第三讲形容词

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1、第三讲 形容词、副词、介词（短语）的考杳形容词和副词是历年高考的必考点，是考生做好英语语法填空题和短文改错题必须要掌握的知识。形容词主要用来修饰名词和代词，表示事物或人的性质和特征。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词甚至是句子。高考对形容词和副词的考查主要体现在以下几方面：1.形容词和副词的基本用法，主要涉及名词、形容词、副词之间的词性转化；2.形容词和副词比较等级的用法；3.易混淆的形容词和副词的用法。（一）语法填空常考点典题感悟（考什么、怎么考）常设错点（为什么、怎么办）典题感悟（考什么、怎么考）谨记规律（为什么、怎么办） (2016 全国卷 n )If you feel stressed

2、 by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify ( 识另U) those of greater (great) and less importance. (2014 全国卷 I )Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner (clean) than ever. (2014 辽宁咼考)The harder (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you

3、 will get hit.He controls you ! (2014 广东咼考)After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months earlier (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.比较级常考查的四种情况：（1）句中含有“ than .结构用比较级。（2）句中虽然没有“ than.结构，但暗含比较的意味，也用比较级。表示“越”就越” ”用“the +比较级., the+

4、比较级.”结构。（4）常放在比较级前面用来修饰比较级的词和 短语有 much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal 及数字、倍数等。 I can hardly believe that Betty can speak Chinese as fluently (fluent) as we do.平级比较的两个基本句式：（1）as +形容词（副词）原级+ as . “和” 一 样”。not as/so+形容词（副词）原级+ as . “不 如”。（2）as+形容词原级+ a（n） + n.+ as . “和”

5、 一样”。 How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better (good) voice.否疋词 no, not, never等与比较级连用可表示 最高级意义。 I now turn out to be a great speaker. Looking back, I know the greatest (great) difficulty on our way to success is our fear, overcome it and we will be able to achieve our goals.最高级的一个基本结构：

6、表达在某个范围内“最”，使用“the+最咼级+比较范围”结构。形容词和副词的比较等级 （2016 全国卷川）The teenage years from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. （2016 四川咼考）The dishes that I cooked were Mom s favoritest. （2015 陕 西高考）My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I de

7、cided to ask her for help.比较等级的错用（1）比较级与取咼级的错用。表示二者比较用比较级；表示二者或三者以上比较用最高级原级与比较级的错用。右句中有than或暗含比较意味用比较级，若没有比较意味或表示冋等程度的比较则用原级没有比较等级的形容词和副词absolute（ly）绝对的（地）entire（ly）完全的（地）complete（ly）完整的（地）thorough（ly）彻底的（地） perfect（ly）元美的（地）favorite最喜欢的（2013 全国卷 I ）1 remember my grandfather very much.意近引起的错用有些形容词或副

8、词意思相近但不能混用，例如，表示记得很清楚”，应用 clearly/well，而不能用 much。 （2016 全国卷 川）However, my parents didn t seem to think such. （2016 浙江咼考）When I was a very young child, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late. （2014 辽宁咼考）Beside, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day. （2013 四川咼考）I fo

9、und the test difficult, but I tried hardly to do it. The industry of France was not yet high developed at that time.形近引起的错用（1）such与so： so是副词，可以放在形容词或副词之前作状语； such是代词或限疋词，可用来修饰名词，作疋语。（2）late, later, lately :late adj.迟到，近深夜的adv.迟，晚later（也是late的比较级）adj.后来的，以后的 adv.后来，以后lately adv.（= recently）最近，近来besid

10、es与 beside： besides作介词，后应接兵语，表示 除” 之外（还）”；作副词，表示与上文的递进关系， 意为“此外”； beside只能作介词，意为 在旁边 （或附近）。意义有别的同根副词close靠近（通常指距离）closely密切地，仔细地hard努力地，费力地hardly几乎不（5）表示宽、咼、深的副词都有两种形式，以-ly结尾的表示抽象意义，与形容词同形的表示具体意义。wide宽地widely广泛地high高地highly高度地 deep深地 deeply深深地（二）短文改错常考点高考对介词的考查主要集中在 介词的基本用法 及介词与其他词构成的固定短语 的用法上。语法填空题

11、对介词的 考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对考生正确理解句意提出了较高的要求。短文改错题对介词的考查主要涉及 介词的多余、缺失或误用，其中固定搭配中介词的误用是考查的重点。（一）语法填空常考点1.固定搭配中的介词典题感悟（考什么、怎么考）谨记规律（为什么、怎么办）介词（短语的考査（2016 全国卷 I ）But my connection withpandas goes back to my days on a TVshow in the mid-1980s.（2016 全国卷n ）Most of us are morefocused on our tasks in the morning

12、thanwe are later in the day.（2015 全国卷 I ）For those who fly toGuilin, it s only an hour away by car andoffers all the scenery of the better- knowncity.（2015 全国卷 n ）When a new daybreaks, the walls have given up their heatand are now cold enough to cool thehouse during the hot day; at the sametime, the

13、y warm up again for the night. （2015 广东高考）He sold or exchangedsome of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter forthe family with what was left.（2015湖北高考改编）This meeting roomis a non-smoking area. I would like towarn you in_ advance that if you smokedhere you would be fi

14、ned.（2014 辽宁高考）OK. Don t laugh atme. I may look funny.（2015陕西高 考改编）The little pupiltook his grandma by_the arm and walkedher across the street.（2015重庆高考改编）Last year was thewarmest year on record, with globaltemperature 0.68 C above the average.（2016 济南一模）lt s obvious that thenew manager is rich in e

15、xperience.? （2016福建四地六校联考）My brotherlikes eating very much but he isn t veryparticular about the food he eats.at sea, at work, at lunch, at risk, atat +名词table, at rest, at the same timein advance, in case, in charge, in in + 名词common, in demand, in fact, in order, inprogress, in return, in turn, in

16、 vain介词on purpose, on leave, on holiday, on+ 名strike, on sale, on guard, on foot, onon +名词词time, on the contrary, on behalf of, onaverageunder observation, under construction, under +名词under consideration, under repairout of breath, out of balance, out of out of+名词date, out of control, out of touchb

17、e afraid of, be ashamed of, be aware 形容词+ ofof, be tired of, be sure of, be fond of, beproud of, be worthy of形容词 + be content with, be familiar with, be withpleased with, be popular with, be strictwith, be satisfied with形容 “宀be rich in, be interested in, be successful、形容词+ in词 +in, be absorbed in介词“

18、宀be polite to, be kind to, be cruel to, be形容词+ tosimilar to, be familiar to形容词+ forbe famous for, be fit for, be eager for, beresponsible for形容词 + be curious about, be particular about, aboutbe enthusiastic about, be anxious aboutbring about, care about, come about, 动词+ about complain about, know ab

19、out, think about, worry about动 词arrive at, call at , glance at, glare at,动词+ atknock at, laugh at, point at, shoot at,+介stare at词P1词account for, apply for, answer for,arrange for, call for, long for, go for, 动词+ forhope for, compete for,seek for,prepare for, wish for典题感悟（考什么、怎么考）谨记规律（为什么、怎么办） （2016

20、全国卷川）Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat with their hands. （2014 陕西咼考改编）The Scottish girl with blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.with的主要含义：(1) (表示状态)具有，带有(2) (表示伴随)随着(3) (表示原因)由于，因为(4) (表示关系)和”起(5) (表示用途)用”（

21、2016 四川咼考）The mother continued to care for the young panda for more than two years.for的主要含义：(1)为了(2)代表(3)因为，由于 赞成，支持(5)就”而言(6)达(表示延续的时间)（2014 北京咼考改编 Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in_half an hour.in的主要含义：(1) 在(某段时间)之后(2) 穿着(表示状态或状况)(3) 处于”中(4) (表示使用的语言、材料等)用”(5) 在”方面(6) (

22、表示方向)以”方向 （2016 济宁二模）The young mother whispered something to her children. （2016 承德咼二模拟）Wait until the lights change to green before crossing the road. （2016 潍坊咼二二模）Her devotion to sciencewas praised and admired by the people all over the country.to的主要含义和用法：(1) (表示方向)朝”，向”(2) (表示程度)到”，达到”(3) 在某些名词后常

23、跟介词to,如：key, answer, visit,apology, solution, attitude, devotion, entrance 等To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.beyond的主要含义：(1) (表示位置)在”另一边，在 ”更远处(2) (表示程度)超出，非”所能及 Hearing about his idea, some were in favour of his suggestion, but some others w

24、ere strongly against it.against的主要含义：(1) (表示态度)反对(2) (表示对比)以,，为背景(3) (表示方位)倚靠着”2.常用介词(二)短文改错常考点典题感悟(考什么、怎么考)常设错点(为什么、怎么办) （2016 全国卷 I ）My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. （2016 全国卷 川）Now I am leaving home to college. （2015 全国卷 I ）Unfortunately, on the developm

25、ent of习惯搭配中介词的错用在习惯搭配中介词的使用是相对固定 的，不能随意改动。industrialization, the environment has been polluted.(2014 全国卷 I )Nearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes ( 圣女 果)in our back garden. (2015 全国卷 n )Tony saw a toy on a shop window. (2014 全 国卷 n )Ther

26、efore, we have more time with after- school activities.介词与名词、动词、形容词搭配不当 (2015 陕西咼考)My soccer coach retired in last week. (2015 四川咼考)Please help with me and give me some advice.介词的多余 及物动词后直接跟宾语，无需加介词； last, next后跟名词表时间时无需加 介词。 (2014 全国卷 n )We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listen

27、ing music. (2014 四川咼考)If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.介词的缺失不及物动词后跟宾语时应加相应的介!词。基础巩固练习I.单句语法填空形容词和副词的比较等级专练1. I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time there are more_meaningful_(meaningful) things to do.2. Are you satisfied with th

28、e result of the exam?Not at all. I can t have a worse (bad) one.3. Of the two boys, Jim is the younger (young) one, and he is also the one who loves to be noisy.4. Oh, it must have been Dad. I m sure he was in the kitchen earlier (early).5. At that time I knew it had to be a significant day to them.

29、 Nothing could be better (good) if someone offered to help them.6. On our way home, the journey was much easier (easy) than before as everyone else fell fast asleep. So, I just took my time and enjoyed the drive.7. The more I thought about it, the worse (bad) my mood became.8. I sought for it only w

30、hen I needed it. It occurred to me that I should have paid more (much) attention to it.9. Keeping a diary in English is one of the most effective (effective) ways to improve our English writing ability.10. Shortly after that birthday, however, life gave her the toughest (tough) challenge of all as a

31、ge and illness started to take her mind from her too.11. The other day my friends and I were eating in the cafeteria and I saw her walking around. When she came closer (close) to us I could see that she was crying.12. You are driving too fast. Can you drive a bit mDre_sJDwJy_(slowly)?13. Ten years a

32、go the population of our village was twice as large (large) as that of theirs.14. One of the worst (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher, Ms Chen.15. Four fifths of the people on the Net believe China s economy is among the strongest (strong) in the world.介词专练1. I am

33、in favour ofyour suggestion that we should spend more time on this project.2. Our office wasn t far from Chinatown, where I found some very good Chinese restaurants.3. White fat stores extra energy, which results in weight gain.4. I had to give this speech from my memory and in front of such a big a

34、udience!5. How much did he charge you for, the service?Luckily, it s nothing.6. It saves a lot of time in the kitchen to have things you use within easy reach.7. The only reason a man would sell salt at a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.8. He is no fool at all, and in_fact, h

35、e is the smartest boy I have ever seen.9. I am sorry I didn t finish the task.Never mind. After all, you have tried your best.10. It s time for you to change your attitude towards/to women now, Tom. They hold up half the sky, you know.11. The villagers collected money to set up a monument ,in memory

36、 of those who died in the great earthquake.12. Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are for everyone s enjoyment.13. The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will ,in time.14. Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.15. He w

37、as a good student and scored above average in most subjects.16. What makes you decide to buy a new house in the town?This town is free from pollution.17. A great person is always putting others interests above his own.18. The girl in_a red dress is my sister, and the red dress looks beautiful on her

38、.19. He has got the job because he has the advantage_over others of knowing many foreign languages.20. The purpose of the article is to draw public attention to_the problem.21. The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.22. Why not talk with your parents about you

39、r willingness to attend Peking University Summer Camp?I tried invain to get them to listen to me.23. If you could exchange lives with someone for a short time, would you like to do that?24. The computer game is designed for game lovers, young ones_in particular.25. As the only child, Jack was in pos

40、session of all the belongings after his parents died.26. We offered her our congratulations on her passing the driving test.27. We thought Mary would pass and John would fail, but it was contrary to_the expectation.28 . He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.29 . Although against my opin

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