2022-2023年考博英语-西南科技大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第27期

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1、2022-2023年考博英语-西南科技大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题It is imperative that the government（ ）more investment into the shipbuilding industry.问题1选项A.attractsB.shall attractC.attractD.has to attract【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。在it is+表示要求，建议，必要，命令意思的形容词或分词+主语从句的结构中。句子使用虚拟语气。其结构是“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，imperative表示“必要的，不可避免的”。句意：

2、吸引更多的投资到造船业是势在必行的。因此,本题的正确答案是C选项。2. 写作题Write on the ANSWER SHEET a composition of at least 200 words based on the topic “Tradition and Innovation”.You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide reasons or your experiences to sup

3、port your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.【答案】There is a vivid saying which says “If tradition can be likened to the roots and trunk of a tree, innovation is its leaves and fruits.” I quite applaud this simile. From my perspective, trad

4、ition and innovation are doomed to coexist perpetually.First and foremost, tradition is a solid foundation for innovation, with abundant nutrition we can absorb, such as scientific experiment approaches and science spirits. Secondly, its the drawbacks of tradition in certain fields that give rise to

5、 inspiration and momentum to innovate. For instance, Thomas Edison, who caught the sight of the inconvenience of traditional gas light, conducted experiments and eventually invented light bulb. On the contrary, innovation will certainly fight against tradition. When an innovation satisfies peoples e

6、xpectation, it can gain popularity and finally make itself a new element in tradition, which will be held in high esteem.In a word, tradition and innovation can never be separated. At the very time, with the ever-increasing speed of innovation, a diversity of newly-born technology and hi-tech produc

7、ts penetrate our daily life. Im convinced that wed better be absolutely conscious of our roottradition and give priority to it. Only when we gain a thorough comprehension of it can we accomplish magnificent innovation and exert positive effect on our society as a whole.3. 单选题If it（ ）tomorrow, the ma

8、tch would be put off.问题1选项A.were to rainB.was to rainC.was rainingD.had rained【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。If引导条件状语从句，句子用虚拟语气。对将来情况的虚拟，主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形，从句用if+主语+did/were to do/should do，所以本题应该选A选项“were to rain”，正确。4. 单选题The essential weakness of the old and traditional education was not just that

9、 it emphasized the necessity for provision of definite subject-matter and activities. These things are necessities for anything that can rightly be called education. The weakness and evil was that the imagination of educators did not go beyond provision of a fixed and rigid environment of subject-ma

10、tter, one drawn moreover from sources altogether too remote from the experiences of the pupil. What is needed in the new education is more attention, not less, to subject-matter and to progress in technique. But when I say more I do not mean more in quantity of the same old kind. I mean an imaginati

11、ve vision which sees that no prescribed and ready-made scheme can possibly determine the exact subject-matter that will best promote the educative growth of every individual young person; that even new individual sets a new problem; that he calls for at least a somewhat different emphasis in subject

12、-matter presented. There is nothing more blindly stupid than the convention which supposes that the matter actually contained in textbooks of arithmetic, history, geography, etc., is just what will further the educational development of all children.But withdrawal from the hard and fast and narrow c

13、ontents of the old curriculum is only the negative side of the matter. If we do not go far in the positive direction of providing a body of subject-matter much richer, more varied and flexible, and also in truth more definite, judged in terms of the experience of those being educated, than tradition

14、al education supplied, we shall tend to leave an educational vacuum in which anything may happen. Complete isolation is impossible in nature. The young live in some environment whether we intend it or not, and this environment is constantly interacting with what children and youth bring to it, and t

15、he result is the shaping of their interests, minds and charactereither educatively or mis-educatively. If the professed educator gives up his responsibility for judging and selecting the kind of environment that his best understanding leads him to think will be contributive to growth, then the young

16、 are left at the mercy of all the unorganized and casual forces of the modern social environment that inevitably play upon them as long as they live. In the educative environment the knowledge, judgment and experience of the teacher is a greater, not a smaller factor, than it is in the traditional s

17、chool. The difference is that the teacher operates not as a judge set on high and marked by arbitrary authority but as a friendly co-partner and guide in a common enterprise.1. In the authors view, the basic fault of old education consists in（ ）.2. The author agitates reforms in the（ ）.3. It seems t

18、hat new educationalists favor（ ）.4. There will be the risk of forming an educational blank if（ ）.5. Pupils may be well guarded against ill social influences as long as（ ）.问题1选项A.the inadequate supply of specific subjects and programsB.the poor imaginative capacities of educatorsC.providing inflexibl

19、e educational conditionsD.making pupils read textbooks with outdated content问题2选项A.old subject-matter to follow technological advancesB.stale teaching materials and teaching methodsC.prescribed textbooks and unchanging systemsD.general consent about multipurpose textbooks问题3选项A.teaching pupils accor

20、ding to each ones talentB.introducing the latest information to the youthC.rendering instruction close to pupils experiencesD.supplementing all textbooks with fresh materials4. There will be the risk of forming an educational blank if（ ）.问题4选项A.the rigid school curricula are thoroughly transformedB.

21、the negative effect of old education is only partly recognizedC.the traditional subject-matter totally substitutes for new oneD.the replacement of unvarying courses with flexible ones fails5. Pupils may be well guarded against ill social influences as long as（ ）.问题5选项A.educators discard their liabil

22、ity for the being-educatedB.teachers have sound judgment to make the right choiceC.instructors help establish conditions favorable to pupils growthD.schoolmasters function as equal co-operators in a joint business【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：在作者看来，旧教育的基本错误在于_。根据关键词“basic fault”和“old e

23、ducation”可以定位到文章第一段The essential weakness of the old and traditional education was not just that it emphasized the necessity for provision of definite subject-matter and activities. These things are necessities for anything that can rightly be called education. The weakness and evil was that the ima

24、gination of educators did not go beyond provision of a fixed and rigid environment of subject-matter, one drawn moreover from sources altogether too remote from the experiences of the pupil.（旧的和传统的教育的本质弱点不仅仅是它强调提供明确的主题和活动的必要性。这些东西对于任何可以被称为教育的东西都是必需的。教育工作者的缺点和不幸是，他们的想象力不能超越为学生提供一个固定的、僵化的学习环境，而且他们的学习来

25、源与学生的经历相距甚远。），B选项“教育工作者缺乏想象力”，符合原文表达的意思。A选项“特定科目和课程供应不足”和C选项“提供固定的教育条件”，和原文表达的意思冲突，D选项“让学生阅读内容过时的课本”在文中并没有提及，综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。2.事实细节题。题干：作者在_上鼓励改革。根据题干可以定位到文章第一段第四句话What is needed in the new education is more attention, not less, to subject-matter and to progress in technique.（新教育所需要的是更多的关注，而不是更少的关注

26、素材和技术的进步。），可知A选项“跟随技术进步的老题材”符合题意。B选项“陈旧的教材和教学方法”，C选项“规定的教科书和不变的系统”和D选项“对多用途教科书的普遍认可”在文中均未提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。3.事实细节题。题干：新的教育学家似乎更青睐_。根据题干可以定位到文章第一段What is needed in the new education is more attention, not less, to subject-matter and to progress in technique. But when I say more I do not mean more i

27、n quantity of the same old kind. I mean an imaginative vision which sees that no prescribed and ready-made scheme can possibly determine the exact subject-matter that will best promote the educative growth of every individual young person;（新教育所需要的是更多的关注，而不是更少的关注素材和技术的进步。但是，当我说“更多”的时候，我并不是指同样的数量上的“更多

28、”。我指的是一种富有想象力的愿景，认为没有现成的计划可以确定最能促进每个年轻人教育成长的确切主题；），原文表达的意思是没有固定的教材可以促进每个年轻人的成长，不同的年轻人应该使用不同的教育素材，因此A选项“因材施教”，符合题意。B选项“向青年介绍最新的信息”，C选项“贴近学生的经验进行教学”，D选项“用新材料补充所有教科书”，均不符合原文意思，所以本题的正确答案是A选项。4.细节推理题。题干：如果_，将有形成教育空白的风险。根据关键词“educational blank”可以定位到文章第二段第二句If we do not go far in the positive direction of

29、providing a body of subject-matter much richer, more varied and flexible, and also in truth more definite, judged in terms of the experience of those being educated, than traditional education supplied, we shall tend to leave an educational vacuum in which anything may happen.（如果我们不能比传统教育提供一个主题更丰富、更

30、多样和灵活的主体的正确方向，不能在事实上比传统教育更加明确，不能判断针对这些教育的经验，针对任何发生的事情，我们都将可能形成教育空白。），D选项“用灵活的课程替代不变的课程失败了”说法与句意一致。A选项“僵化的学校课程被彻底改变了”与句意相反。B选项“旧教育的负面影响只被部分认识到”，在文中没有提及，说法无根据。C选项“传统的题材完全取代了新的题材”与句意相反。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。5.主旨大意题。题干：只要_，学生们就可以很好地防范不良的社会影响。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段The young live in some environment whether we intend

31、it or not, and this environment is constantly interacting with what children and youth bring to it, and the result is the shaping of their interests, minds and charactereither educatively or mis-educatively. If the professed educator gives up his responsibility for judging and selecting the kind of

32、environment that his best understanding leads him to think will be contributive to growth, then the young are left at the mercy of all the unorganized and casual forces of the modern social environment that inevitably play upon them as long as they live.（不管我们愿意与否，年轻人都生活在某种环境中，而这种环境不断地与儿童和青少年带给它的东西相互

33、影响，其结果是他们的兴趣、心智和性格的塑造是受教育的或者是受误导的。如果自诩的教育家放弃判断和选择在他的理解下有利于成长的环境的责任，那么年轻人就会任由现代社会环境中所有无组织的、随意的力量摆布，只要他们活着，这些力量就不可避免地会对他们产生影响。），所以只有教育者判断和选择对年轻人有利的环境，才能避免他们受到不良的影响，B选项“老师有足够的判断力来做出正确的选择”，符合题意。A选项“教育者放弃他们对受教育者的责任”和原文的意思相反，排除。C选项“教师帮助建立有利于学生成长的条件”，教师只能帮助判断和选择环境，而不是主动创造条件，所以C选项不对。D选项“校长在联合企业中扮演平等的合作者的角色”

34、，在文中并没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。5. 单选题Farmers were encouraged to keep their livestock in pens rather than letting them（ ）freely.问题1选项A.roamB.wanderC.wonderD.roar【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项roam“闲逛，漫步”；B选项wander“游荡，漫游”；C选项wonder“想知道，纳闷”；D选项roar“咆哮，呼喊”。句意：鼓励农民们把家畜关进栏圈，而不是让它们到处乱跑。由rather than可知，句子后半句表达的意思应该“和把家畜关进栏圈

35、”相反，C，D不符合句意。roam常指在广阔地方以自得其乐的愉快心情作无固定目标的漫游，wander多指人无目的地到处徘徊或闲荡，A选项与其意思对应。因此A选项符合句意。6. 单选题Important people dont often have much free time as their work（ ）all their time.问题1选项A.takes overB.takes awayC.takes inD.takes up【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项take over“接管，借用”；B选项take away“拿走，带走”；C选项take in“吸收，接受”；D选项take

36、s up“开始从事，占据”。句意：重要人物往往没有太多的空闲时间，因为他们的工作占据了他们所有的时间。根据选项和句意可知，D选项符合题意。7. 单选题There has not been a great response to the sale,（ ）?问题1选项A.does thereB.hasnt thereC.hasnt itD.has there【答案】D【解析】考查反义疑问句。含有there be结构的反义疑问句，如果陈述部分为there be结构时，则疑问部分用be（not）there。例如：There is not much news，is there？本题用的是there be

37、句型的完成时的否定形式，所以反义疑问句要用到完成时的肯定形式，即has there？句意：这次销售反响不太好，对吧？综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。8. 单选题The patterns of spoken language are（ ）from those of writing.问题1选项A.distinctB.distinctiveC.distinguishedD.distinguishing【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项distinct“独特的，有区别的”，be distinct from=be different from，表示“与不同”；B选项distinctive“有特色

38、的，与众不同的”；C选项distinguished“卓越的，著名的”；D选项distinguishing“有区别的”，英语中没有be distinguishing from这样搭配。句意：口语的模式不同于书面语的模式。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。9. 翻译题Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Many believe that science is merely a collection of facts, that it develops by t

39、he gathering of these facts and slowly approaches the truth about nature. According to this view, the so-called scientific method is the basis for scientific development. The scientific method is said to have three steps.The first step is that of careful observationoften involves looking for relatio

40、nships among different kinds of events. If a specific relationship seems to be true in a number of cases, without any exceptions, then it may be hypothesized that the relationship holds in general. The second step of the scientific method may be the formulation of such a general hypothesis. Or it ma

41、y be an attempt to explain phenomena by theorizing the existence of a deeper reality. The third step, the testing of the theory, may involve further experimental testing of hypothesized relationships. Or it may be experimental verification of new phenomena predicted by a new theory.【答案】很多人认为，科学只是事实的

42、积累，科学通过收集这些事实而获得发展，并慢慢地接近自然真理。根据这一观点，所谓科学的研究方法正是科学发展的基础。科学的研究方法可以包括三个阶段。第一阶段仔细观察阶段，常常需要寻找各种事件之间的关系。如果某一特定关系在很多情况下看来都正确而无一例外，则可以假设这种关系是普遍存在的。科学研究方法的第二阶段可能是将这种一般的假设公式化，也可能是试图通过对更深刻的现实存在进行推理来解释各种现象。第三阶段，即检验真理阶段，可能需要对所假设的关系通过实验进一步加以检验，也可能通过实验来证明新理论所预言的新现象。10. 单选题The criminal always paid（ ）cash so the po

43、lice could not track him down.问题1选项A.onB.atC.forD.in【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。此题考查固定词组。pay in cash是一固定词组，意为“付现金”。句意：那名罪犯总是用现金付款，因此警方无法追捕到他。根据选项和句意可知，D选项符合题意。11. 单选题Loudspeakers are fixed in the hall so that everyone（ ）an opportunity to hear the speech.问题1选项A.ought to haveB.must haveC.may haveD.should have【答案】

44、D【解析】考查目的状语从句。so that引导的目的状语从句，从句中常用情态动词can/may。但是本句主句用的是过去时态，所以从句也应该用相应的表示过去的时态，因此C项may have应该改为might have才正确。A选项ought to“应该”，强调主观上的应当，含有责任，义务，故排除。B选项must have“必须要”，语气过于强烈，故排除。只有D选项should have“应该有”符合题意。句意：礼堂里安装了扩音器，以便大家都可以听到演讲。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。12. 单选题Faced with the（ ）difficulties, they are determin

45、ed to carry on their program.问题1选项A.satisfactoryB.attributableC.intangibleD.innocent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项satisfactory“满意的，符合要求的”； B选项attributable “归属的，属性的”；C选项intangible“无形的，触摸不到的，难以理解的”；D选项innocent“无辜的，无罪的”。句意：面对无形的困难，他们下定决心继续他们的项目。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。13. 单选题Nancys gone to work but her car is still t

46、here. She（ ）by bus.问题1选项A.must have goneB.should have goneC.ought to have goneD.could have gone【答案】A【解析】虚拟语气。根据句子的前半部分可知，南希去工作了，但她的车还停在那里，后面应该是肯定的推测，南希一定是坐公交去上班了。A选项must have gone“一定是”，表示对过去肯定的推测；B选项should have gone和C选项ought to have gone都表示“本来应该去而未去”；D选项could have gone表示“本来能够去而没去”。句意：南希去工作了，但她的车还停在那

47、里，她一定是坐公交去上班的。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。14. 写作题Write on the ANSWER SHEET a composition of about 250 words based on the topic “Education Makes A Better Future”.You are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, provide one or two reasons or your expe

48、rience(s) to support your opinion.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.【答案】略15. 单选题Whether you are logging on to your personal computer, using a credit card, or disarming a door security system, passwords or PINs (personal identification numbers) gu

49、ard access to numerous regular operations.It is estimated that within ten years, consumers could be faced with handling more than 100 passwords! Given the popularity of passwords, how can you choose ones that are sufficiently complicated to be secure yet are simple enough to remember?There are basic

50、 guidelines to bear in mind. Dont use as a password your name or that of a member of your family, even in modified form. Also avoid using your telephone number, your Social Security number, or your address. Such information can easily be obtained by a determined hacker.In addition, if possible, dont

51、 use passwords made up entirely of letters or digits. A relatively simple computer program can crack such a code quickly. Finally, do not use a word that can be found in any dictionary, even a foreign-language one. Huge lists are available that contain words, place names, and proper names from all l

52、anguages. Programs can test for variations of these words, such as if they are spelled backward, capitalized, or combined.So, what kinds of passwords should be used? Usually ones that have a minimum of six to eight characters and that have a mixture of upper-and lower-case letters, digit and punctua

53、tion symbols. How difficult is it to crack such a combination of characters? One source says, “A machine that could try one million passwords per second would require, on the average, over one hundred years.”How can you choose a combination that is easy to remember? Some suggest that you take the ti

54、tle of a favorite book or film or a line from a song or poem and use the first letter from each word as your password, adding capital letters, punctuation, or other characters. For example, “to be or not be” could become “2B/not 2B.”Other suggestions include taking two short words and link them with

55、 a punctuation character, such as “High? Bug” or “Song; Tree”.Taking into account the suggestions outlined above can help you to protect important information from unwanted hackers. Remember, too, the importance of changing your passwords regularly. Just a final comment: Whatever passwords you decid

56、e to use, dont pick any of the examples given above.1. What is the main idea of this passage?2. Why shouldnt we use a word that can be found in any dictionary as a password?3. If you are choosing a password for your computer, which of the following is the best choice?4. How can you choose a password

57、 that is both secure and simple to remember?5. The word “Given” in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by（ ）.问题1选项A.How to strengthen security through a password.B.How to choose a password that is easy to remember.C.How to prevent your password from being cracked.D.How to choose a safe and convenient p

58、assword.问题2选项A.Because it can be easily remembered by a computer hacker.B.Because computer programs can crack it.C.Because computer hackers are determined to crack it.D.Because the lists are so huge that the words are not easy to remember.问题3选项A.iaHgnahsB.19730508C.2B/not 2BD.Re-B, pl2问题4选项A.Taking

59、the title of your favorite book or film.B.Taking a line from a song or poem you like best.C.Making up a nonsensical word which cannot be found in any dictionary.D.Using two short words linked with a punctuation character.问题5选项A.FixedB.GrantedC.SupposedD.Presented【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.主旨

60、大意题。题干：这篇文章的主旨是？这文章全文是关于“密码”。文章第一段就出现了passwords和PINs。第二段即引出文章主旨，如何选择既安全又简单易记的密码。后面的内容对这个问题做出了回答，所以选项D“如何选择一个安全方便的密码”正确。A选项“如何通过密码加强安全性”，是文章第五段的主要内容。B选项“如何选择一个容易记住的密码”，是文章第六段的主要内容。C选项“如何防止你的密码被破解”，是文章第三，四段的主要内容。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。2.事实细节题。题干：为什么我们不能用一个在任何字典里都能找到的词作为密码呢?由题干定位到第四段第三、四、五句话Finally, do not u

61、se a word that can be found in any dictionary, even a foreign-language one. Huge lists are available that contain words, place names, and proper names from all languages. Programs can test for variations of these words, such as if they are spelled backward, capitalized, or combined.（最后，不要使用任何词典中都能找到

62、的词，即使是外语词典。巨大的列表是可用的，包含单词，地名，和来自所有的语言的专有名称。比较简单的计算机程序能够很快地破译这类密码，比如它们是倒写、大写还是组合。），所以本题B选项“因为计算机程序可以破解它”，符合题意。A选项“因为电脑黑客很容易记住它”，是因为容易被破解所以不能用，并没有提到是否容易记忆，A选项排除。C选项“因为电脑黑客会下定决心破解它”，文章提到是有程序可以破解，而不是黑客会下决心破解，所以C选项不符合题意。D选项“因为单词表是如此之大以至于单词不容易记住”，在文中并没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。3.推理判断题。如果你正在为你的电脑选择一个密码，以下哪个是最好的

63、选择?根据第四段第一句话In addition, if possible, dont use passwords made up entirely of letters or digits.（另外，如果可能的话，不要使用完全由字母或数字组成的密码。），可排除A和B选项。这篇文章的最后一句讲到Just a final comment: Whatever passwords you decide to use, dont pick any of the examples given above.（无论你决定选择什么密码，不要采用上面提到的任何一个例子。），而C选项正是文章所给的例子，所以排除。所以只有D选项，有不同种类的符号、数字、横线等的组合，才是最好的选择。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。4.推理判断题。题干：如何选择既安全又容易记忆的密码呢？根据文章第七段Other suggestions include taking two short words and link them wit