2022年考博英语-西北大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷43

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1、2022年考博英语-西北大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Margaret Meads reputation was established with the publication of her book in 1928 and was enhanced by her many subsequent contributions to anthropology.问题1选项A.obscuredB.entrancedC.heightenedD.restored【答案】C【解析】句意：enhanced意为“提高，增强”。obscured掩盖，遮蔽；entranced着迷的，狂喜

2、的；heightened提高，升高；restored修复，恢复。选项C与之意思相近。2. 翻译题Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.My eldest daughter, an Internet consultant, is only 30, but she has already lived in five different houses in five different places and has had about six diff

3、erent jobs. Every time I visit her, I notice how many new things there are in her house, and how many things lie unused, out of date. What is even more striking is how many things there are which are not expected to lastdisposable things. Disposable plates and glasses, disposable towels and babies,

4、nappies (尿布). It sometimes seems that we live in an age of the disposable.（1）This phenomenon of constant change runs through everything in life nowadays, from fashion to music, from medicine to motorcars, from education to employment. Two important factors seem to be driving these changes. The first

5、 is the rapid growth in knowledge and the consequent rapid development of technology. The second is the revolution in communications, which means that knowledge is spread faster and more widely than ever. Our times are often called “the information age” and the effect is to bring about “the knowledg

6、e economy”. New technologies and new knowledge bring about the need for new skills.（2）The speed with which these technologies are being created is such that all of us are faced with the challenge of learning new skills, not just once, but several times. What we knew yesterday is often obsolete today

7、.I remember my daughter saying to that she was at “the cutting edge” of her particular field. But within five years, she said, she would have to do something new and different to keep up. There is a great need for flexibility and problem-solving than before. Tasks require a greater integration of sk

8、ills. （3）The rewards of life go to the multi-skilled, to flexible teams of workers each capable of contributing in a range of ways.（4）To succeed in this new world of work, individuals will have to regard their careers not just as a process of gathering experience, but as a process of learning new th

9、ings on an almost continuous basis. All this suggests to me that the relationship between education and employment has changed radically over the last few years. （5）One could summarize the change by saying that when I learned things in order to achieve life-long employment while my children need to

10、pursue life-long learning in order to stay employed.【答案】1. 这种不断变化的现象如今贯穿着生活中的一切，从时装到音乐，从医药到“摩托车”，从教育到就业。2.创造技术的速度是这样的，我们大家都面临着不只是一次，而是多次地学习新技能的挑战。3.生活的奖赏趋向多种技能，以及每个职工在一个灵活的团队能够在多方面做出贡献。4.为了在这种新的工作世界中成功，个人将不得不考虑自己的事业不仅是一种收集经验的过程，也是一个连续不断地学习新事物的过程。5.人们可以总结说，我学东西是为了获得终生的就业机会，而我的孩子则需要终生学习，以维持就业。3. 单选题Al

11、l the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read （ ）letters from their families.问题1选项A.sentimentalB.affectionateC.intimateD.sensitive【答案】B【解析】sentimental 伤感的，多愁善感的；affectionate 深情的，充满爱的；intimate 亲密的，精通的；sensitive 敏感的，易受伤害的。句意：所有的海上石油探测者读到家人写的充满爱的信时，都会情绪高涨。选项B符合语境。4. 单选题You must be （ ）

12、when buying a used car; be sure the engine is in good condition.问题1选项A.wearyB.zealousC.waryD.wily【答案】C【解析】weary 疲倦的，厌烦的；zealous 热心的，积极的；wary 谨慎的，考虑周到的；wily狡猾的，诡计多端的。句意：当你买二手车时一定要小心谨慎，确保发动机处于良好状态。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题The hotel was a four-storey building away from the university where most competitors were a

13、ccommodated.问题1选项A.put upB.put downC.put inD.put over【答案】A【解析】accommodated在这里指容纳，安置。put up提供，建造，举起；put down 放下，镇压；put in 提交，放入；put over 推迟，驶过。选项A放在句中最为恰当，符合语境。6. 单选题All individuals are required to （ ）to the laws made by their governments.问题1选项A.obeyB.conformC.concedeD.observe【答案】B【解析】obey服从，听从；confo

14、rm遵守，使一致，顺从；concede承认，退让；observe观察，注意到，评论。 句意：所有个人都必须遵守政府制定的法律。选项B符合句意。7. 单选题During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to （ ）building materials to the upper floors.问题1选项A.tossB.towC.hoistD.hurl【答案】C【解析】toss投掷，颠簸，摇匀；tow拖，拽，牵引；hoist吊起，升起；hurl丢下，用力投掷。句意：在摩天大楼的建造过程中，起重机被用来把建筑材料吊到较高的楼层。 选项C

15、符合句意。8. 单选题Culture like nonverbal behavior tends to elusive, and has a potent influence in intercultural communication.问题1选项A.hiddenB.visibleC.difficult to understandD.tangible【答案】C【解析】句意：像非语言行为这样的文化往往是晦涩难懂的，并且在跨文化交际中有着强大的影响。elusive意为“难懂的”。hidden隐藏的；visible看得见的，现有的；difficult to understand难以理解；tangib

16、le有形的，可触摸的。选项C最符合原句所表达的意思。9. 单选题When she began the job, Lisa showed （ ）and was promoted to a manager after a year.问题1选项A.nitiativeB.ambitionC.attributeD.peculiarity【答案】B【解析】initiative 主动权，首创精神；ambition抱负，雄心；attribute属性，特质；peculiarity怪癖，特征。句意：当丽莎开始这份工作时就展现了她的抱负，一年后被提升为经理。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题Sharks have ga

17、ined an unfair reputation for being fierce predators of large sea animals. Humanitys unfounded fear and hatred of these ancient creatures is leading to a worldwide slaughter that may result in the extinction of many coastal shark species. The shark is the victim of a warped attitude of wildlife prot

18、ection; we strive only to protect the beautiful, non-threatening parts of our environment. And, in our efforts to restore only non-threatening parts of our earth, we ignore other important parts.A perfect illustration of this attitude is the contrasting attitude toward another large sea animal, the

19、dolphin. During the 1980s, environmentalists in the United States protested the use of driftnets of tuna fishing in the Pacific Ocean since these nets also caught dolphins. The environmentalists generated enough political and economic pressure to prevent tuna companies from buying tuna that had been

20、 caught in driftnets. In contrast to this effort on behalf of the dolphins, these same environmentalists have done very little to help save the Pacific Ocean sharks whose population has decreased nearly to the point of extinction. Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth, having survived in th

21、e seas for more than 350 million years. They are extremely efficient animals, feeding on wounded or dying animals, thus that species such as the Great White Shark have manage to live in the oceans for so many millions of years is enough proof of their efficiency and adaptability changing environment

22、s. It is time for us human, who may not survive another 1,000 years at the rate we are damaging the planet, to cast away our fears and begin considering the protection of sharks as an important part of a program for protection of all our natural environment.1.With which of the following topics is th

23、is passage primarily concerned?2.How did environmentalists manage to protect dolphins?3.About how long sharks lived on the planet?4.What is the authors tone in this passage?5.Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?问题1选项A.Sharks are efficient creatures with bad reputat

24、ions.B.Sharks are some of the oldest creatures on earth.C.Sharks illustrate a problem in wildlife protection.D.The campaign to save dolphins was not extended to save sharks.问题2选项A.They prevented fishermen from selling them for meat.B.They pressured fishermen into protecting dolphins by law.C.They br

25、ought political pressure against tuna companies.D.They created sanctuaries where dolphin fishing was not allowed.问题3选项A.25 million yearsB.150 million yearsC.350 million yearsD.500 million years问题4选项A.explanatoryB.accusatoryC.gentleD.proud问题5选项A.order of importanceB.cause and effectC.statement and ex

26、ampleD.chronological order【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲我们只努力保护环境中美丽、无害的部分，而忽略了其他需要保护的东西，比如鲨鱼，使得其濒临灭绝。由此可知，鲨鱼说明了野生动物保护中的一个问题，选项C符合原文主旨。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的二三句“During the 1980s, . caught in driftnets.”在20世纪80年代，美国的环保主义者抗议在太平洋使用漂网捕捞金枪鱼，因为这些网也能捕获海豚。环保主义者施加了足够的政治和经济压力，阻止金枪鱼公司购买被漂网捕获的金

27、枪鱼。选项C符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第二段“Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years.”鲨鱼是地球上最古老的生物之一，在海洋中生存了3.5亿年以上。选项C与原文表述一致。4.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知，作者是在谴责人们忽略了对鲨鱼的保护，所以选项B正确。5.推理判断题。文章第一段首先提出人们忽略了对鲨鱼的保护，第二段举例来证明这个观点，所以本文的结构是陈述加举例，选项C正确。11. 单选题A major chara

28、cteristic of parliamentary government is the fusion of executive and legislative powers in one body.问题1选项A.fixingB.strengthC.unionD.alignment【答案】C【解析】句意：议会制政府的一个主要特点是行政权和立法权合二为一。fusion意为融合。fixing 固定，加固；strength 力量，力气；union 联合，联盟，工会；alignment 队列，校准，结盟。选项C与之意思相近。12. 单选题His father read the newspaper at

29、 the kitchen table, all the while delivering （ ）on the politics of the day for the benefit of anyone within earshot.问题1选项A.complementsB.remarksC.speechD.animadversions【答案】D【解析】complement 补语，补足物；remark言辞；speech演讲，讲话；animadversion 批评，评语。句意：他的父亲坐在餐桌旁看报纸，一直批判当今政治只对极少数人有利。选项D更符合语境。13. 单选题Plays are an imp

30、ortant form of entertainment in most countries. Two kinds of drama unique to Japan are Noh and Kabuki. Music is used in both types of drama. Originally, men performed both mens and womens parts in Noh and Kabuki plays. But the similarities end there.Kabuki costumes are fancy, bright, and heavy. Real

31、 gold is used on them. On the other hand, Noh costumes are quite simple. Kabuki stages are huge. The stage sets are elaborate. Noh stages are only 18 feet (5.4 meters) square. The only scenery used is background wall with a tree painted on it. A scene changes when the Noh actors change their places.

32、 The audience must use a lot of imaginations.Noh plays started in the fourteenth century to entertain the upper class. The form of the play has not changed much since that time. All parts of a Noh play must follow a certain set of rules. To a person unfamiliar with Noh drama, a Noh actor may look as

33、 if he is sleepwalking. The action of the play is slow. Every movement is controlled. Certain actions stand for certain things. For example, a few steps forward mean the end of a journey. An important part of a Noh play is the chorus that chants much of the story.Kabuki plays were developed in the s

34、eventeenth century for the common people. Theatre was the main amusement of the merchants of that time. Kabuki plays give a clear picture of those merchants tastes and ideas. The colorful costumes reflect their gay moods. The heroes are often warriors who perform daring feats. The players wear thick

35、 makeup. They exaggerate their movements and facial expressions to communicate feeling.Music is very important to Kabuki plays, Kabuki actors sing, dance, and speak their lines while the music is played in the background. The music may sound strange at first, but it makes the action on the stage mor

36、e exciting. Musicians play instruments such as flutes, drums, and gongs. They also use the samisen, a three-stringed instrument shaped somewhat like a banjo. Another instrument has two small blocks of wood that are banged on the floor.1.What do Noh and Kabuki share in common?2.Which statement is tru

37、e about the Kabuki plays?3.One of the differences between Noh and Kabuki plays is that （ ）.4.Kabuki plays can inform us about（ ）.5.What musical instruments are used in Kabuki plays?问题1选项A.Music is used in both types of drama.B.Women performed both mens and womens parts in the beginning.C.Both mens a

38、ndwomens parts were played by males in the earlier period.D.Both A and C.问题2选项A.Costumes are funny, light and rough.B.Stages are 18 feet square.C.A background with a tree painted on it is the only scenery.D.The performers must use all their imaginations.问题3选项A.Noh is slowerB.Noh is simplerC.Noh is m

39、ore colorfulD.Noh is more exciting问题4选项A.likes and dislikes of the 17th century common peopleB.the tastes of the 17th century Japanese merchantsC.the life style of the ruling classD.the courageous deeds of the soldiers问题5选项A.Flutes, gongs and two blocks of wood.B.Drums and samisens.C.Gongs, drums an

40、d wooden hammers.D.A and B.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的三四句“Music is used in both types of drama. Originally, men performed both mens and womens parts in Noh and Kabuki plays.”两种戏剧都使用音乐。最初，男性在能剧和歌舞伎剧中同时扮演男性和女性角色。选项A和C均正确，所以本题选D。2.推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Kabuki costumes are fancy, bright, an

41、d heavy.”可知选项A错误；选项B和C都是描述能剧的，所以只有选项D正确。3.推理判断题。根据最后三段的内容可知，选项C和D是描述歌舞伎剧，首先排除；选项B在文中没有提及；选项A符合原文，所以正确。4.细节事实题。根据倒数第二段的第三句“Kabuki plays give a clear picture of those merchants tastes and ideas.”歌舞伎剧清楚地展现了这些商人的品味和思想。选项B符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后几句“Musicians play instruments such as flutes, drums, and gong

42、s. They also use the samisen, a three-stringed instrument shaped somewhat like a banjo. Another instrument has two small blocks of wood that are banged on the floor. ”可知选项A和B都有提及，所以选项D正确。14. 单选题The right combination of bricks, mortar and plaster can be mixed to build a great city, but it is the city

43、s people who add that extra dimension which makes it vibrant, memorable, famous and much-visited. London is such a city, and a major exhibition about its people makes this point by pulling-together paintings, drawings, and prints by artists over the centuries to show Londoners from all walks of life

44、 and in all manner of settings. The capitals renowned old markets, most now gone, like Covent Garden and Billingsgate, captured the eye of painters because of the extraordinarily disparate range of characters mingling together. Processions and ceremonial events were popular subjects, although many a

45、rtists were inspired by the individuals they saw: the street traders, laborers, merchants, craftsmen, society folk, servants, visiting foreigners, the very poor, the old, and the criminals. There is a book which accompanies the show and from which in Britain has chosen its illustrations. Londoners a

46、re published by Thames and Hudson, 30-34 Bloomsbury Street, London WC1B3QP. Telephone 01-636 5488. It has 237 illustrations, 20 in color: 20 in hardback, 9.95 paperback. Available post-free direct from the publishers to addresses, overseas, or from bookshops in the UK.The exhibition continues until

47、August 2 at the Museum of London. Open Tuesday to Saturday, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Admission free.1.According to the advertisement, the element which adds the real color to a city is（ ）.2.The artists are more likely to be inspired by （ ）.3.From the advertisement, we are told that the book which goes with

48、 the exhibition（ ）.4.Readers overseas can get a copy of the book（ ）.5.From the advertisement, we can infer that there would be free admission（ ）.问题1选项A.the city itselfB.its inhabitantsC.the buildingsD.the markets问题2选项A.popular subjectsB.processionsC.the individualsD.ceremonial events问题3选项A.is called

49、 LondonersB.is called BritainC.contains only 20 picturesD.contains less than 200 illustrations问题4选项A.for 9.95B.by paying 29.95C.only by ordering from bookshops in BritainD.by joining the Literary Guild问题5选项A.on MondaysB.on August 1stC.on SundaysD.before 10 a.m.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实

50、题。根据第一段第一句“it is the citys people who add that extra dimension which makes it vibrant, memorable, famous and much-visited.”正是这座城市的人民为这座城市增添了额外的维度，使它充满活力、令人难忘、闻名遐迩、游客众多。所以选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据第一段“many artists were inspired by the individuals they saw.” 许多艺术家的灵感来自于他们所看到的个人选项C正确。3.推理判断题。根据第一段的后半部分可知：在英国，有一本

51、书中的插画被选来展览。这本书叫伦敦人，由泰晤士和哈德逊出版。选项A正确，选项B，C，D均不符合原文。4.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“20 in hardback, 9.95 paperback. Available post-free direct from the publishers to addresses, overseas, or from bookshops in the UK.”精装本20英镑，平装本9.95英镑。可从出版商或者是英国书店直接免费邮寄到所需地址，甚至是海外。只有选项A正确。5.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容，在伦敦博物馆的展览将持续到8月2日。星期二至星期六，

52、上午十点至下午六点开放。免费入场。由此可知选项B正确。15. 单选题A kiln is a type of oven in which clay is （ ）so that it hardens into a form of ceramic material.问题1选项A.repairedB.bakedC.meltedD.lightened【答案】B【解析】repair 修理，修补；bake 烤，烘焙；melt 使融化，使软化；lighten 使照亮，使轻松。句意：窑是一种把黏土烧制变硬成为陶瓷材料的炉子。选项B符合语境。16. 单选题Any driver stopped by the pol

53、ice for some minor traffic （ ）can be asked to take a test for alcoholic drinking.问题1选项A.violationB.accidentC.congestionD.problem【答案】A【解析】violation 违反，妨碍，侵害；accident 意外，事故；congestion 拥挤，拥塞。句意：任何因轻微交通违章被警察拦下的司机都可以被要求做酒精测试。选项A符合句意。17. 单选题His （ ）life as a revolutionary made him highly adaptable to vario

54、us kinds of hard living conditions.问题1选项A.erraticB.eccentricC.erroneousD.inured【答案】A【解析】erratic不稳定的； eccentric 古怪的，反常的；erroneous 错误的，不正确的；inured 习惯 的。句意：作为革命者，飘忽不定的生活使他能够适应各种艰苦的生活条件。选项A符合句意。18. 单选题Many doctors are still general practitioners, but the （ ）is toward specialization in medicine.问题1选项A.ru

55、morB.prejudiceC.tendencyD.security【答案】C【解析】rumor 谣言，传闻；prejudice 偏见，侵害；tendency倾向，趋势，癖好；security 安全，保证。句意：尽管许多医生仍然是普通的实习生，但在医学上倾向于专门化。选项C符合句意。19. 单选题“Better late than never” is a （ ）that is very familiar to most English speakers.问题1选项A.plauditB.plenaryC.plentyD.platitude【答案】D【解析】plaudit 喝彩，赞美；plenar

56、y全体会议；plenty大量，充足；platitude 陈词滥调。句意：“迟做总比不做好”是大多数说英语的人都很熟悉的陈词滥调。选项D符合句意。20. 单选题Scientists should have choice as to what areas they explore, and certainly have the ethical right and obligations as （ ）to influence what use is made of their discoveries.问题1选项A.anthropologistsB.philanthropistsC.archaeologistsD.humanists【答案】D【解析】anthropologist 人类学家；philanthropist 慈善家；archaeologist考古学家；humanist 人道主义者。句意：科学家应该选择他们所探索的领域，他们当然也有像人道主义者一样的道德权利和义务来影响他们的发现的用途。选项D符合语境。