2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解7

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1、2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Campaigning on the Indian frontier is an experience by itself. Neither the landscape nor the people find their counterparts in any other portion of the globe. Valley walls rise steeply five or six thousand feet on every side. The columns cram through a maze

2、of giant corridors down which fierce snow-fed torrents foam under skies of brass. Amid these scenes of savage brilliancy there dwells a race whose qualifies seem to harmonize with their environment. Except at harvest-time, when self-preservation requires a temporary truce, the Pathan tribes are alwa

3、ys engaged in private or public war. Every man is a warrior, a politician and a theologian. Every large house is a real feudal fortress made, it is true, only of sun-baked clay, but with battlements, turrets, loopholes, drawbridges, etc. Complete. Every village has its defence. Every family cultivat

4、es its vendetta; every clan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another. Nothing is ever forgotten, and very few debts are left unpaid. For the purposes of social life, in addition to the convention about harvest-time, a most elaborate

5、 code of honour has been established and is on the whole faithfully observed. A man who knew it and observed it faultlessly might pass unarmed from one end of the frontier to another. The slightest technical slip would, however, be fatal. The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his vall

6、eys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse population.Into this happy world the nineteenth century brought two new facts; the rifle and the British Government. The first was an enormous luxu

7、ry and blessing; the second, an unmitigated nuisance. The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian highlands. A weapon which would kill with accuracy at fifteen hundred yards opened a whole new vista of delights to every family or clan which could acquire it. One coul

8、d actually remain in ones own house and file at ones neighbour nearly a mile away. One could lie in wait on some high crag, and at hitherto unheard-of ranges hit a horseman far below. Even villages could fire at each other without the trouble of going far from home. Fabulous prices were therefore of

9、fered for these glorious products of science. Rifle-thieves scoured all India to reinforce the efforts of the honest smuggler. A steady flow of the coveted weapons spread its genial influence throughout the frontier, and the respect which the Pathan tribesmen entertained for Christian civilization w

10、as vastly enhanced.The action of the British Government on the other hand was entirely unsatisfactory. The great organizing, advancing, absorbing power to the southward seemed to be little better than a monstrous spoil-sport. If the Pathan made forays into the plains, not only were they driven back

11、(which after all was no more than fair), but a whole series of subsequent interferences took place, followed at intervals by expeditions which toiled laboriously through the valleys, scolding the tribesmen and exacting fines for any damage which they had done. No one would have minded these expediti

12、ons if they had simply come, had a fight and then gone away again. In many cases this was their practice under what was called the “butcher and bolt policy to which the Government of India long adhered. But towards the end of the nineteenth century these intruders began to make roads through many of

13、 the valleys, and in particular the great road to Chitral. They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats by forts and by subsidies. There was no objection to the last method so far as it went. But the whole of this tendency to road-making was regarded by the Pathans with profound distas

14、te. All along the road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travelers along the road. It was too much to ask, and a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.1.The word debts in very few debts are left unpaid in file first para

15、graph means（ ）.2.Which of file following is NOT one of the geographical facts about the Indian frontier?3.According to the passage, the Pathans welcomed（ ）.4.Building roads by the British（ ）.5.A suitable title for the passage would be（ ）.问题1选项A.loansB.accountsC.killingsD.bargains问题2选项A.Melting snows

16、B.Large populationC.Steep hillsidesD.Fertile valleys问题3选项A.the introduction of the rifleB.the spread of British ruleC.the extension of luxuriesD.the spread of trade问题4选项A.put an end to a whole series of quarrelsB.prevented the Pathans from coming on feudsC.lessened the subsidies paid to the PathansD

17、.gave the Pathans a much quieter life问题5选项A.Campaigning on the Indian FrontierB.Why the Pathans Resented the British RuleC.The Popularity of Rifles among the PathansD.The Pathans at War【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.词义题。根据原文内容可知，“debts”不是指债务, 而是上文提及的“Every family cultivates its vendetta; every c

18、lan, its feud. The numerous tribes and combinations of tribes all have their accounts to settle with one another.每个家庭和氏族都有世仇恩怨，长期不和。众多的部落和部落的组合形成了怨怨相报的恶性循环局面。”所以选项C正确。2.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“The life of the Pathan is thus full of interest; and his valleys, nourished alike by endless sunshine and abundant

19、water, are fertile enough to yield with little labour the modest material requirements of a sparse population. 帕坦人的生活充满了乐趣，山谷被无尽的阳光和充沛的水滋养着，肥沃得几乎不需要劳动就能生产出稀少人口所需的适量物资。”由此可知, 选项B与原文中“sparse population”不符。3.细节事实题。根据第二段第三句“The convenience of the rifle was nowhere more appreciated than in the Indian hig

20、hlands.”步枪的便捷性在印度高地最受欢迎。选项A正确。4.判断推理题。根据最后一段的最后一句.a whole series of quarrels took their origin from this source.一系列的争吵就是从这个源头开始的。”可知选项A错误；根据“They sought to ensure the safety of these roads by threats, by forts and by subsidies.他们试图通过威胁、筑堡垒和发放补贴来确保这些道路的安全。”可知选项C也错误；选项D在文中没有提及；根据最后一段倒数第二句“All along th

21、e road people were expected to keep quiet, not to shoot one another, and above all not to shoot at travelers along the road.一路上人们都被要求保持安静，不要互相射击, 最重要的是不要向沿途的行人开枪。”客观上来说, 阻止了帕坦人之间的仇恨, 所以选项B正确。5.主旨大意题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要描述的都是和帕坦人相关，所以首先排除选项A，范围太广；选项B和C只是文中提到的细节，不够全面；只有选项D最能概括全文主旨，所以正确。2. 单选题Attendance at ci

22、nema has（ ） greatly since the invention of TV sets.问题1选项A.dropped inB.dropped offC.dropped onD.dropped out【答案】B【解析】词组辨析题。A选项drop in“使落进”；B选项drop off“减少”；C选项drop on“偶然发现，突然拜访”；D选项drop out“退出，脱离”。句意：自从发明电视机以来，看电影的人就大大减少了。选项B符合句意。3. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English劳动仲裁类似于中世纪手工业行会的调停话动，

23、它是多步骤申述体制之最终结果。尽管信托关系可以口头创立，但却一般是经书面文件形式确认。破坏环境之行为可以被法律规定为犯罪。因股东大会不够法定人数，故该决议被认定无效。【答案】Labor arbitration, similar to the mediation activities in the medieval craft guilds, is the final result of multi-step representation system.A trust may be created orally, but usually is set up in a written form.A

24、n act that is destructive to the environment may be criminalized by statue.The resolution was invalid because the shareholders meeting was not quorate.4. 单选题The founding of new China（ ）peoples desire for independence.问题1选项A.declaredB.impliedC.manifestedD.announced【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项declare“宣布，声明”；B选项

25、imply“意味，暗示”；C选项manifest“表明，显示”；D选项announce“宣布”。句意：新中国的成立表明了人民对独立的渴望。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题Despite their good service; most inns are less costly than hotels of（ ） standards.问题1选项A.equivalentB.alikeC.uniformD.likely【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项equivalent“相等的”；B选项alike“相似的”；C选项uniform“统一的”；D选项likely“可能的”。句意：尽管他们的服务好；但相

26、对于同等标准的旅馆来说，大多数旅馆都更便宜。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题There is much discussion today about the need for the government to（ ）the theatre.问题1选项A.substituteB.subsidizeC.subscribeD.subordinate【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项substitute“代替”；B选项subsidize“资助”；C选项subscribe“签署，赞成”；D选项subordinate“使服从”。句意：今天将重点讨论政府是否有必要对剧院进行补贴。选项B符合句意。7. 翻译题当

27、前我国经济发展的势头良好，经济增长基本做到了速度、质量和效益的平衡。 但是，我们应该淸醒地看到，世界上没有一个国家的经济发展会长盛不衰，会永远保持高速度，中国也不例外。改革开放取得的成就是有目共睹的，但是，随着经济形势的变化，又出现了一些新的矛盾和问题，比如，国企改革问题、失业率高问题、金融风险问题以及生态环境破坏问题等。这些问题都需要我们高度重视，尽快找到有效的解决办法。【答案】Our economy is doing really well; we have basically struck a balance between speed, quality and economic ben

28、efit in terms of economic growth. But we should be soberly aware that there is no country in the world that can perpetuate an economic boom and high-speed growth, so China will not be an exception. The achievements of Chinas reform and opening-up have been there for all to see, but as the economic c

29、limate changes, some new contradictions and problems emerges again, such as the reform of the state-owned enterprises, high unemployment rate, financial risk, ecological and environmental damage, etc. All of these problems require us to pay high attention to and find effective solutions as soon as p

30、ossible.8. 单选题My brother is a painter and works in a（ ）.问题1选项A.studioB.stallC.senateD.stage【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项studio“工作室，画室”；B选项stall“货摊”；C选项senate“参议院”；D选项stage“舞台”。句意：我的兄弟是个画家，在一个画室工作。选项A符合语境。9. 单选题How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet con

31、tentious social policy questions. In many ways, our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same consequences today as it did in the 1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margi

32、n of substance, and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing affluence, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed, and improved social welfare protection have unqu

33、estionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the overwhelming majority are from multiple earners, relatively affluent families. Most of those count

34、ed by the poverty statistics are the elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree

35、of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support. Since the number exp

36、eriencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffers. For every person counted in

37、 the monthly unemployment tallies, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the

38、working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence, it is uncertain whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by

39、 job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.1.What does the “labor market problems” ref

40、er to?2.The author contrasts the 1930s with the present in order to show that（ ）.3.The authors purpose in citing those who are repeatedly unemployed during a year is most probably to show that（ ）.4.According to the passage, one factor that causes our society to overestimate the degree of economic ha

41、rdship is the（ ）.问题1选项A.A The overall causes of povertyB.Deficiencies in the training of the work forceC.Trade relationships among producers of goodsD.Shortage of jobs providing adequate income问题2选项A.more people were employed in the 1930sB.social programs are more needed now.C.unemployment now has l

42、ess severe effectsD.now there is a greater proportion问题3选项A.there are several factors that cause the payment of low wages to some members of the labor forceB.unemployment statistics can underestimate the hardship the poor workers sufferC.recurrent unemployment in the labor market can cause hardships

43、 for individual workersD.a majority of those who are jobless at any time does not suffer severe hardship问题4选项A.recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workers.B.fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wagesC.establishment of a system of record keepin

44、g that makes it possible to compile poverty statisticsD.prevalence of secondary earners among low-wage workers and the unemployed【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.语义题。根据关键词“labor market problems”定位到第一段第一句“有多少人因为劳动力市场问题而遭受不幸呢?”下文随即指出“Unemployment does not have the same consequences today. 如今失业不会带来同样的后果。”

45、由此可知，这里的劳动市场问题指的是失业，选项D符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据下文“不断增加的财富、不止一个收入者的家庭增多、失业人群中中等收入者的优势日益显现，以及社会福利保障的改善，这些都毫无疑问地减轻了失业的后果。”由此可推断，作者是想表达现在的失业问题所带来的影响没有那么严重。选项C正确。3.作者意图题。根据题干可以定位到第二段的内容，本段的中心句为段落首句“Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. 然而，我们的

46、社会统计数据在许多方面低估了与劳动力市场相关的困难程度。”接下来进行举例说明。由此可知，作者提到那些一年内多次失业的人，是为了表明统计数据低估了贫困工人所遭受的苦难，所以选项B正确。4.判断推理题。原文第一段指出社会统计数据在许多方面夸大了困难的程度，然后在第一段最后一句指出，计算在贫困统计之内的人大部分是年老者、残疾人或者由于家庭负担不能进入劳务市场者，因此这些贫困统计数据根本就不能精确地反映出劳动力市场所存在的问题。由此可推断，之所以会高估经济困难的程度，是因为建立了记录系统，使得编撰贫穷统计数据成为可能，这些数据不一定是真实情况的反映，所以选项C正确。10. 单选题He tried to

47、 wave aside these issues as（ ）details that would be settled later after he finished dealing with the important ones.问题1选项A.versatileB.trivialC.preliminaryD.alternate【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项versatile“通用的，多才多艺的”；B选项trivial“琐碎的”；C选项preliminary“初步的”；D选项alternate“交替的，轮流的”。句意：他试图把这些问题当作鸡毛蒜皮的小事置之不理，等他处理完重要的问题后再

48、解决。选项B符合句意。11. 单选题Im afraid I （ ）forgot her birthday.问题1选项A.pureB.rightC.sheerD.clean【答案】C【解析】副词辨析题。A选项pure“纯粹的”；B选项right“正确的”；C选项sheer“完全，彻底”；D选项clean“干净的”。句意：我恐怕完全忘记她的生日了。选项C符合句意。12. 单选题Whether their football team win is a matter of（ ）to me.问题1选项A.indifferenceB.discriminationC.deviationD.interests

49、【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项indifference“漠不关心”；B选项discrimination“歧视，区别”；C选项deviation“偏差，误差”；D选项interest“兴趣，爱好”。句意：他们的足球队是否能赢对我来说无关紧要。选项A符合语境。13. 单选题Living in poverty, she sold for 1000 dollars the（ ） of her fathers first work, which made him famous.问题1选项A.manuscriptB.documentC.fileD.duplicate【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选

50、项manuscript“手稿，原稿”；B选项document“文件”；C选项file“文件，档案”；D选项duplicate“副本，复制品”。句意：由于生活贫困，她以1000美元的价格卖掉了她父亲第一部作品并且使之成名的手稿。选项A更符合语境。14. 单选题The banners are packed, the tickets booked. The glitter and white overalls have been bought. The gas masks just fit and the mobile phones are ready. All that remains is to

51、 get to the parties.This week will see a feast of pan-European protests. It started on Bastille Day, last Saturday, with the French unions and immigrants on the streets and the first demonstrations in Britain and Germany about climate. It will continue tomorrow and Thursday with environmental and pe

52、ace rallies against President Bush. But the big one is in Genoa, on Friday and Saturday, where the G8 leaders will meet behind the lines of 18.000 heavily armed police. Unlike Prague, Gothenburg, Cologne or Nice, Genoa is expected to be Europes Seattle, the coming together of the disparate strands o

53、f resistance to corporate globalization.Neither the protesters nor the authorities know what will happen, but some things are predictable. Yes, there will be violence and yes, the mass media will focus on it. What should seriously concern the G8 is not so much the violence, the numbers in the street

54、s or even that they themselves look like idiots hiding behind the barricades, but that the deep roots of a genuine new version of internationalism are growing.For the first time in a generation, the international political and economic condition is in the dock. Moreover, the protesters are unlikely

55、to go away, their confidence is growing rather than waning, their agendas are merging, the protests are spreading and drawing in all ages and concerns.No single analysis has drawn all the strands of the debate together. In the meantime, the global protest “movement” is developing its own language, t

56、exts, agendas, myths, heroes and villains, just as the G8 leaders, world bodies and businesses talk increasingly from the same script, so the protesters once disparate political and social analyses are converging. The long-term project of governments and world bodies to globalize capital and develop

57、ment is being mirrored by the globalization of protest.But what happens next? Governments and world bodies are unsure which way to turn. However well they are policed, major protests reinforce the impression of indifferent elites, repression of debate, overreaction to dissent, injustice and unaccoun

58、table power.Their options apart from actually embracing the broad agenda being put to them are to retreat behind even higher barricades, repress dissent further, abandon global meetings altogether or. more likely, meet only in places able to physically resist the masses.Brussels is considering build

59、ing a super fortress for international meetings. Genoa may be the last of the European super-protests.1.According to the context, the word “parties” at the end of the first paragraph refers to（ ）.2.According to the passage, economic globalization is paralleled by（ ）.3.According to the last paragraph

60、, what is Brussels considering doing ?问题1选项A.the meeting of the G8 leadersB.the protests on Bastille Day.C.the coming pan-European protestsD.the big protest to be held in Genoa问题2选项A.the emerging differences in the global protest movementB.the disappearing differences in the global protest movementC

61、.the growing European concern about globalizationD.the increase in the number of protesters问题3选项A.Meeting in places difficult to reachB.Further repressing dissentC.Accepting the protesters agenda.D.Abandoning global meetings【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。结合上下文可知，这里的“parties”指的是第二段首句提及的“This week wil

62、l see a feast of pan-European protests. 本周将有一场全欧洲的抗议盛宴。”选项C与原文表述一致，所以正确。2.判断推理题。根据第五段的最后一句“The long-term project of governments and world bodies to globalize capital and development is being mirrored by the globalization of protest.各国政府和世界机构使资本和发展全球化的长期项目正在抗议的全球化中得到反映。”这句话的意思是对上文的总结，即全球抗议运动正在发展自己的语言

63、、文字、议程、神话、英雄和坏人，就像G8领导人一样，世界各地的机构和企业越来越多地用同一套说辞进行对话。因此，抗议者曾经迥然不同的政治和社会分析正在合并。也就是说，他们之间的差异分歧正在逐步消除，因此选项B符合原文。3.判断推理题。根据原文最后一段第一句“Brussels is considering building a super fortress for international meetings.布鲁塞尔正在考虑为国际会议建造一座超级堡垒。”这里的超级堡垒即上一段所提及的“retreat behind even higher barricades. 退到更高的街垒后面去。”也就是在难以到达的地方见面。选项A符合原文。15. 单选题The government officials estimate that the war has created more than half a million（ ）who need immediate food, clothing and shelter.