题”，而非简单的为没有医疗保险的人提供医疗保险，所以B选项“帮助美国4400万没有保险的人获得医疗保险的方法”（原文并没有提到美国有4400万人没有保险），C选项“政府采取行动为那些没有医疗保险的人提供医疗保险”表述不符合原文，排除；D选项“以上都是”，

26、B、C选项都不对，D选项排除。因此，本题最佳选项为A。2. 单选题Many countries have made it illegal to talk into a hand-held mobile phone while driving. But the latest research provides further confirmation that the danger lies less in what a motorists hands do when he takes a call then in what the conversation does to his brain.

27、 Even using a “hands-free” device can impair a drivers attention to an alarming extent.Melina Kunar of the University of Warwick and Todd Horowitz of the Harvard Medical School ran a series of experiments in which two groups of volunteers had to pay attention and respond to a series of moving tasks

28、on a computer screen that were reckoned equivalent in difficulty to driving. One group was left undistracted while the other had to engage in a conversation about their hobbies using a speakerphone. As Dr. Kunar and Dr. Horowitz report in Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, those who were making the equi

29、valent of a hands-free call had an average reaction time 212 milliseconds slower than those who were not. That, they calculate, would add 5.7 meters to the braking distance of a car traveling at 100 kph. They found that the group using the hands-free kit made 83 percent more errors in their tasks th

30、an those who were not talking.They also explored the effect of simply listening to somethingsuch as a radio program. For this they played a recording of the first chapter of Bram Stokers “Dracula”. Even though the test subjects were told to pay attention because they would be asked questions about t

31、he story afterwards, it had little effect on their reaction time. Dr. Kunar reckons that having to think about responses during a phone conversation competes for the brains resources in a way that listening to a monologue does not. The research led by Frank Drews of the University of Utah suggests t

32、he same thing is true of the idle chatter of a passenger.Punishing people for using hand-held gadgets while driving is difficult enough, even though they can be seen from outside the car. Stopping people making hands-free calls would probably be impossibleespecially because more and more vehicles ar

33、e now being fitted with the necessary equipment as standard. Persuading people to switch their phones off altogether when they get behind the wheel might be the only answer. Who knows, they might even come to enjoy not having to take calls. And theyll be more likely to arrive in one piece.1. Which b

34、ody part is most affected by talking into a cell phone when driving?2. In Kunar and Horowitzs experiment, the subjects who perform tasks while talking _.3. According to Frank Drews, listening to a passenger talking _.4. The law forbidding the use of hand-held phones when driving _.5. The best hope o

35、f stopping people using hands-free phones lies with _.6. The purpose of the passage is to _.问题1选项A.Hands.B.Feet.C.Eyes.D.The brain.问题2选项A.reacted more quickly and made fewer mistakesB.reacted more quickly and made more mistakesC.reacted more slowly and made fewer mistakesD.reacted more slowly and ma

36、de more mistakes问题3选项A.affects drivers more than a phone conversationB.affects drivers more than listening to a storyC.has less effect on the drivers than a phone conversationD.has less effect on the drivers than listening to a story问题4选项A.is necessary and feasibleB.has been frequently brokenC.will

37、arouse heated debateD.has been widely observed问题5选项A.the lawmakersB.car manufacturersC.drivers themselvesD.new technology6. The purpose of the passage is to _.问题6选项A.inform people of the danger of using phones while drivingB.call on lawmakers to make new laws on the use of cell phonesC.offer suggest

38、ions for drivers who use cell phone while drivingD.weigh the benefits and harms of using phones while driving【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C第6题:A【解析】1. 【选项释义】Which body part is most affected by talking into a cell phone when driving? 身体的哪个部位受开车时对着手机说话的影响最大？A. Hands. A. 手B. Feet. B. 脚C. Eyes. C. 眼睛D. T

39、he brain. D. 大脑【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词talking into a cell phone when driving定位到原文第一段第二句，这句话讲到“最新的研究（the latest research）进一步证实，危险不在于司机打电话时手的动作，而在于谈话对大脑（his brain）的影响”，由此可知开车时打电话对大脑的影响最大，D选项“大脑”正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“手”，原文虽然提到了手的影响，但是对大脑的影响更大，该选项属于本末倒置；B选项“脚”，原文并未提及，属于无中生有；C选项“眼睛”，原文并未提及，属于无中生有。2. 【选项释义】In Ku

40、nar and Horowitzs experiment, the subjects who perform tasks while talking _. 在Kunar和Horowitz的实验中，做任务时说话的实验对象_。A. reacted more quickly and made fewer mistakes A. 反应更快，犯的错误更少B. reacted more quickly and made more mistakes B. 反应更快，犯的错误更多C. reacted more slowly and made fewer mistakes C. 反应更慢，犯的错误更少D. re

41、acted more slowly and made more mistakes D. 反应更慢，犯的错误更多【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Kunar and Horowitzs experiment定位到原文第2段。本段介绍两人的实验，第3句说到“那些拨打相当于免手电话的人的平均反应时间比没有接听电话的人慢212毫秒（212 milliseconds slower than those who were not）”，由此可知，做任务时说话的人反应更慢；本段最后一句说到“他们发现使用免提工具的小组比不说话的小组多出83%的错误（made 83 percent more err

42、ors）”，由此可知，做任务时说话的人犯的错误更多，综上所述，D选项“反应更慢，犯的错误更多”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均与原文不符，属于曲解原文。3. 【选项释义】According to Frank Drews, listening to a passenger talking _. 根据Frank Drews的观点，听乘客讲话_。A. affects drivers more than a phone conversation A. 比电话交谈对司机的影响更大B. affects drivers more than listening to a story B. 比听故事对司

43、机的影响更大C. has less effect on the drivers than a phone conversation C. 比电话交谈对司机的影响更小D. has less effect on the drivers than listening to a story D. 比听故事对司机的影响更小【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干关键词Frank Drews定位到原文第3段最后一句，这句话说“Frank Drews的研究表明，乘客的闲聊也是如此（the same）。”据此，往前定位文中介绍的前一个实验的实验结论。前一句说到“Kunar博士认为，电话交谈时，思考对方的反应

44、会竞争大脑资源（competes for the brains resources），而听一段独白则不会（listening to a monologue does not）”，由此可知，该实验的结论是，听一段独白对大脑的影响比电话交谈小。而Frank Drews认为乘客的闲聊也是如此，即乘客的闲聊对司机的影响也比电话交谈小，C选项“比电话交谈对司机的影响更小”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“比电话交谈对司机的影响更大”，与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；B选项“比听故事对司机的影响更大”，原文并未有“听故事”和“与乘客闲聊”两者之间的比较，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“比听故事对司机的影响更小”，

45、原文并未有“听故事”和“与乘客闲聊”两者之间的比较，该选项属于无中生有。4. 【选项释义】The law forbidding the use of hand-held phones when driving _. 法律禁止在开车时使用手持电话_。A. is necessary and feasible A. 是必要和可行的B. has been frequently broken B. 经常被违反C. will arouse heated debate C. 将引起激烈的争论D. has been widely observed D. 已经被广泛遵守【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干

46、关键词forbidding the use of hand-held phones when driving定位到原文最后一段。本段第一句说到“惩罚那些在开车时使用手持设备的人已经够困难的了（difficult enough），即使他们可以从车外看到。”由此可知，即使警察看到开车的司机用手持设备打电话，惩罚他们也很困难，说明这种现象很常见。本文第一句说到“许多国家已经规定开车时对着手持手机打电话是违法的（illegal）。”综上，B选项“禁止在开车时使用手持电话的法律经常被违反”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“是必要和可行的”，原文说惩罚那些违反该法律的人很困难，说明这个法律实行很困难，并不可

47、行，选项表述错误，属于曲解原文；C选项“将引起激烈的争论”，原文并没有相关表述，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“已经被广泛遵守”，与原文表述相反，属于反向干扰。5. 【选项释义】The best hope of stopping people using hands-free phones lies with _. 阻止人们使用免提电话的最大希望在于_。A. the lawmakers A. 法律制定者B. car manufacturers B. 汽车工厂C. drivers themselves C. 司机自己D. new technology D. 新的技术【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】

48、根据题干关键词stopping people using hands-free phones定位到原文最后一段。本段倒数第2句说到“唯一的解决办法（the only answer）可能是说服人们在开车时关掉手机（Persuading people to switch their phones off）。”由此可知，阻止人们使用免提电话的最大希望在于说服司机自己关掉手机，C选项“司机自己”表述正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“法律制定者”，关于禁止使用手持电话的法律都很难实行，靠法律制定者制定法律阻止使用免提电话也不可行。B选项“汽车工厂”，原文最后一段第2句说到“现在越来越多的车辆配备了使用免提电话

49、必要的设备（fitted with the necessary equipment）”，因此，汽车工厂是支持使用免提设备的。D选项“新的技术”，原文并未提及，属于无中生有。6. 【选项释义】The purpose of the passage is to _. 本文的目的是为了_。A. inform people of the danger of using phones while driving A. 告知人们开车时使用手机的危险B. call on lawmakers to make new laws on the use of cell phones B. 呼吁立法者制定关于使用手机的

50、新法律C. offer suggestions for drivers who use cell phone while driving C. 为开车时使用手机的司机提供建议D. weigh the benefits and harms of using phones while driving D. 权衡开车时使用手机的好处和坏处【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】本文一共4段，第一段提出观点“打电话影响司机的大脑，开车时打电话，即使是免提电话也很危险”；第2-3段分别介绍两个实验证明打电话对司机大脑的影响；第4段说让司机开车时不打电话只能靠司机自己。本文主体1-3段都在说开车时打电话很危险，

51、因此，本文的目的是A选项“告知人们开车时使用手机的危险”。【干扰项排除】B选项“呼吁立法者制定关于使用手机的新法律”，最后一段提到用法律解决这个问题很困难，几乎不可能，所以作者的目的不会是呼吁立法者制定相关法律，属于曲解原文；C选项“为开车时使用手机的司机提供建议”，本文并未涉及提建议的内容，该选项不是本文的目的，属于无中生有；D选项“权衡开车时使用手机的好处和坏处”，本文只提到了坏处，没有提到好处，所以本文的目的不是权衡利弊，该选项属于曲解原文。3. 单选题Hardly a week goes by without some advance in technology that would

52、have seemed incredible 50 years ago.问题1选项A.hard to imagineB.hard to believeC.hard to inventD.hard to understand【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. hard to imagine 难以想象的 B. hard to believe 难以相信C. hard to invent 难以发明的 D. hard to understand 难以理解的【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】原句中incredible用来形容的是“几乎每周都有技术上的进步”，根据常理来说，这在50年前是可能做到的，所以难以让人

53、相信，原词incredible“难以置信的”，因此，B选项hard to believe“难以相信的”与原词最接近。【干扰项排除】A选项hard to imagine“难以想象的”，与原词词义不够相近；C选项hard to invent“难以发明的”，不符合原文语义；D选项hard to understand“难以理解的”，与原词词义不够相近。【句意】几乎每周都有一些技术进步，这在50年前似乎是不可思议的。4. 翻译题我的英语有多好？对任何学习英语的人来说是最重要的一个问题。知道这个问题的答案不仅有助于树立信心，而且如果你想取得更多的进步，知道这个答案是有用的，因为一旦知道已经达到一个水平，你

54、就会向下一个水平进军。考试在学习过程中发挥另外一个重要的作用考试证明学习者在一种语言中是否熟练。通过语言考试远不只是激励了自己在语言方面的自尊心。如果你想到英国国家去念大学，或者你想找一份需要英语技能的工作的话，通过语言考试那就至关重要了。【答案】How good is my English? It is the most important question for anyone learning English. Knowing the answer to this question builds your confidence. Moreover, its useful if you w

55、ant to make more progress, because once you know youve reached one level, youll move on to the next. Another important role tests play in the learning process isthey prove a learners proficiency in a language. Passing a language test is much more than a boost to ones self-esteem in learning a langua

56、ge. It is vital for you to pass a language test if you want to go to university in the UK, or if you want to get a job requiring English skills.5. 单选题For much of the world, the death of Richard Nixon was the end of a complex public life. But researchers who study bereavement wondered if it didnt als

57、o signify the end of a private grief. Had the former president merely run his fourscore and one, or had he fallen victim to a pattern that seems to afflict longtime married couples; one spouse quickly following the other to the grave?Pat, Nixons wife of 53, died last June after a long illness. No on

58、e knows for sure whether her death contributed to his. After all, he was elderly and had a history of serious heart disease. Researchers have long observed that the death of the spouse particularly a wife is sometimes followed by the untimely death of the grieving survivor. Historian Will Durant die

59、d 13 days after his wife and collaborator, Ariel; Buckminster Fuller and his wife died just 36 hours apart. Is this more than coincidence?“Part of the story, I suspect, is that we men are so used to ladies feeling us and taking care of us,” says Knul Helsing, an epidemiologist at the John Hopkins Sc

60、hool of Public Health, “that when we lose a wife we go to pieces. We dont know how to take care of ourselves.” In one of the several studies Helsing has conducted on bereavement, he found that widowers who remarried enjoyed the same lower mortality rates as men whod never been widowed.Womens health

61、and resilience may also suffer after the loss of a spouse. In a 1987 study of widows, researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles, and UC, San Diego, found that they had a dramatic decline in levels of important immune-system cells that fight off disease. Earlier studies showed reduce

62、d immunity in widowers.For both men and women, the stress of losing a spouse can have a profound effect. “All sorts of potentially harmful medical problems can be worsened,” says Gerald Davision, professor of psychology at the University of Southern California. People with high blood pressure, for e

63、xample, may see it rise. In Nixons case, Davision speculates, “the stroke, although not caused directly by the stress, was probably hastened by it.” Depression can affect the surviving spouses will to live; suicide rates are elevated in the bereaved, along with accidents not involving cars.Involveme

64、nt in life helps prolong it. “Mortality,” says Duke University psychiatrist Daniel Blazer, “is higher in older people without a good social-support system, who dont feel theyre part of a group or a family, that they fit in somewhere. And thats more common problem for men, who tend not to have as many close friendship as women.” “The sudden absence of routin