考研考博-考博英语-南开大学模拟考试题含答案40

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1、考研考博-考博英语-南开大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Recently the newspapers have reported several （ ） on the boundaries of Israel and Jordan.问题1选项A.accidentsB.incidentsC.eventsD.happenings【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。accidents“意外事故, 交通事故”；incidents“事件，事变”；events“大事件，项目”；happenings“意外发生的事”。句意：最近，报纸报道了几起发生在以色列和约旦边境上的事件。首先可排除选项A和D；选项B含有“事

2、变”的意思，更符合语境，所以正确。2. 单选题The doctor told me the medicine can （ ） my headache without doing me any harm.问题1选项A.healB.improveC.cureD.treat【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。句意：医生告诉我这种药可以治愈我的头痛而不伤害我。选项A，C，D均表示治疗。heal多指创伤，外伤愈合；cure多指病后恢复健康；treat多指对伤口或者病情进行诊断，强调过程。所以选项C符合语境。3. 单选题An important property of scientific theory is

3、 its ability to （ ） further research and further thinking about a particular topic.问题1选项A.stimulateB.renovateC.arouseD.advocate【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。stimulate刺激，鼓舞；renovate革新，修复；arouse引起，唤醒；advocate主张，拥护。句意：科学理论的一个重要特性是它能够激发对特定主题的进一步研究和思考。选项A符合句意。4. 单选题Difficult as it is, English study is in the long run

4、（ ） to a learner in his or her career development.问题1选项A.rewardingB.advantageousC.profitableD.earning【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。rewarding“有益的, 值得的, 有报酬的”;advantageous“有利的, 有益的”;profitable“有利可图的, 赚钱的”;earning “收入, 所赚的钱”。尽管英语学习很困难, 但从长远来看, 它对于学习者的职业发展来说是值得的。选项A符合语境。5. 单选题Cosmic rays of various kinds come throug

5、h the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are（ ）off.问题1选项A.avoidedB.excludedC.separatedD.screened【答案】D【解析】近义词词义辨析。avoid“避免, 躲避”;excluded“排除, 驱逐”;separated“分开, 隔开”;screen “筛, 过滤, 屏蔽”。句意:来自外太空的各种宇宙射线透过大气层到达地球, 但是太阳所发出的大量辐射都被过滤掉了。选项D符合句意。6. 写作题Nowadays, advertisement

6、s can be found everywhere in a big city such as Shanghai. They shout at us from the television screen and radio loudspeakers, wave to us from every page of the newspaper, signal to us from the roadside billboards all day and flash messages to us in colored lights all night. What do you think of the

7、flood of advertising make any contribution to our society? For this part you are to write a composition on the topic If There Were No Advertisements. You should illustrate your viewpoints on advertisement in no less than 200 words. 【答案】7. 单选题A(n) （ ） entrepreneur will seek success farther afield and

8、 will risk more in the research than his more timid competitors.问题1选项A.adventurousB.progressiveC.aggressiveD.impulsive【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。adventurous“爱冒险的;大胆的”;progressive“进步的;先进的”;aggressive“有进取心的;好斗的”;impulsive“冲动的;任性的”。句意:那些胆大的企业家将在更远的地方寻求成功，并将比那些胆小的竞争对手在研究上冒更大的风险。选项A符合句意。8. 单选题You are not allowed t

9、o take a second job （ ） your employer gives you permission.问题1选项A.unlessB.so long asC.otherwiseD.whereas【答案】A【解析】连接词的运用。unless“除非, 如果不”;so long as“只要”;otherwise“否则, 不然”;whereas“然而, 鉴于, 反之”。句意:除非你的雇主允许, 否则你不能从事第二份工作。选项A符合句意。9. 单选题Henry looked very much （ ） when he was caught cheating in the biology e

10、xam.问题1选项A.discouragedB.embarrassedC.disappointedD.bewildered【答案】B【解析】词义辨析。discouraged“气馁的”;embarrassed“尴尬的”;disappointed“失望的, 沮丧的”, bewildered“困惑的”。句意:当Henry在生物考试中因为作弊被抓时, 他显得非常尴尬。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题Nobody knows what triggered the event, which （ ） a million cubic meters of water per second, obliteratin

11、g the barrier between Britain and France.问题1选项A.relievedB.releasedC.restoredD.retained【答案】B【解析】形近词词义辨析。relieve“解除, 减轻”;release“释放, 发射”;restore“恢复, 修复”;retain“保持, 记住”。句意:谁也不知道是什么引发了这次事件, 它每秒释放一百万立方米的水, 冲毁了英法之间的屏障。选项B符合此处语境。11. 单选题An unidentified wit once said, “laugh, and the world laughs with you. S

12、nore, and you sleep alone.” Yet snoring is far from a laughing matter, as those unfortunates with good hearing, who are rightly subjected to the sounds of the snoring disorder, will testify.It has been estimated that one of eight Americans snores: this means that there are approximately 21 million p

13、eoplewomen as well as menwho render an unpleasant sound when they are asleep. And assuming that each snorer disturbs the sleep of at least one other person, it necessarily follows that there are 21 million unhappy listeners. While a sleeping person breathes, either in or out, several structures in h

14、is nose and throat generate the snoring. The sounds, coming from the soft palate and other soft structures of the throat, are caused by vibratory responses to inflowing and outflowing air. When the soft tissues of the mouth and throat come close to the lining of the throat, the vibrations that occur

15、 are caused by the position of the tongue. In short, the noise made by snoring can be compared to the noise when breezes flutter a flag on a pole. The frequency of the vibrations depends on the size, density, and elasticity of the affected tissues and on the force of the air flow. Although it is usu

16、ally the process of in haling or exhaling through the mouth that cause snoring, short snorts come from the nose of an open-mouthed sleeper. In all fairness to snorers, however, it should be emphasized that snoring is an involuntary out which stops as the offender is awakened.1.The snoring is caused

17、by （ ） .2.If a person produces short snores, most probably he has （ ） .3.The snorers can have control over their act.4.The authors attitude towards the snorers is （ ） .问题1选项A.the soft palate and other structures of the throatB.the inflowing and outflowing air through the noseC.the inflowing and outf

18、lowing air through mouthD.the vibrations as a result of the inflowing and outflowing air问题2选项A.a soft palateB.a big noseC.an open mouthD.a small throat问题3选项A.The snorers can have control over their act.B.both the listeners and the snorers wish to stop the offensive sound of snoring.C.The frequency o

19、f the vibrations depends on the position of the tongue.D.There are more men than women who snore.问题4选项A.objectiveB.subjectiveC.sympatheticD.annoyed【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段“The sounds, coming from the soft palate and other soft structures of the throat, are caused by vibratory respon

20、ses to inflowing and outflowing air.”这些声音来自于软腭和喉咙的其他柔软结构，是由流入和流出的空气的振动反应引起的。选项D符合原文。2.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句“short snorts come from the nose of an open-mouthed sleeper.”张开嘴睡觉的人鼾声短促。选项C正确。3.信息推断题。根据原文可知，打鼾是一种无意识的行为，所以选项A错误；根据原文“The frequency of the vibrations depends on the size, density, and elasticity of

21、 the affected tissues and on the force of the air flow.”可知选项C错误；选项D在文中没有提及。所以只有选项B正确。4.态度判断题。结合文章内容可知，作者全文都是在客观的描述人们打呼噜的这个问题以及产生的原因和影响，没有掺杂个人情绪，所以选项A正确。12. 单选题People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in （ ） populated areas.问题1选项A.denselyB.intenselyC.abundantlyD.highl

22、y【答案】A【解析】副词词义辨析。表示人口密集应该用densely，所以选项A正确。13. 单选题The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly （ ） source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.问题1选项A.InexhaustibleB.exploitedC.remarkableD.controversial【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。inexhaustible“取之不尽的，用不完的”;exploited“被开

23、发利用的”;remarkable“卓越的，非凡的”;controversial“有争议的”。句意:该区域热带植物的多样性似乎是取之不尽用之不竭的原料来源，其中只有少数得到利用。选项A符合句意。14. 单选题The Spanish team, who are not in superb form, will be doing their best next week to （ ） themselves on the German team for last years defeat.问题1选项A.remedyB.reproachC.reviveD.revenge【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析。re

24、medy补救，治疗；reproach责备；revive使复兴，使苏醒；revenge报仇，雪耻。句意：西班牙队虽然状态不佳，但下周他们将竭尽全力为去年的失利向德国队一雪前耻。选项D符合句意。15. 单选题Hotel rooms must be （ ） by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter.问题1选项A.departedB.abandonedC.vacatedD.displaced【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。depart“离开，出发”;abandon“放弃，遗弃”;vacate“空出，腾出”;displace“取代，转移”。句意:旅

25、馆的房间必须在中午前空出来，但行李可以交给行李搬运工。选项C符合句意。16. 单选题Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not what is acceptable but what will become accepted. According to this formulation, highly creative activity transcends the limi

26、ts of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creativ

27、e science arise in part from a difference in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory is the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant

28、 diamond or a nesting bird are relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different: the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeares Hamlet is not a tract about the behavior o

29、f indecisive princes or the uses of political power, nor is Picassos painting Guernica primarily a prepositional statement about the Spanish Civil War or the evils of fascism. What highly creative artistic activity produces is not a new generalization that transcends established limits, but rather a

30、n aesthetic particular. Aesthetic particulars produced by the highly creative artist extend or exploit, in an innovative way, the limits of an existing form, rather than transcend that form.This is not to deny that a highly creative artist sometimes established a new principle of organization in the

31、 history of an artistic field, the composer Monteverdi, who created music of the highest aesthetic value, comes to mind. More generally, however, whether or not a composition establishes a new principle in the history of music has little bearing on its aesthetic worth. Because they embody a new prin

32、ciple of organization, some musical works, such as the opera of the Florentine Camerata, are of signal historical importance, but few listeners or musicologists would include these among the great works of music. On the other hand, Mozarts The Marriage of Figaro is surely among the masterpieces of m

33、usic even though its modest innovations are confined to extending existing means. It has been said of Beethoven that he toppled the rules and freed music from the stifling confines of convention. But a close study of his compositions reveals that Beethoven overturned no fundamental rules. Rather, he

34、 was an incomparable strategist who exploited limitsthe rules, forms, and conventions that he inherited from predecessors such as Haydn and Mozart, Handel and Bachin strikingly original ways.1.The author considers a new theory that coherently relates diverse phenomena to one another to be the （ ） .2

35、.The author implies that Beethovens music was strikingly original because Beethoven （ ） .3.The passage states that the operas of the Florentine Camerata are （ ） .4.The author regards the idea that all highly creative artistic activity transcends limits with （ ） .5.The author implies that an innovati

36、ve scientific contribution is one that （ ） .问题1选项A.basis for reaffirming a well-established scientific formulationB.byproduct of an aesthetic experienceC.tool used by a scientist to discover a new particularD.result of highly creative scientific activity问题2选项A.strove to outdo his predecessors by bec

37、oming the first composer to exploit limitsB.fundamentally changed the musical forms of his predecessors by adopting a richly inventive strategyC.embellished and interwove the melodies of several of the great composers who preceded himD.manipulated the established conventions of musical composition i

38、n highly innovative fashion问题3选项A.unjustifiably ignored by most of musicologists todayB.not generally considered to be of high aesthetic valueC.musical works with popular historical themesD.examples of musical works with new principle of organization问题4选项A.deep skepticismB.strong indignationC.marked

39、 indifferenceD.moderate amusement问题5选项A.is cited with high frequency in the publications of other scientistsB.does not relegate particulars to the role of dataC.introduces a new valid generalizationD.presents the discovery of a new scientific fact【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第六句“Inn

40、ovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways.”创造性科学产生新的命题，在这些命题中，不同的现象可以以更连贯的方式相互关联。由此可知，把不同的现象连贯地联系起来是高度的创造性科学所产生的结果。选项D符合原文。2.信息判断题。根据第二段的末尾几句可知，贝多芬并没有推翻任何基本规则。相反，他是一个无与伦比的谋略家，他以惊人的独创的方式，利用了他从前辈如海顿、莫扎特、亨德尔和巴赫那里继承来

41、的规则、形式和惯例。所以选项D符合原文。3.事实细节题。根据关键词“Florentine Camerata”定位到第二段第三句“such as the opera of the Florentine Camerata, . the great works of music.”如佛罗伦萨卡米拉塔的歌剧，尽管具有显著的历史重要性，但很少有听众或音乐学家会把它们列入伟大的音乐作品之中。也就是说不被普遍认为具有很高的审美价值，选项B与原文表述一致。4.观点态度题。根据第一段的第三句“However, the idea that . valid for the sciences.”然而，将非凡的创造力超

42、越既定限制的观点应用到艺术上是有误导性的，尽管它可能适用于科学。由此推断，作者的态度是怀疑的，选项A正确。5.细节推理题。根据段第六句“Innovative science produces new propositions in terms of which diverse phenomena can be related to one another in more coherent ways.”创新科学产生新的命题，在这些命题中，不同的现象可以以更连贯的方式相互关联，选项C符合原文。17. 单选题He has little trouble （ ） the tires of his car

43、.问题1选项A.to fixB.fixC.fixingD.with fixing【答案】C【解析】特殊用法。have trouble后接动名词, 表示“在方面有困难和麻烦”。选项C正确。18. 单选题It will take us twenty minutes to get to the railway station, （ ） traffic delays.问题1选项A.affordingB.accounting forC.allowing forD.acknowledging【答案】C【解析】词组辨析。afford“给予，提供，买得起”;account for“对.负有责任，对.作出解释”

44、，allow for“考虑到，顾及”;acknowledge“承认，答谢”。句意:考虑到交通拥堵，我们到火车站还要20分钟。选项C符合句意。19. 单选题In the last 12 years total employment in the United States grew faster than at any time in the peacetime history of any countryfrom 82 to 110 million between 1973 and 1985that is, by a full one third. The entire growth, how

45、ever, was in manufacturing, and especially in non-blue-collar jobs.This trend is the same in all developed countries, and is, indeed, even more pronounced in Japan. It is therefore highly probable that in 25 years developed countries such as the United States and Japan will employ no larger a propor

46、tion of the labor force in manufacturing than developed countries now employ in farmingat most, 10 percent. Today the United States employs around 18 million people in blue-collar jobs in manufacturing industries. By 2010, the number is likely to be no more than 12 million. In some major industries

47、the drop will be even sharper. It is quite unrealistic, for instance, to expect that the American automobile industry will employ more than one-third of its present blue-collar force 25 years hence, even though production might be 50 percent higher.If a company, an industry or a country does not in

48、the next quarter century sharply increase manufacturing production and at the same time sharply reduce the blue-collar work force, it cannot hope to remain competitiveor even to remain “developed.” The attempt to preserve such blue-collar jobs is actually a prescription for unemployment.This is not

49、a conclusion that American politicians, labor leaders or indeed the general public can easily understand or accept. What confuses the issue even more is that the United Stales is experiencing several separate and different shifts in the manufacturing economy. One is the acceleration of the substitut

50、ion of knowledge and capital for manual labor. Where we spoke of mechanization a few decades ago, we now speak of “robotization” or “automation”. This is actually more a change in terminology than a change in reality. When Henry Ford introduced the assembly line in 1909, he cut the number of man hou

51、rs required to produce a motor car by some 80 percent in two or three yearsfar more than anyone expects to result from even the most complete robotization. But there is no doubt that we are facing a new sharp acceleration in the replacement of manual workers by machinesthat is, by the products of kn

52、owledge.1.According to the author, the shrinkage in the manufacturing labor force demonstrates（ ） .2.American politicians and labor lenders tend to dislike（ ） .3.According to the author, in the coming 25 years, a developed country or industry, in order to remain competitive, ought to（ ） .4.This pass

53、age may have been excerpted from（ ） .问题1选项A.the degree to which a countrys production is robotizedB.a reduction in a countrys manufacturing industriesC.a worsening relationship between labor and managementD.the difference between a developed country and a developing country问题2选项A.confusion in manufa

54、cturing economyB.an increase in blue-collar work forceC.internal competition in manufacturing productionD.a drop in the blue-collar job opportunities问题3选项A.reduce the percentage of the blue-collar work forceB.preserve blue-collar jobs for international competitionC.accelerate motor-can manufacturing

55、 in Henry Fords styleD.solve the problem of unemployment问题4选项A.a magazine about capital investmentB.an article on automationC.a motor-car magazineD.an article on global economy【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.信息推理题。根据第四段第三句“One is the acceleration . “robotization” or “automation”.”知识和资本开始加速替代体力劳动。几十年前我

56、们谈论机械化，现在我们谈论“机器人化”或“自动化”。由此可以推断，制造业劳动力的变化说明了一个国家生产的自动化程度。制造业劳动力越少，自动化程度越高，反之亦然。所以选项A正确。2.事实细节题。根据第四段第一句可知，美国政治家和劳动力领袖不喜欢一种结论，即上一段提到的：如果一家公司、一个行业或一个国家在未来25年内不大幅增加制造业产量，同时大幅削减蓝领劳动力，那么它就不可能保持竞争力，甚至不可能保持“发达”。而这必然会导致失业，这是美国政治家和劳动力领袖不希望看到的，所以选项D正确。3.事实细节题。根据第三段的内容可知，在未来25年内，行业或者国家需要在保证制造业产量的同时削减蓝领劳动力。选项A

57、符合原文。4.主旨推断题。文章主要讲的是随着工业化的发展，机器也就是人类知识的产物将会取代劳动力。所以文章最有可能是关于全球经济的，选项D正确。选项B太片面，文章不仅仅是讲自动化，劳动力应与经济相关，所以不选B。20. 单选题Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards: （ ） it should rank high on any list of science fiction.问题1选项A.consistentlyB.consequentlyC.invariablyD.fortunately【答案】B【解析】副词词义辨析。consistently“一致地, 一贯地”;consequently“ 因此, 所以”;invariably“总是，不变地”;fortunately“幸运地”。句意:无论以何种标准来衡量，成人礼都是一部优秀的小说:因此，它应该排在任何科幻小说的前列。前后构成因果关系，所以选项B正确。