2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解15

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1、2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions,（ ） have been mentioned inprevious pages.问题1选项A.a few of itB.a few of thatC.a few of themD.a few of which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句的用法。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是chemical reactions, 所以应该用which 引导。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题Trees are a re

2、newable resource that when managed properly can（ ）our needsindefinitely.问题1选项A.sustainB.retainC.maintainD.obtain【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。sustain “维持”；retain “保持”；maintain “维持，维修”；obtain “获得”。句意：树木是可再生资源，如果管理得当，它们无限期地满足我们的需求。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题Movie directors use music to（ ） the action on the screen.问题1选项A.conta

3、minateB.complimentC.contemplateD.complement【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contaminate “污染”；compliment “恭维”；contemplate “沉思，注视”； complement “补充”。句意：电影导演用音乐来补充荧幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less

4、well than a man, but that they think at all. The early electronic computer did not have much going for it except a marvelous memory and some good math skills. But today the best models can be wired up to learn by experience, follow an argument, ask proper questions and write poetry and music. They c

5、an also carry on somewhat puzzling conversations.Computers imitate life. As computers get more complex, the imitation gets better. Finally,the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear. In another 15 years or so, we will see the computer as a new form of life.The opinion seems ridiculou

6、s because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computers brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as part of the equipment for survival.Computers match people in some roles, and when fast decisions are nee

7、ded in a crisis, they often surpass them. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. Throw too many things at the brain at one time and it freezes up

8、.We are still in control, but the capabilities of computers are increasing at a fantastic rate, while raw human intelligence is changing slowly, if as all. Computer power has increased ten times every eight years since 1946. In the 1990, when the sixth generation appears, the reasoning power of an i

9、ntelligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain.That does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on the earth. Judging by the past, we can expect that a new species will arise out of man, surpassing his achievements as he has surpassed those of his predecessor.

10、 Only a carbon chemistry enthusiast would assume that the new species must be mans flesh-and-blood descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon.1.What do you suppose was the attitude of Dr. Samuel Johnson towards ladies preaching?2.Today, computers are still inf

11、erior to man in terms of （ ）.3.In terms of making quick decisions, the human brain cannot be compared with thecomputer because（ ） .4.Though he thinks highly of the development of computer science, the author doesnt mean that（ ） .5.According to the passage, which of the following statements in TRUE?问

12、题1选项A.He believed that ladies were born worse preachers than men.B.He was pleased that ladies could preach, though not as well as men.C.He disapproved of ladies preaching.D.He encouraged ladies to preach问题2选项A.decision makingB.drives and feelingsC.growth of reasoning powerD.information absorption问题3

13、选项A.in the long process of evolution the slow pace of life didnt require such ability of the human brain.B.the human brain is influenced by other factors such as motivation and emotionC.the human brain may sometimes freeze up in a dangerous situationD.computers imitate life while the human brain doe

14、s not imitate computers/问题4选项A.computers are likely to become a new form of intelligent life.B.human beings have lost control of computers.C.the intelligence of computers will eventually surpass that of human beings.D.the evolution of intelligence will probably depend on that of electronic brains.问题

15、5选项A.Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood.B.Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man.C.The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of manD.Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解

16、析】1.文章第一句as Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all 提到关于电脑最让人惊讶的不是它们没有人类擅长思考，而是它们竟然可以思考，就如同Samuel博士对于女人布道的看法一样，他认为让人惊讶的是女人能布道。选项B符合题意，他为女人能布道感到开心，虽然没有男人好。2.文章第三段the

17、 opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures 提到电脑缺乏人类的动力和情感。选项B符合题意。3.文章第四段having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect提到在生活节奏缓慢的情况下，人类的大脑有一个固有的缺点，选项A符合题意。4.文章倒数第二段the reasoning power of an int

18、elligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain 提到由硅做出来的人工智能的推理能力将会追上人脑，由此可知计算机最终会拥有和人一样的推理能力，成为新的智能生命形式，选项A排除；作者在最后一段中提及计算机将超越人类的成就（a new species will arise out of man, surpassing his achievements），并且提到智力的进化不会停止，因为人类将创造出一个新的智力物种（new species）选项C、D排除。所以选项B符合题意。5.文章最后一段最后一句话

19、the new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon 提到这种新的智能生命体更可能由硅组成，可知不是必须由有机物构成这个说法是对的，选项D符合题意。5. 单选题There are some 65 species of New World monkeys. Many of these have a very useful anatomical adaptation lacking in their old world counterparts that curious “fifth hand, the preh

20、ensile （适手抓住的）tail. And in a few species the gripping tail has developed to such as extent that is actually has “fingerprints” on the tip. While of course a tail is not-accepted with fingers, it can sometimes be even more useful than an arm or a leg. A spider monkeys tail, for instance, is longer th

21、an its head and body combined, and is frequently used instead of a hand to grasp distant objects. Other monkeys less fortunate are forced to relegate at least one limb to support while they feed, whereas monkeys endowed with prehensility can hang by their tails while they feast with both hands and f

22、eet. A few New World monkeys have also evolved arms and shoulders that are suitable for swinging hand over hand through the trees like the Asiatic gibbons.1.The passage mainly discusses（ ） .2.The author probably believes that a monkey uses its prehensile tail especially for3.In the second sentence,

23、the word “their” refers to（ ） .4.It can be inferred from the passage that the Asiatic gibbons and certain New World monkeys are similar in what respect?5.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the information in the passage?问题1选项A.certain evolutionary advantages of New World monk

24、eysB.feeding habits of the spider monkeyC.the development of arms and shoulders in New World monkeysD.some anatomical adaptations of Asiatic gibbons问题2选项A.running over a grassy plainB.supporting itself while eatingC.swimming across a riverD.defending itself against enemies问题3选项A.New World monkeysB.O

25、ld World monkeysC.spider monkeysD.Asiatic gibbons问题4选项A.The length of their tailsB.Their mating habitsC.The ability to grip with their feetD.Their upper body structure问题5选项A.Some monkeys use their hands to grasp objects.B.A spider monkey has a very long tail.C.A prehensile tail has fingers.D.Asiatic

26、 gibbons can swing through trees.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.文章主要介绍了新世界猴与其他种类猴相比所具有的进化优势。其中最主要的是进化出适合抓握的尾巴以及类似于亚洲长臂猿的适合在树上摆荡的手臂和肩膀。所以选项A符合题意。2.文章中提到whereas monkeys endowed with prehensility can hang by their tails while they feast with both hands and feet，可知新世界猴在吃食物的时候能够用尾巴悬挂身体从而使双手双脚抓东西吃。选项B

27、符合题意。3.their 后面接的内容是“它们在旧世界的同类”，可知their 指的是新世界猴。选项A符合题意。4.文章最后一句话A few New World monkeys have also evolved arms and shoulders that are suitable for swinging hand over hand through the trees like the Asiatic gibbons 提到一些新世界猴进化出了类似于亚洲长臂猿那样的手臂和肩膀，所以选项D符合题意。5.文章提到while of course a tail is not-accepted w

28、ith fingers （尾巴上并没有长手指，选项C符合题意。6. 单选题If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of （ ）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。persuasion “说服”；remedy “补救办法”；encouragement “鼓励”；compromise “妥协”。句意：如果一个人提及到他的弱点，他的听众应该说一些鼓励

29、他的话。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of （ ）standards.问题1选项A.equivalentB.alikeC.uniformD.likely【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。equivalent “等价的”; alike “相同的”；uniform “统一的，一致的”；likely “很可能的”。句意：虽然他们服务好，但大多数小旅馆要比同等级水准的宾馆便宜。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题The children cheered up when they

30、 saw hundreds of colorful balloons（ ） slowly intothe sky.问题1选项A.floatingB.raisingC.heavingD.ascending【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。float “漂浮，浮动”；raise “提升，增加”；heave “举起”；ascend “攀登，上升”。句意：看到数百只彩色的气球缓缓升入天空，孩子们欢呼起来。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题A terrible traffic accident happened; people were saddened when they watched the（ ）si

31、ght on TV.问题1选项A.panicB.patrioticC.patheticD.periodic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。panic “恐慌的”；patriotic “爱国的”；pathetic “可怜的”；periodic “周期的”。句意：发生了一场严重的交通事故；当人们从电视上看到这个可怜的场面的时候都非常伤心。选项C符合题意。10. 单选题Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really（ ） of the reality that theyrepresent.问题1选项A.reflectionsB.d

32、emonstrationsC.illuminationsD.reproductions【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。reflection “反映”；demonstration “示范”；illumination “照明”；reproduction “繁殖”。句意：许多试图向世界反映现实的小说，都反映了他们所代表的现实。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题Do you have any （ ）about what living beings on other planets would be like?问题1选项A.idealB.comprehensionC.notionD.intelligen

33、ce【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。ideal “理想”；comprehension “理解力”；notion “观念，意见”；intelligence “智力”。句意：你能想象出其它星球上的生物是什么样的吗？选项C符合题意。12. 单选题Despite Denmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes. This would sound weird in Danish. When Danes talk to foreigners about Denmark, they alwa

34、ys begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes. No Dane would look you in the eye and say Denmark is a great country. Youre supposed to figure this out of yourself.It is

35、 the land of the silk safety net, where almost half the national budget goes toward smoothing out lifes inequalities, and there is plenty of money for schools, day care, retraining programs, job seminars Danes love seminars: three days at a study center hearing about waste management is almost as go

36、od as a ski trip. It is a culture bombarded by English, in advertising, pop music, the Internet, and despite all the English that Danish absorbs there is no Danish Academy to defend against it old dialects persist in Jutland that can barely be understood by Copenhageners. It is the land where, as th

37、e saying goes, Few have too much and fewer have too little, and a foreigner is struck by the sweet egalitarianism that prevails, where the lowliest clerk gives you a level gaze, where Sir and Madam have disappeared from common usage, even Mr. and Mrs. Its a nation of recycles - about 55% of Danish g

38、arbage gets made into something new and no nuclear power plants. Its a nation of tireless planners. Trains run on time. Things operate well in general.Such a nation of overachievers a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most organized c

39、ountries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere. So, of course, ones heart lifts at any sighting of Danish sleaze: skinhead graffiti on buildings (Foreigners Out of Denmark!)，broken beer bottles in the gutters, drunken

40、teenagers slumped in the park.Nonetheless, it is an orderly land. You drive through a Danish town, it comes to an end at a stone wall, and on the other side is a field of barley, a nice clean line: town here, country there. It is not a nation of jaywalkers. People stand on the curb and wait for the

41、red light to change, even if its 2 a.m. and theres not a car in sight. However, Danes dont think of themselves as a waiting-at-a-a.m.-for-the-green-light people thats how they see Swedes and Germans. Danes see themselves as jazzy people, improvisers, more free spirited than Swedes, but the truth is

42、(though one should not say it) that Danes are very much like Germans and Swedes. Orderliness is a main selling point. Denmark has few natural resources，limited manufacturing capability; its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods. You send your goods by container ship

43、to Copenhagen, and these bright, young, English-speaking, utterly honest, highly disciplined people will get your goods around to Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Russia. Airports, seaports, highways, and rail lines are ultramodern and well-maintained.The orderliness of the society doesnt mean th

44、at Danish lives are less messy or lonely than yours or mines, and no Dane would tell you so. You can hear plenty about bitter family feuds and the sorrows of alcoholism and about perfectly sensible people who went off one day and killed themselves. An orderly society cannot exempt its members from t

45、he hazards of life.But there is a sense of entitlement and security that Danes grow up with. Certain things are yours by virtue of citizenship, and you shouldnt feel bad for taking what youre entitled to, youre as good as anyone else. The rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone, the benefi

46、ts you get if you lose your job, the steps you take to get a new one; and the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to whether high unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis.1.The author thinks that Danes adopt a attitude towards their country（ ）.2.Which of the f

47、ollowing is NOT a Danish characteristic cited in the passage?3.The authors reaction to the statement by the Ministry of Business and Industry is（ ）4.According to the passage, Danish orderliness（ ） .5.At the end of the passage the author states all the following EXCEPT that（ ）问题1选项A.boastfulB.modestC

48、.deprecatingD.mysterious问题2选项A.Fondness of foreign.B.Equality in society.C.Linguistic tolerance.D.Persistent planning.问题3选项A.disapprovingB.approvingC.noncommittalD.doubtful问题4选项A.sets the people apart from German and SwedesB.spares Danes social troubles besetting other peopleC.is considered economic

49、ally essential to the countryD.prevents Danes from acknowledging existing troubles问题5选项A.Danes are clearly informed of their social benefitsB.Danes take for granted what is given to themC.the open system helps to tide the country overD.orderliness has alleviated unemployment【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第

50、5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段第一句Despite Denmarks manifest virtues, Danes never talk about how proud they are to be Danes， they always begin by commenting on its tininess, its unimportance, the difficulty of its language, the general small-mindedness and self indulgence of their countrymen and the high taxes.提到尽管在

51、外人看来丹麦有着非常多的有点，但是丹麦人自己并没有引以为傲，反而他们经常会谈论自己国家面积小、语言难懂等缺点，可以看出他们是非常谦虚的，选项B符合题意。2.文章第三段skinhead graffiti on buildings (Foreigners Out of Denmark!)提到在某些建筑物上写着“外国人滚出丹麦”可知部分丹麦人对外国人并不友好，选项A符合题意。3.文章第三段a brochure from the Ministry of Business and Industry says, Denmark is one of the worlds cleanest and most

52、organized countries, with virtually no pollution, crime, or poverty. Denmark is the most corruption-free society in the Northern Hemisphere.”提到丹麦工商部印发的宣传册上宣传丹麦是世界上最干净，最有秩序的国家，然而作者紧接着提出丹麦街头的一些不好的现象，比如有些大楼上写着“外国人滚出丹麦”、破碎的啤酒瓶，还有喝醉了的青少年等，由此看出作者对工商局的宣传持不同意的态度。选项A符合题意。4.文章第四段提到得益于做事有序，丹麦在欧洲的未来是作为代理商、银行和产品

53、分销商（its future in Europe will be as a broker, banker, and distributor of goods），选项C符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到you shouldnt feel bad for taking what youre entitled to，排除选项B；由the rules of the welfare system are clear to everyone可以排除A；由the orderliness of the system makes it possible for the country to whether high

54、 unemployment and social unrest without a sense of crisis可以排除选项D。所以选项C符合题意。13. 单选题Another trend of the 1990s in the computer industry is toward multimedia formats, as the market for conventional types of computer-those that have computation and data processing as their major functions-has begun to b

55、ecome saturated. Multimedia computers are systems that can process graphics, sound, video, and animation in addition to traditional data processing. Videocassette recorders, televisions, telephones, and audiocassette players have recently undergone a change in technology from analog to digital forma

56、ts. Television images, for example, can be processed by computer programs once they have been converted to digital signals while those in conventional analog signals cannot. In other words, digital video images can be zoomed up or down, reshaped, or rearranged by the appropriate software. Also, due

57、to advances in video-signal compression technology, the memory space required for storing a video program has been greatly reduced.Multimedia has important applications for consumer products and for business needs. Video scenes that are captured by camcorders can be combined with text, sound, and da

58、ta and can be on television sets in homes, schools, or offices. These multimedia presentations are becoming useful educational and communication tools. For example, there are availableEncyclopedias that contain video programs depicting animal behaviors, geomorphic processes, and other natural phenom

59、ena. Automobile mechanics can watch videos that demonstrate how to repair new models. In business applications, documents can be annotated with voice or video. New consumer products can be more effectively marketed by demonstrating how they can be used, CD-ROMS of numerous other subjects have been r

60、ecently published; all of them can be viewed on TV monitors using multimedia computers. These multimedia computer systems can, in turn, be incorporated into computer networks enhancing the effectiveness of communication.This multitude of new products and capabilities has been made possible by the tr

61、emendous progress of microprocessor technology. Because of the advances in this area, personal computers have become more powerful, smaller, and less expensive, which has enabled computer networks to proliferate. Many of the tasks that were traditionally performed by mainframes have been transferred

62、 to personal computers connected to communications networks. Although the mainframe continues to be produced and serves a useful purpose, it has been used more often as one of many different computers and peripheral devices connected to computer networks. In this new role, the function of mainframes

63、 as powerful processors of database systems in becoming important, and, as a result, massively parallel computers with hundreds or thousands of microprocessors are being produced. In addition to being powerful, the microprocessors used for this purpose must be inexpensive, but low costs can be achieved only if they are mass-produced. Throughout the world, more than 100,000,000 personal computers and 500,000