英语动词练习

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1、 1. This kind of cake tastes _.A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well2. The children all looked _ at the broken model plane and felt quite _.A. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly C. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad3. This kind of paper _ nice.A. feel B. felt C. is feeling D. feels4. _ everyone here today?A. Be B

2、. Are C. Is D. Am5. Harry is older than I. But he _ younger than I.A. look B. looks C. looked D. looking6. It _ like the singing of the birds.A. sounds B. looks C. smells D. tastes7. This math problem is _ and I can do it _.A. easy, easily B. easily, easily C. easy, easy D. easily, easy8. Coffee is

3、ready. How nice it _! Would you like some?A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels9. In winter the days _ colder and colder.A. gets B. getting C. got D. get10. He _ pale at the thought.A. got B. looked C. turned D. seemed【答案详解】1. A.连系动词taste后应接形容词作表语。2. D.根据句意，句中的look at是行为动词，所以修饰此动词时应用副词；在连系动词feel后应用形

4、容词作表语。3. D.当this kind of作主语时，谓语动词用单数。4. C.当复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。5. B.根据句意和前句时态，后句应用一般现在时。6. A.根据语境，只有sounds听起来符合题意。looks意为“看起来，smells意为“闻起来，tastes 意为“尝起来。7. A.连系动词is后接形容词。根据句意，修饰行为动词do用副词。8. B.根据语境和首句Coffee is ready，此处用smell才符合题意。9. D.根据常识我们知道冬季天气寒冷，故用一般现在时。10. C.根据语境只能使用turned，句意为“一想到这儿，他的脸就发白了。第5章 助

5、动词一.概念:助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态,语态,语气以与否认或疑问结构的动词.助动词分为时态助动词和结构助动词两种.二.相关知识点精讲:1. 助动词be的用法 1 be +现在分词，构成进展时态。例如：They are having a meeting.他们正在开会。English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。2be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。例如：The window was broken by Tom.窗户是汤姆打碎的。English is taught throughout the world.世界各地都教英语。3

6、 be + 动词不定式，可表示以下容： a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。例如： He is to go to New York next week.他下周要去纽约。 We are to teach the freshmen.我们要教新生。 说明： 这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。 b. 表示命令。例如： You are to explain this.对此你要做出解释。 He is to come to the office this afternoon.要他今天下午来办公室。 c.征求意见。例如： How am I to answer him?我该怎样答复他？ Who is to

7、go there?谁该去那儿呢？ d. 表示相约、商定。例如： We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。2. 助动词have的用法 1have +过去分词，构成完成时态。例如： He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。 By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。2have + been +现在分词，构成完成进展时。例如： I have been

8、studying English for ten years. 我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。 3have +been +过去分词，构成完成式被动语态。例如： English has been taught in China for many years. 中国教英语已经多年。3.助动词do 的用法 1构成一般疑问句。例如： Do you want to pass the CET?你想通过大学英语测试吗？ Did you study German?你们学过德语吗？2do + not 构成否认句。例如： I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。 He doe

9、snt like to study.他不想学习。 In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。3 构成否认祈使句。例如： Dont go there.不要去那里。 Dont be so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。说明： 构成否认祈使句只用do，不用did和does。4放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。例如： Do come to my birthday party.一定来参加我的生日宴会。 I did go there.我确实去那儿了。 I do mis

10、s you.我确实想你。5用于倒装句。例如： Never did I hear of such a thing. 我从未听说过这样的事情。 Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English. 进了大学以后，我们才认识到英语的重要性。说明： 引导此类倒装句的副词有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well等。6用作代动词。例如： - Do you like Beijing?-你喜欢吗？ - Yes, I do.-是的，喜欢。do用作代动词，代替li

11、ke Beijing. He knows how to drive a car, doesnt he? 他知道如何开车，对吧？4. 助动词shall和will的用法 shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。例如：I shall study harder at English. 我将更加努力地学习英语。He will go to Shanghai.他要去。说明：在过去的语法中，语法学家说shall用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第一人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，

12、试比拟: He shall come.他必须来。shall有命令的意味。 He will come.他要来。will只与动词原形构成一般将来时。5.助动词should, would的用法 1should无词义，只是shall的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称。例如： I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week. 我昨天给他打，问他我下周干什么。 比拟：What shall I do next week? I asked. 我下周干什么？我问道。 可以说，shall变成间接引语时，变成了should。

13、2 would也无词义，是will的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称。例如： He said he would come.他说他要来。比拟：I will go, he said. 他说：我要去那儿。变成间接引语，就成了He said he would come。原来的will变成would，go变成了come.。 6. 短语动词 动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词。例如：Turn off the radio.把收音机关上。turn off是短语动词短语动词的构成根本有以下几种：1动词+副词，如：black out；2动词+介词，如：look into；3动词+副词

14、+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词三.巩固练习1.If it is fine tomorrow, we _ a football match.a. have b. will have c. has d. shall has2.When he was at school, he _ early and take a walk before breakfast.a. will rise b. shall rise b. should rise would rise3.In the past 30 years China _ great advance

15、s in the socialist revolution and socialist construction.a. has made b. have made c. had made d. having made4.I _ go to bed until I _ finished my work.a. dont/had b. didnt/have c. didnt/had d. dont/have5._ you think he _ back by dinner time?a. Do/have come b. Did/will have come c. Does/will come d.

16、Do/will have come6.He said that he dropped his bag when he _ for the bus.a. was runing b. was running c. were running d. is running7.No sooner _ he arrived home than he _ to start on another journey.a. has/was asked b. have/were asked c. had/is asked d. had/was asked8.“_ you give me a room for the n

17、ight? I asked on arriving at the hotel.a. Should b. Can c. Might d. May9.There are nine of them, so _ get into the car at the same time.a. they may not at all b. all they may not c. they cant all d. all they cant10.“We didnt see him at the lecture yesterday. “He _ it.a. mustnt attend b. cannot have

18、attended c. would have not attended d. neednt have attended11.“You realize that you were driving at 100 mph, dont you?“No, officer. I _. This car cant do more than 80.a. didnt need to be b. may not have been c. couldnt have been d. neednt have been12.he was a good runner so he _ escape from the poli

19、ce.a. might b. succeeded to c. would d. was able to13.If they _, our plan will fall flat.a. are co-operating b. had not co-operated c. wont co-operate d. didnt co-operate14.I hoped _ my letter.a. her to answer b. that she would answer c. that she answers d. her answering15.He _ live in the country t

20、han in the city.a. prefers b. likes to c. had better d. would rather16._ to see a film with us today?a. Did you like b. Would you like c. Will you like d. Have you liked17.Im sorry, but I had no alternative. I simply _ what I did.a. must do b. had to do c. ought to have done d. have to do18.“Time is

21、 running out,_?a. hadnt we better got start b. hadnt we better get startc.hadnt we better get started d. hadnt we better not started19.No one _ that to his face.a. dares say b. dares saying c. dare say d. dare to say20.The students in the classroom _ not to make so much noise.a. need b. ought c. mus

22、t d. dare21.You _ last week if you were really serious about your work.a. ought to come b. ought to be coming c. ought have come d. ought to have come22.The elephants ought _ hours ago by the keepers.a. to be fed b. to feed c. to being fed d. to have been fed23.“I wonder why theyre late. “They _ the

23、 train.a. can have missed b. could miss c. may have missed d. might miss24.“Tom graduated from college at a very young age. “He _ have been an outstanding student.a. must b. could c. should d. might25.You _ the examination again since you had already passed it.a. neednt have taken b. didnt need to t

24、ake c. neednt take d. mustnt take26.He is really incompetent! The letter _ yesterday.a. should be finished typing b. must be finished typingc.must have finished typing c. should have been finished typing27.The boy told his father that he would rather _ an astronaut.a. become b. to become c. becoming

25、 d. became28.When we reached the station, the train had still not arrived; so we _.a. needed not to hurry b. neednt have hurried c. need not to have hurried d. didnt need to hurry29.Since your roommate is visiting her family this weekend,_ you like to have dinner with us tonight?a. will b. wont c. w

26、ouldnt d. do30.He was afraid what he had done _ a disastrous effect on his career.a. might have b. could be c. have been d. shall be四.答案1-10 BDACDBDBCB 11-20 CDCBDBBCCB 21-30 DDCABDABCA情态动词有四类：只做情态动词：must,can(could),may(might),ought to可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need,dare可做情态动词又可做助动词：shall(should),will(would)具有情态

27、动词特征：have(had,has) to,used to 编辑本段位置:情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前假设有助动词,那么在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词那么在主语之前。 I can see you. Come here. 我能看见你，过来吧。 He must have been away. 他一定走了。 What can I do for you? 我能帮你吗？How dare you treat us like that！ 你怎能那样对待我们！ 编辑本段特点:情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否认式构成是在情态动词后面加 not。 个别情态动词有现在

28、式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非与物动词，故没有被动语态。He could be here soon. 他很快就来。 We cant carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 Im sorry I cant help you. 对不起，我帮不上你。 根本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，根本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词那么有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想： What have you been doing since? 构成完成进展体，本身无词义 I am

29、 afraid I must be going. 一定要 You may have read some account of the matter. 或许已经 除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征： 1 除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式： We used to grow beautiful roses. I asked if he would come and repair my television set. 2 情态助动词在限定动词词组总

30、是位居第一： They need not have been punished so severely. 3 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式： She dare not say what she thinks. 4 情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式和分词形式，也没有相应的动名词： Still, she neednt have run away. 5 情态助动词的“时的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来 Would you mind very much if I ask you to d

31、o something? She told him he ought not to have done it. 6 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be根本助动词连用： You should have washed the wound. Well, you shouldnt be reading a novel. 编辑本段用法首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作如写，读，跑，而情态动词只是表达的一种想法如能，也许，敢。用法是：情态动词+行为动词原形 例句：I can read this se

32、ntence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。 情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。 We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？ Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗？ You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有以下: can (could), may (might), must, need, ought

33、 to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better. 编辑本段功能助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：根本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。根本助动词有三个：do, have和be；情态助动词根本的有十四个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成

34、限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能： 1 构成否认式： He didnt go and neither did she. The meeting might not start until 5 oclock. 2 构成疑问式或附加疑问式： Must you leave right now? You have been learning French for 5 years, havent you? 3 构成修辞倒装： Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister. Hardly had he arrived when she sta

35、rted complaining. 4 代替限定动词词组： A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle? B: Tom can. A: Shall I write to him? B: Yes, do. 编辑本段can和could的用法1. 表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。如： Can you finish this work tonight? Man cannot live without air. Can I go now? Yes, you can. 注意：could也可表示请求，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can即co

36、uld不能用于现在时态的简略答语中。如： Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. 否认答语可用No, Im afraid not. can表示能力时，还可用be able to代替。如： Ill not be able to come this afternoon. 2. 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。主要用在否认句、疑问句或惊叹句中 Can this be true? How can you be so careless! This cannot be done by him. 3. “can(could) + have + 过去分词的

37、疑问或否认形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。如： He cannot have been to that town. Can he have got the book? 4. 用在疑问句与否认句中,表示惊讶,不相信等.5. cannottooenough表示无论怎样也不过分,越越好 编辑本段may和might的用法1. 表示许可。 表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否认回答时(口语中常用) no , you cant . or , yes, please 用mustnt表示“不可以、“禁止、“阻止之意(具有强烈禁止的意思)如： You may drive the car

38、. Might I use your pen? No, you mustnt. 用May I . 征询对方许可在文体上比拟正式，在口气上比拟客气。在日常口语中，用Can I . 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。 2. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! 3. 表示推测、可能疑问句不能用于此意。 He may be very busy now. 4. “may(might) + have + 过去分词表示对过去发生的行为的推测。如： He may not have finished the work. 编辑本段must和have to的用法1. 表示必须、必要。mus

39、t表示主观多一些而have to那么表示客观多一些如： You must come in time. 回答must引出的问句时，如果是否认的回答，不能用mustnt，而要用neednt或dont have to。 Must we hand in our exercise books today? Yes, you must. (No, you dont have to.) 2. “must be + 表语的结构表示推测，它的否认或疑问式用can代替must。 This must be your pen. 3. “must + have + 过去分词的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推

40、测。它的否认或疑问式用can代替must。 He must have been to Shanghai. 4. have to的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与have to有以下几点不同： must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to那么往往强调客观需要。如： The play is not interesting. I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. must一般只表现在，have那么有更多的时态形式。 二者的否认意义不大一样。如： Yo

41、u mustnt go. 你可不要去。 You dont have to go. 你不必去。 询问对方的意愿时应用must。如： Must I clean all the room? 注意：have to也可拼做have got to。 编辑本段dare和need的用法1. need表示“需要或“必须，作情态动词时，仅用于否认句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如： You neednt come so early. Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must. 注意：neednt + 不

42、定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。如： You neednt have waited for me. 2. Dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否认句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如： How dare you say Im unfair. He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 3. Dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否认和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如： I dare to swi

43、m across this river. He does not dare (to) answer. Dont you dare (to) touch it! I wondered he dare (to) say that. He needs to finish it this evening. 编辑本段shall和should的用法一.Shall的用法：1. Shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。如： What shall we do this evening? 2. Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如： Shall we begin ou

44、r lesson? When shall he be able to leave the hospital? 3. Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如： You shall fail if you dont work harder. 警告 He shall have the book when I finish reading. 允诺 He shall be punished. 威胁 二.Should的用法：1. Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to。如： You should g

45、o to class right away. Should I open the window? Should的含义较多，用法较活，现介绍三种其特殊用法。请看下面的句子： I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。 You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看，你是搞错了。 I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做。 This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的。

46、 从以上例句可以看出：情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。 Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如： Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她，请让她给我打个。 If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意，请通知我们。 Should I (If I should) be fre

47、e tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间，我就来。 此外，Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会。如： Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚？ Where is Betty living? 贝蒂住在哪里？ How should I know? 我怎么会知道呢？ I dont know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。 2. “should + have + 过去分词结构一般表示义务

48、，表示应该做到而实际上没有做到，并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。如： She should have finished it. I should have helped her, but I never could. You should have started earlier. 编辑本段will和would的用法1. 表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。如： Would you pass me the book? 2. 表示意志、愿望和决心。如： I will never do that again. They asked if we would do that again. Th

49、e door wont open3. 用“will be和“will(would) + have + 过去分词的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如： This will be the book you want. He will have arrived by now. The guests would have arrived by that time. I thought you would have finished this by now. 4. Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。Would表过去习惯时比u

50、sed to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯的含义。如： The wound would not heal. During the vacation he would visit me every week. 5. 表料想或猜测。如： It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doing there? I thought he would have told you all about it. 编辑本段ought to的用法1. Ought to表示应该。如： You ought to take care of him. 2

51、. 表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别： He must be at home by now. 断定他已到家 He ought to be home by now. 不十分肯定 This is where the oil must be. 比拟直率 This is where the oil ought to be. 比拟含蓄 3. “ought to + have + 过去分词表示过去应做某事而实际未做。如： You ought to have asked him (but you didnt). 这时，ought to和should可以互相换用。 注意：在美国英语中，ought to

52、用于否认句和疑问句时，to可以省略。如： Ought you smoke so much? You oughtnt smoke so much. ought和should的区别：1.ought语气略强。2.should较常用。3.ought在美国英语中用的很少，而should却相当常用。4.ought属正式用语。 编辑本段used to，had better，would rather的用法1. Used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。如： He told us he used to play football when he was young. 在疑

53、问句、否认句、否认疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式： 疑问句 Did you use to go to the same school as your brother? Used you to go to the same school as your brother? 否认句 I usednt to go there. I didnt use to go there. Usednt 亦可拼作usent，但发音皆为ju:snt。 否认疑问句 Usent you to be interested in the theatre? Didnt you use to be interested in t

54、he theatre? 强调句 I certainly used to smoke, but it was a long time ago. I certainly did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago. 其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式： She used to be very fat, didnt she? 口语+常用/ use(d)nt she? 正式+过时 Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did. Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I

55、did. (Yes, I used to.) 2. Had better意为“最好，后接不带to的不定式。如： We had better go now. Yes, we had (wed better / we had better). Hadnt we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?) I think Id better be going. 用于进展时态，表“最好立即 You had better have done that. 用于完成时态，表未完成动作 注：had best与had better同意，但较少用。You had

56、better 用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。 3. Would rather意为“宁愿，表选择，后接不带to的不定式。如： Id rather not say anything. Would you rather work on a farm? Wouldnt you rather stay here? No, I would not. Id rather go there. 由于would rather表选择，因而后可接than。如： I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. I would rather watch TV than g

57、o to see the film. I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie. Id rather you didnt talk about this to anyone. 句中的d rather不是情态动词，would在此是表愿望的实义动词 编辑本段can (could), may (might), 用法:can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以与客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。 Can you pass me the books? 你能给我递

58、一下书吗 ? Could you help me, please? 请问,你能帮助我吗? What can you do? 你能干点什么呢? Can you be sure? 你有把握吗? can 和could 只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态,将来时态用 be able to 来表示。 He could help us at all. 他完全可以帮助我们。 With the teachers help,I shall be able to speak English correctly. 由于教师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。 may (might) 可以, 表示说话人同意,许可或请求对方许可。 You may take the book home. 你可以把书带回家去. May I come in? 我可以进来吗? May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的词典吗? You may put on more clothes.