高一英语必修3内容要点

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1、高一英语必修3内容要点Unit11. mean 的用法1). mean doing sth.mean doing sth. 的意思是“意味着（必须要做某事或导致种结果）”, 其主语通常是指事物的词。2). mean to do sth.mean to do sth. 的意思是“打算或企图做某事”，其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词，其过去完成式表示“本来打算做某事”。3). mean sb. to do sth.mean sb. to do sth. 的意思是“打算让某人做某事”，也可以用于被动结构。4). mean 后接名词、副词或从句mean 后接名词或副词，意为“表示；打算；存心”等意思；后

2、接that 从句，意为“表示”。5). be meant for该短语的意思是“打算给予；打算作用”。In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting2. take place 发生；举行 The performance didnt take place after all. 演出终于没有进行。 Was there anybody passing by when the accident took place? 事故发生时，

3、有人路过那里吗？与place相关短语：in the first place （用于列举理由）首先，第一点in the last place 最后in ones place 处于某人的位置，为某人设身处地想一想in place 放在原来的位置，就位in place of 代替，用而不用take ones place 找替某人接替某人的位置take place 不能用于被动语态中 3. of all kinds 各种各样的【归纳】all kinds of 各种各样的 the same kind of 相同种类的different kinds of 不同种类的 this/that kind of 这

4、（那）种 a kind of 某种 That kind of question is very difficult to answer.= Questions of that kind are difficult to answer. We sell all kinds of shoes.= We sell shoes of all kinds. You can see different kinds of animals in the zoo.= You can see animals of different kinds in the zoo. 你在动物园可以看见不同种类的动物。（用动词的

5、适当形式填空） Books of this kind _ (sell) well in the bookstore. This kind of books _ (sell) well in the bookstore.句中谓语动词的单复数由“books”确定。句中的谓语动词由“kind”确定。4. starve v. 挨饿; 饿死 He said he would starve rather than beg for food. 他说他宁愿挨饿也不要饭吃。starve to death 饿死5. plenty n. 富裕days/years/.of plenty 富裕的日子/年月You hav

6、e a life of plenty, what would you be worried about?plenty pron. 大量; 充足plenty of可修饰可数名词和不可数名词, 用于陈述句, 在疑问句中一般用enough, 在否定句中用many或者much。小心在plenty of前面没有冠词, 不可误记成a plenty of。如: You neednt hurry. There is plenty of time left. 你不必慌忙, 剩下的时间很充足。 Taking plenty of exercise every day keeps you healthy. 每天多运动

7、会使你身体健康。6. 1) satisfy vt. 满足,使满意; satisfy sb. satisfied a. 感到满意的; be satisfied withsatisfying a. 令人愉快的 satisfaction n. 满意; to ones satisfactionsatisfactorily ad. 满意地 satisfactory a. 令人满意的She bought a satisfactory computerits cheap and of high quality.辨析 satisfactory, satisfied, satisfyingsatisfactor

8、y, 指客观的事物或主观的表现达到要求而令人满意, 主语一般用客体。satisfied指主体对事物或表现感到满意, 主语是主体(人)如:She is satisfied with the service. 她对该项服务感到满意。satisfying: giving pleasure令人愉快, 主语是不定式, 常用于句型: Its satisfying to do sth. 做.使人满意如:Its satisfying to learn the success of his son in job-hunting.得知儿子找到工作,令他非常高兴。hurt, injure, harm, damage

9、, wound的区别与用法 hurt 普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害,也可精神上, 感情上的伤害。如:The girl hurt herself badly in the accident.那位女孩在那次事故中伤得很重。injure比hurt正式, hurt多指伤痛, 而injure则指损害健康, 成就, 容貌等,强调功能的损失。如:He injured his hand while playing basketball.他在打篮球时手受了伤。damage主要指对于物的损害,强调对于价值、用途、外观等所造成的损失, 这种损失或因自然灾害所致, 或因人为造成。如： Several cars wer

10、e damaged in the accident.好几辆汽车在事故中损坏了。wound 指枪伤, 刀伤, 刺伤等皮肉之伤, 是出血的, 严重的伤, 特指战场上受伤, 它可以指肉体上的伤害, 也可指人们精神上的创伤。如:The bullet wounded his left leg. 子弹打伤了他的左腿。7.origin n. 起源；源头 the origins of the life on earth 地球上生命的起源。in memory of/ to the memory of sb. 纪念某人 The statue was built in memory of the famous sc

11、ientist.8. dress作及物动词时, 不接clothes之类的表示衣服的名词, 而是接表示人的句词或代词, 意思是“给穿衣服”。当表示自己穿衣服时, 则用反身代词, 如：Wake up children and dress them. 唤醒孩子,给他们穿上衣服。dress的过去分词常用来构成get dressed与be dressed短语, 前者表示动态, 后者表示静态, 穿何种衣服, 则用介词in. 如：Harry up and get dressed. 快点穿上衣服。The girl was dressed in red. 这个女孩穿着一身红衣服。dress up是“穿上最好的衣

12、服”, 常指“打扮,化装”，如:You should dress up when you take part in the party.She is _ in red today and looks very beautiful.A. wearing B. having on C. dressing D. dressed9. award. n. 奖, 奖品 v. 判给, 授予award sb. sth. 奖赏某人某物辨析: award 和reward：award后接双宾语 award sb. a metal 授予某人奖章reward 奖赏, 给报酬, 不能接双宾语;reward sb. for

13、 sth. 因 奖赏某人；reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人She rewarded herself with a cup of coffee after a whole mornings hard work. 10. admire v. 意为“赞赏;钦佩;羡慕;赞美;夸奖”注意: 表示“在某方面钦佩某人”用“admire sb. for sth.” We all admire him for his courage and bravery. 我们都钦佩他的勇气和胆识。11. look forward to (doing) sth. 意为期待着(做)某事, 其中的to是介

14、词, 而不是动词不定式符号。12. as though和as if没有什么区别。as if用得普遍些, 却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句, 其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。(1) 引导方式状语从句 She acted as though nothing had happened 她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。当从句主语和主句主语一致,从句谓语中又含有动词to be时, 可以把主语和to be一起省去。He looked about as though (he was) in search of something 他四处张望, 好像寻找什么。(2) 引导表语从句It looks as if its g

15、oing to rain看样子天要下雨as though和as if从句用虚拟语气,还是用陈述语气。完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反,或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。 The child talks as if she were an adult. 那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。13. have fun意为“过得快乐”同义词组为have a good time, enjoy oneself. 短语有have fun ( in ) doing sth.14. But she didnt turn up.1) 来, 出席(某活动) Im very happy you

16、turned up so early.2) 把(收音机等)音量开大一些, 其反义短语是turn down.Turn up the radio a little, I can scarcely hear the program.相关短语:turn down 拒绝 turn off 关掉 turn on 打开 turn out 结果是.turn to sb. for help 向某人求助15. keep ones word 意为“守信用”,其反义词是break ones word, 即“失信”。 注意：keep ones word和break ones word中的名词word不能用复数形式。相关

17、短语：in a word/in short/to be short 简言之；总之have a word with sb. 与某人谈话have words with sb. 与某人发生口角in other words 换句话说16. obvious adj. 1) obvious+ to + 表示人的名词或代词 Her disappointment was obvious to her friend.2) It + be + obvious +that-clause It was obvious that she was in danger. 辨析：obvious/apparent/clear1

18、) obvious 是三者中程度最强的，含有“一目了然” 之意。 It is obvious that you are wrong.2) apparent 指具有某些明显的迹象的，侧重与经历推理才能看出结果。It was apparent from his face that he was lying.3) clear 作“明白的，清楚的”讲。指不模糊含混，易于观察，了解和识别。 He seems clear about his plans. 17. marry 的用法： 1) 她嫁给了一个律师。 She married a doctor. 表示“和.结婚”，“嫁.”，“娶.”时，marry为

19、及物动词，要用marry sb.，而不用marry with sb. 2) 她和一位律师结婚了。 She was married to a lawyer. 表示婚姻状态, 后接宾语时要用介词to， 而不用with. 3) 他们结婚三年了。They have been married for three years.注意：marry和get married 都表示短暂行为，不能和表示一段时间的短语连用，而have been married则表示婚姻状态，可以与表示婚姻状态持续多久的时间状语连用。18. set off: 动身, 出发; 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸; 使某物更有吸引力相关短语： set

20、about doing sth. 着手（做某事） set in 开始 set up 建立，创立 set down 写下，记下set somebody to do something. 使某人开始工作 set somebody doing something 使某人处于某种动的状态 19. remind vi. remind sb. of sth. remind sb. to do sth. remind sb. that unit21. diet和food的区别2. balanced diet You ought to have a balanced state of mind. 你应该保持心

21、态平衡。Try to balance your diet by eating more fruit. 多吃一些水果, 使饮食均衡。Please gain a better balance between work and play. 请争取把工作和娱乐更好地结合起来。3. always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly和never是英语中最常见的频度副词,它们在句中的位置大致相同：通常放在行为动词之前,系动词be、助动词和情态动词之后。但它们所表示的含义及频度是各不相同的。(1) always的频度为100%,表示动作重复、状态继续，中间没有间断, 意思是“

22、总是”、“永远地”。(2) usually的频度为70%左右，意为“通常”、“平常”, 即很少有例外。(3) often的频度为50%左右,意为“常常”,但不如usually那么频繁, 表示动作重复, 中间有间断。 (4) sometimes的频度为20%左右,意为“有时”,表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首,以示强调。(5) hardly的频度为5%左右,意为“几乎不”、“简直不”,常和ever连用表示强调。(6) never的频度为0,意为“从来不”、“永不”。4. 用比较级形式表示最高级的意义Nothing could have been better5 .be tired of + n.

23、厌倦6. curiosity n. 好奇心curious adj. 好奇的，稀奇的 curiously adv.Curiosity leads him to the ancient castle. 7. whether and if 的区别：1) 用于动词之后, 引导宾语从句时可以互换。2) if 不可以和 or not 直接连用而 whether可以。3) whether to doI dont know whether to answer it.4) whether 可引导同位语、表语从句。5) whether 可以放在句首引导主语从句而if 不可以。8. have sb. doing 表

24、示允许或容忍(某事物)发生此处的have 用在否定句中, 特别是用在will not, can not 等之后。9. get away with doing sth. 不因某事受惩罚get away with sth. 偷携某物潜逃。10. earn one living by.=live by.=make a living by. 谋生/挣钱维持生活11.be in debt欠债 be out of debt还清债务be in sbs debt欠某人之情12.no longer=not .any longer 不再1) no more/no longerno more表示数量上或程度上“不再

25、”no longer 表示时间上“不再”延续He is no more a student.He is no longer young.2) no more.than/not more.thanno more.than .和.一样不（两者都否定）not more.than 不如.(前者不如后者)Xiao Li is no more diligent than John.小李不勤奋，约翰也不勤奋。Xiao Li is not more diligent than John.小李不如约翰勤奋。13.glare at sb. 怒目注视某人 stare atinto 盯着14.only to do s

26、th. 表示一个与主语愿望相反的或出乎主语预料的结果.或用来暗示最初的未能实现的动作。 Only doing sth. 表示谓语动词本身的动作造成的结果。For nearly three hours we waited for the decision, only to be told to come again the next day.He died, only leaving nothing but debts.15.1) agree with sb./with ones words表示同意某人、同意某人的话或观点, 含有赞赏地、肯定地对待某事之意。2) be agreed（on /ab

27、out sth.） 意为 “达成协议；意见一致”。 Agree to sth. 表示“同意某事或某项建议”，后面只能接表示“提议，计划，方案”的名词。3) agree to do sth. 表示“同意做某事”，4) agree 后面接从句Unit31.A large quantity of money= a large sum of money 常用于修饰不可数名词。a large amount of money1) 只用于修饰可数名词的有:dozens ofscores of a great many a big (large/great) number ofbig (large/great

28、) numbers of2) 只用于修饰不可数名词的有:mucha great (good) deal ofa great (good) amount of3) 既可修饰可数名词, 也可修饰不可数名词的有:a lot of lots ofplenty ofa large quantity of 2. do with/deal with两个都有 “处理,对付”之意do with中的do是及物动词; 而deal with中的deal是不及物动词,所以do with用what提问, deal with用how提问。3. make a bet on sth. with sb.= bet on sth.

29、 with sb. I bet = Im certain 我肯定4. be about to do 正要（即将）做某事辨析：be about to/ be to/ be going to1)be about to do sth. 表示 “马上就要”，一般不和时间状语连用。2)be to表示按计划或职责、义务要求必须做的事或即将发生的动作。3)be going to打算将要做某事，也可表示很可能发生的事或自然现象。5. be lost 迷路；倾心于某事6. permit someone to do 准许做某事permit doing 准许做某事permit 表示“允许，许可”时语气较强，有赋予权

30、利之意，常用于法律、规章、制度等方面。allow是常用语， 一般指听任或默认某人去做某事，仅仅表示不想妨碍之意7. by accident= by chance8. find oneself +介词短语/分词 (发现某人自己不知不觉)9. earn ones passage 挣取旅费10. account for 对做出解释；说明原因11.to be honest (with sb.)= to tell you the truth = honestly speaking12.1) tiny: very small 极小的，微小的 a tiny baby, a tiny school 2) no

31、t a little 许多，很 not a bit 一点也不13.take a/ the/ chance/ chances 碰运气；冒风险14.manner 表“方式，方法”，常用单数； 表“举止，态度”，也用单数； 表“礼貌，礼仪”，常用复数。15.in rags 衣衫褴褛16.even if even though 即使17.mind (sb/sbs) doing something表示“介意或反对某人做某事” Do you mind if+从句（谓语动词常用一般现在时）? 表示“你介意（某人做某事）吗？would mind if+从句（谓语动词常用过去式），表示“如果的话, 某人会介意的

32、18.“It is +形容词+of / for someone to do”句型中Unit41. think of sb./sth. as. think sb. to be. think well /highly / much of think ill / little / poorly of. be well thought of2. in timein time (for sth. /to do sth.): 与time相关的短语: in no time 立刻,马上 at times 有时 at a time 每次;依次 once upon a time 从前 on time 按时;准时

33、at one time 从前 for the time being 暂时 from time to time 不时地3. cool down 变凉, 冷却4. appear 是指根据事物的外表表象做出判断的, 但实质上并不一定如此; seem是表示说话人主观上的判断, 暗含有一定的根据, 往往接近事实的判断; look是根据视觉印象而得出的判断, 实质上也可能如此。appear, look, seem 后均可带名词、形容语、to be 结构。look 可用于进行时,而 seem, appear 一般不能。appear 和 seem 之后可接动词不定式的一般式、完成式以及其他形式,而 look

34、之后除了能接to be 结构外,不接其它动词不定式形式。 look, seem 能与介词 like 构成习语，意思是“看上去象”, 而 appear 却不能seem, look 后均可接 as if , as though 引导的表语从句,从句中既可用陈述语气也可用虚拟语气,而 appear 则不能。appear 和seem 均可接 that 引导的从句,而 look 不能。appear 和 seem 可用于there be 结构中,而 look 不能5. be different from6. lay (laid; laid; laying) 放置;产卵 lie (lay; lain; ly

35、ing) 躺;位于 lie (lied; lied; lying) 说谎 7. go by 表示 “时间的过去”, 相当于pass,经过,过去 pass by “从旁边经过;不理睬”8. prevent sth. / sb. (from) doing sth. 制止(防止)某人(某物)做某事注意:与prevent sb. from doing sth.类似结构的有keep/stop sb. from doing sth.,但keep sb. from doing sth.中from不可省略prevent / stop sb. from doing sth.中的from可省,但如在被动语态中,他

36、们中的from都不可省。9. believe sb. 相信某人（所说的话）believe in sb. 信任/信赖某人trust (in) sb. 相信/信任/信赖某人depend on 信任/相信/依赖/依靠某人count on sb. 信任/相信/依赖/依靠某人rely on 信任/相信/依赖/依靠某人10. be off = set off 出发；动身与off相关的短语: set.off 送行 kick off 踢球 jump off 跳下 give off 散发 show off 炫耀shut off 关闭get off 下车take off 脱下turn off 关闭pay off

37、付清；还清11. get close to 靠近，接近，指动态变化 be close to 距.近，指状态与get相关的短语:get along 相处融洽，进展等get down to开始认真对待，开始认真考虑get on 上车get through到达；通过；办完，花光(钱、时间等)。get to 到达12. 1). “A + be + 倍数 + as +形容词原级 + as + B”. 2). “A + be + 倍数 +形容词比较级 + than + B ” 3). “A + be + 倍数 + the +名词 (size, length, amount) + of + B”13. no

38、w that同since相似，语气较弱，强调人们已知的事实。14. break out它与happen, take place, come out等词的用法一样，是不及物动词，不能带宾语，不能用于被动语态。break down 打破; 毁掉; 破除; 坍塌; 坏掉break in 破门而入; 打断break away from 脱离政党; 打破陈规 break through 突围; 突破; 冲垮; 克服break up 打碎; 拆散; 分裂; 分解break ones word/promise食言; 说话不算数15. cheer up; cheer sb. up 感到高兴振奋 16. mas

39、ses of 许多，大量17. get the hang of 熟悉,掌握,理解18. exhausting (sth); exhausted (sb)Unit51. rather than 表示客观事实，意为“是而不是；与其不如”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。 注意：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to, 。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。2. be surrounded by 3. remain用作不及物动词, 意为“剩下、留下、呆在”, 相当于stay“呆在那里”可

40、以说 remain /stay there,但“呆在家里”只能说stay(at)homeremainremain作名词时,表示 “剩余物”, 一般用其复数形式4. settle down 1) 坐下，躺下2) 过安定的生活3) 安下心来，专心致志于settle down to “使某人安下心来做”，在此短语中，to 是介词。与settle相关的短语: settle an old score 清算旧帐 settle for sth. 勉强接受 settle in/into sth. 适应 settle on sth. 选定，决定5. have a gift for. 在.方面有天分/天赋gift

41、 特指与生俱来的天份或才能，如绘画、音乐等。6. thousands of 成千上万的 类似的用法还有：hundreds of 数以百计的scores of 许多millions of 上百万的dozens of 许多，大量tens of thousands of 数以万计的7. within与in表达时间的区别:within指在时间范围之内，不超过；而in 是经过若干时间，指期限之外。 Ill be there within an hour. （一小时之内） Ill be there in an hour.（一小时之后）8. 复合形容词1). N-Ned baby-faced (娃娃脸的)

42、horse-faced (马脸的)2). adj-Ned good-mannered (有礼貌的) narrow-minded (心胸狭窄的)absent-minded (心不在焉的) old-fashioned (过时的) short-sighted (近视的)3). 数字-Ned one-legged (独脚的) three-headed (三个头的) five-sided (五个边的) two-storied (两层楼的)例外数字-计量单位(-adj)，注意复数时，单位名词仍不加s。 three-year-old (三岁大的) two-week (两个礼拜的) one-way (单行的)

43、 4). N-Ving body-building (强身的) peace-loving (爱好和平的)heart-warming (感人的) law-abiding (守法的)5). adj-Ving easy-going (悠哉的) good-looking (美貌的) high-sounding (夸张的)6). adv-Ving hard-working (工作努力的) fast-moving (移动快速的) far-reaching (影响深远的)7). N-pp(过去分词) heart-broken (伤心的) hand-made (手工的) man-caused (人为的) 8)

44、. adj-pp plain-spoken (坦白说话的) ready-made (现成的) clean-cut (清秀的)9). adv-pp out-spoken (直言的) well-known (著名的) well-behaved (守规矩的) 9. not until 在句首, 主句用倒装。Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世纪初, 人类才知道热能是什么。用于强调句It is not until thatIt was not until I told him th

45、at he knew about it. 直至我告诉他，他才知道这件事。10. especially表示“尤其, 格外,特别”,意思相当于“in particular ”或“particularly”。多用在介词短语或连词前面。specially表示“为了一个特别的目的,专门地, 特别地”, 意思相当于“for a special reason or purpose”。11. as far as (程度副词) “远达，远至”He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening. 昨天傍晚, 他一直散步到火车站。 一些带有as.as 结构的常见短语： as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌 as easy as ABC 像ABC一样容易 as deep as a well 像井一样深 as light as a feather 像羽毛一样轻 as soft as butter 像黄油一样软 as rich as a Jew像犹太人一样富裕12. wide 和 broad 都是“广阔”的意思,常可换用,但说 wide 时,着重于一边到另一边的距离,而说 broad 时着重于幅面的宽广,可修饰背、肩、胸,心胸等的宽阔,还有“开朗”之意。