考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学模拟考试题含答案13

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1、考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Humble （ ）it may be, theres no place like home, （ ）her may go.问题1选项A.like, whenB.as, whereverC.although, whereD.which, wherever【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句。as引导让步状语从句必须进行倒装，此处将表语humble提前；wherever意为“无论哪儿”，引导地点状语从句。句意：尽管家很简陋，但无论她去哪儿，没有一个地方可以和家相提并论。2. 单选题How we look and how we appear t

2、o others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should

3、 dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in

4、 the same way as lie used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friend think we are odd or dull.What cause fashions to change? So

5、metimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression i

6、n the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt w

7、as in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do our hair the way you like or do your hair the way you like instead of th

8、e way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances, and then we must choose our clothes carefully

9、. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion p

10、hoto. Look around, you and youll see that no else does either!1.The author thinks that people are （ ）.2.Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to（ ）.3.Causes of fashions are（ ）.4.Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes（ ）.5.Which is the main idea of t

11、he last paragraph?问题1选项A.satisfied with their appearanceB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.personal dressC.individual hair styleD.personal future问题3选项A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplic

12、able问题4选项A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality问题5选项A.Care about appearance in formal situations.B.Fashion in formal and informal situations.C.Ignoring appearance in informal situations.D.Ignoring appearance in all situations.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中How we look

13、 and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life.（当我们十几岁或二十出头的时候，我们的外表和我们对别人的表现可能比我们生命中的任何时候都更让我们担心）排除A、B选项；由第一段中Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fa

14、shion.（我们中很少有人满足于接受我们自己的现状，很少有足够的勇气来忽略时尚的趋势）可知C选项“远远没有忽视时尚的东西”正确。第2题:细节事实题。由题干关键字magazines and TV定位到文章第二段中Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people wit

15、h confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. 可知时尚杂志和电视广告把时尚与自信联系在一起，因此选A。第3题:推理判断题。由题干关键字cause定位到文章第三段中Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. 可知造成时尚变化的原因是有很多种，因此选B。第4题:推理判断题。由题干关键字freer and

16、 easier定位到文章第五段中Within reason, you can dress as you like or do our hair the way you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion.（出于某种原因，你可以用你喜欢的方式来装束，也可以用你喜欢的方式，或者用你喜欢的方式对待你的头发，而不是你所应该的方式，因为它是时尚）可知当今社会更尊重个人选择，强调个性，因此选D。第5题:主旨大意题。由文章最后一段第一句At the same

17、 time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances, and then we must choose our clothes carefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，所以我们必须谨慎地选择我们的衣服）以及后面作者的举例，可知在正式场合下需要注意着装，因此选A。3. 单选题Poor conditions, bad housing, unemployment and racism take their（ ）on black peoples mental health.问题1选项A.riskB.harmC.tol

18、lD.chance【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。risk意为“危险，冒险”；harm意为“损害，伤害”；toll意为“（道路、桥梁的）通行费，（战争、灾难等造成的）毁坏”；chance意为“机会，机遇”。句意：不好的条件、恶劣的住房、失业和种族主义对黑人的精神健康有伤害。4. 单选题By （ ）all of the more difficult questions by the press, the mayor aroused suspicion that he was not well informed in the issues.问题1选项A.avoidingB.consideringC

19、.answeringD.requesting【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。avoid意为“避免”；consider意为“考虑”；answer意为“答复”；request意为“要求”。句意：通过回避媒体提出的所有更棘手的问题，市长引起了人们的怀疑，人们认为他不了解这个问题。5. 单选题Of all the components of a good nights sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and

20、 dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and rears, by the late 1970s. neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just mental noise the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on

21、 during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat regulating moods while the brain is off-line And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sle

22、ep and feel better, its your dream says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicagos Medical Center. If you dont like it, change it.Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep-when most vivid dreams occur-as it is when fully aw

23、ake, says Dr, Eric NofZinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved, the limbic system (the emotional brain) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet, We wake up from dreams happy of de

24、pressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwrights clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening

25、, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we dont always think about the emotional significance of the days events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconsc

26、ious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream, visualize how you would like it to end instead, the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice peo

27、ple can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, theres probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of we wake up in a panic”. Cartwright says Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increase

28、d peoples anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings, sleep-or rather dream-on it and youll feel better in the morning.1.Researchers have come to believe that dreams（ ）.2.By referri

29、ng to the limbic system, the author intends to show（ ）.3.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to（ ）.4.Cartwright seems to suggest that（ ）.5.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have had dreams?问题1选项A.can be modified in their coursesB.are susceptible to emotional ch

30、angesC.reflect our innermost desires and fearsD.are a random outcome of neural repairs问题2选项A.its function in our dreamsB.the mechanism of REM sleepC.the relation of dreams to emotionsD.its difference from the prefrontal cortex问题3选项A.aggravate in our unconscious mind.B.develop into happy dreams.C.per

31、sist till the time we fall asleep.D.show up in dreams early at night.问题4选项A.waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreamsB.visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under con trollC.dreams should be left to their natural progressionD.dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious问题5

32、选项A.Lead your life as usual.B.Seek professional help.C.Exercise conscious control.D.Avoid anxiety in the daytime.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious

33、 control, to help us sleep and feel better.（一位权威人士说，这些强大的精神事件不仅可以被利用，而且实际上可以在有意识的控制下，帮助我们睡眠和感觉更好）its your dream says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicagos Medical Center. If you dont like it, change it.可知选A。第2题:推理判断题。由文章第二段中the limbic system (the emotional brain) is especially active,

34、 while the prefrontal cortex is relatively quiet, We wake up from dreams happy of depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day 可知边缘系统（“情感大脑”）特别活跃，梦里的感觉会影响一天的情绪，因此选C，作者是为了说明梦与情绪的关系。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones

35、before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.（大多数人在晚上入睡的较早阶段做更多不好的梦，在快醒来之前，会逐渐做一些更开心的梦，这意味着他们在克服白天产生的负面情绪）因此选D。第4题:细节事实题。由文章第四段中And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over r

36、ecurring bad dreams.（而该过程不一定是无意识的。Cartwright认为人们练习有意识地控制反复出现的恶梦）可知D选项“做梦可能并不完全属于无意识”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中theres probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping of we wake up in a panic”可知只要梦不使我们无法入睡或从梦中惊醒，就几乎没有理由关注我们做的梦，因此对有时做梦的人来说，像以往正常的生活就行，故选A。6. 单

37、选题Women bosses are viewed as less qualified and capable than their male （ ）according to a study.问题1选项A.equivalentsB.counterpartsC.peersD.substitutes【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。equivalent意为“同等物”；counterpart意为“职位(或作用)相当的人”；peer意为“同龄人”；substitute意为“替代物”。句意：根据一项研究，女性老板被认为不如男性老板合格、有能力。7. 单选题One effect of the （ ）econ

38、omy of 2009 on state and local governments is a decrease in income, sales, and property tax revenues.问题1选项A.prosperousB.sluggishC.substantialD.pervasive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。prosperous意为“繁荣的，兴旺的”；sluggish意为“缓慢的，迟缓的”；substantial意为“大量的，重大的”；pervasive意为“遍布的，普遍的”。句意：2009年经济发展缓慢对国家和地方政府的影响是收入、销售和财产税收入的减少。8. 单

39、选题He wrote the book in （ ）with his wife.问题1选项A.proportionB.installmentC.correspondenceD.collaboration【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。proportion意为“比例，份额”；installment意为“装置，分期付款”；correspondence意为“一致，符合”；collaboration意为“合作，协作”。句意：他和他的妻子合作写了这本书。9. 单选题The waters were rising about the rock and would soon（ ）it.问题1选项A.flood

40、B.submergeC.underrateD.yield【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。flood意为“淹没，泛滥”，指淹没大片区域；submerge意为“浸没，淹没”，指淹没某个物体；underrate意为“过低评价，低估”；yield意为“屈服，投降”。句意：水在岩石周围上升，很快就会淹没它。10. 单选题Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no succe

41、ss but was attracted by the sites “personal search agent”. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property, and Washingto

42、n, D, C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. I struck gold says Redmon, who e-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can be time-consuming an

43、d inefficient, Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: Every time you answer a question you eliminate a possibility, says one expert.Fo

44、r any job search, you should start with a narrow concept what you think you want to do- then broaden it. None of these programs do that says another expert. theres no career counseling implicit in all of this. Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of

45、 jobs in a particular database, when you get e-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.I would not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest me, says the author of a job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters t

46、o return. When Career Sites agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them and they do.

47、 On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our traffic, says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for Career Site. Even those who arent hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather in

48、formation on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at Career Builder, You always keep your eyes open, he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.1.How did Redmon find

49、his job?2.Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?3.The expression tip service (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means（ ）.4.Why does Career Sites agent offer each job hunter only three job options?5.Which of the following is true according to the text?问题1选项A.By searching open

50、ings in a job database.B.By posting a matching position in a database.C.By using a special service of a database.D.By e-mailing his resume to a database.问题2选项A.Lack of counseling.B.Limited number of visits.C.Lower efficiency.D.Fewer successful matches.问题3选项A.advisoryB.compensationC.interactionD.remi

51、nder问题4选项A.To focus on better job matches.B.To attract more returning visits.C.To reserve space for more messages.D.To increase the rate of success.问题5选项A.Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.B.Some sites keep e-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.C.Personal search agents a

52、re also helpful to those already employed.D.Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中a job database on the Internet.“personal search agent”. Its an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as locati

53、on, title, and salary then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.可知Redmon是通过使用数据库的特殊服务找到工作的，因此选C。第2题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中theres no career counseling implicit in all of this（所有这些都没有隐含的职业咨询）可知选A。第3题:词义题。advisory意为“咨询，劝告”；compensation意为“补偿，赔偿”；interaction意为“互动”；reminder意为“提示”。由文章第四段中

54、Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database, when you get e-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again.（相反，最好的策略是使用代理作为一种“tip service”，以随时了解特定数据库中的工作，当你收到电子邮件时，把它当成一个提示，该再次检查数据库了）可知D选项符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中So

55、me sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return.（一些网站设计他们的代理来吸引求职者返回）When Career Sites agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs those it considers the best matches. 可知选B。第5题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Even those who arent

56、 hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed.可知非求职人员可以利用搜索代理来关注对他们工作岗位的需求以及薪资，这对他们也是有用的，因此选C。11. 单选题The old

57、 lady has developed a （ ）cough which cannot be cured completely in a short time.问题1选项A.perpetualB.permanentC.chronicD.sustained【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。perpetual意为“永久地”；permanent意为“永恒的，不变的”；chronic意为“慢性的”；sustained意为“持久的，持续的”。句意：这位老太太得了一种慢性咳嗽，不能在短时间内彻底治愈。12. 单选题More and more educators in the U.S. are lookin

58、g for global opportunities to offer them the career and salary they need along with the （ ）of being an educator.问题1选项A.allusionB.temptationC.fulfillmentD.prosperity【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。allusion意为“典故，暗指”；temptation意为“诱惑，引诱”；fulfillment意为“完成，满足，实现”；prosperity意为“繁荣”。句意：越来越多的美国教育工作者正在寻找全球性的机会，为他们提供他们所需要的职业和薪

59、水，以及作为一名教育家的成就感。13. 单选题The express train from London （ ）on time.问题1选项A.pulled upB.pulled overC.pulled inD.pulled through【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。pull up意为“拔起，阻止”；pull over意为“靠边停车”；pull in意为“吸引，进站”；pull through意为“恢复健康，度过难关”。句意：从伦敦开出的快车准时进站。14. 单选题As educational levels rise and information technology accelerat

60、es, the distinction between managers and workers will （ ）and management knowledge will be everyones responsibility.问题1选项A.fade awayB.pass awayC.slip awayD.wash away【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。fade away意为“消失，衰弱”；pass away意为“（时间等）消磨掉”；slip away意为“悄没声息地溜走”；wash away意为“冲走，清洗”。句意：随着教育水平的提高和信息技术的加速，“管理者”与“员工”之间的区别将逐渐

61、消失，管理知识将是每个人的责任。15. 单选题In selecting a material the engineers interest is in its properties which determine how it will perform under the loads and condition（ ） it is subject.问题1选项A.whereB.whichC.in whichD.to which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。由固定搭配“be subject to”可知此处将介词提前，因此选D。句意：在选择材料时，工程师感兴趣的是材料在遭受负荷或者某种状况时所表现出

62、来的特性。16. 单选题In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror or the glass in the roof of a greenhouse which allows the suns rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather experts prediction, the atmosphere will be 3C warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming-up took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level