八年级下英语知识点

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1、lesson11.Whats the weather like today?这句是用来询问天气的一个常用句子,还可以说成：How is the weather?2.It will be snowy and hot today.snowy是形容词,意思是有雪的,雪大的.它是由名词snow+y构成,类似的词还有：cloudy;rainy;sunny;windy;icy;foggy;thirsty;dirdy;healthy;3.Whats the temperature?问温度是多少时,不用how manymuch,要用what4.I hope not.它的肯定形式为I hope so.类似的表达

2、法有：Im afraid so.Im afraid not. I think soI dont think so.5.Im scared of thunder.be scared of sb.sth.害怕某人或某物.这里scared 是过去分词,作形容词.如：Im scared of wild animals.scare还可以作动词.如：You scared me.lesson21.Whats the date today?Its March twenty-first.Whats the date?是用来询问日期的一个常用句子,也可以说成：What is todays date?如果询问星期要

3、用What day is today?What day is it today?2.In spring,the weather bees warmer.bee是系动词,与get一样,常接形容词作表语；与get不同的是它还可以接名词作表语,表示身份的变化.应为：成为.如：The days are beinggetting longer in summer. He became a lawyer in 1998.3.The temperature goes up! go up意思是上升,与rise同义,与go down或set相反.如：the sun goes uprises in the eas

4、t and goes downsets in the west.4.Thunder makes a loud noise.make a noise意思是发出声响,吵闹.如：The baby is sleeping.Dont make a noise.You shouldnt make a noise in class.lesson31.Spring has arrived in Shijiazhuang.arrive是不与物动词,意思是到达.arrive in+大地点国家、地区、城市arrive at+小地点学校、商店、车站、邮局等类似地点,地点为副词时inat要省去.如：He arrived

5、 in Paris.The train arrived at the station.They arrived home early.reach表示到达时,是与物动词,直接与到达的地点连用.如：He reached Paris.The train reached the station.get to表示到达时,后跟副词表示的地点时to要省去,如：He gets there on time.2.Every morning I see many people in the park exercising.see sb. doing sth.表示看见某人在做某事,如：Can you see them

6、 playing football over there?see sb. do sth.表示看见某人做过某事,如：I often see him play football on the playground.这样的词还有：hear;watch;notice等.3.The sun will set in about fifteen minutes.in是介词,表示在.以后,用于将来时,后面跟表示一段时间的名词.此时,不能用after替换in.如：He will be back in two days.They will finish the work in ten months.4.We wo

7、nt see any flowers until May.not.until.意思是直到.才.until可以作介词或连词.如：They didnt leave until they finished the work.He wont go to bed until 11 oclock.5.Next month,maybe we will play in our shorts and Tshirts!in表示穿着,它可以跟表示衣服或衣服颜色的名词,意思是穿着.颜色的衣服.如：The girl in the hat is my sister.They are playing in new clot

8、hes.Our teacher is in a red dress today.All of them are in black.lesson41.Weather is warming,. 这里warm是动词,意思是变暖,它也可用作形容词,如：Its warm in spring.Its getting warmer day by day.2.one by one 一个接一个地 如You can plant the seeds one by one .类似的词语还有：year by year;day by day.3.See it bring the seasons change.see sb

9、.sth. do sth.看到某人或某事物做过某事,change这里是名词,它也可以做动词,如：He changed his clothes.lesson51.Lets go cycling.go cycling =go to ride a bike去骑车.如：He often goes cycling on Sunday.lets do sth.表示让某人做某事 lets not do sth.让某人不要做某事,如：Lets have a rest. Lets not go there.2.How about baseball,then?howwhat about+nprondoing st

10、h.如：I like spring.How about you?What about a cup of coffee?How about opening the window?3.The ball always hits me on the head.hit sb. on the+身体部位,表示打在某人的某个部位,如：He hit me on the head.He was so angry that he hit mary in the face.4.Shall we play soccer?Shall weI.?表示征求对方意见,可以.吗；.好吗.如：Shall we go swimmin

11、g?Shall I sit here?lesson61.Danny is babysitting his cousin Debie at the playground.babysitting是双写t+ing而来的,这样的词还有：swimming;running;beginning;getting;putting等；at the playground也可以说成inon the playground.2.Hold on,Debbie!hold on可以表示稍等,别挂断；抓紧,如：Hold on a minute.He held on to the rope.3.Danny will push yo

12、u.push这里是动词,意思是推,它也可以用作名词.push sb.=give sb. a push.4.Its time to stop swinging,debbie.stop doing sth.停止做某事；stop to do sth.停下来做某事；如：They stopped to smoke a cigarette.I must stop smoking.When he saw his teacher on the street,he stopped to talk to her.All the students stopped talking when the teacher c

13、ame in.5.Debbed gets off the swing.get off.意思是从.下来,通常指下火车、巴士、轮船、飞机等,反义词组是get on.如：Dont get off the bus until it stops.They will get off the train in Beijing.上、下小汽车或电梯常用get intoout of.lesson71.I thought about it all day at school.think about 意思是思考,考虑,想起,想到.;如:I am thinking about my friend in the coun

14、try.dont think about it anymore.2.I thought that it would be easy to babysit there.it在此代替后面的不等式to babysit there,作形式主语,如:It is interesting to climb the hill.It is hard to answer the question.3.I was scared that she would hurt herself,but.herself是反身代词,意思是她自己.当主语和宾语指同一个人时,宾语应用反身代词.如:She can look after

15、herself.My mother taught herself English.反身代词还可以作同位语,起加强语气的作用.如:She can do it herself.=She herself can do it 4.My aunt and uncle had made sandwiches for us to eat at the playground.make sth. for sb.=make sb. sth.意思是为某人制作某物.如:I will make a birthday cake for her.=I will make her a birthday cake.5.so w

16、as i.这是一个倒装句.是由so+系动词助动词情态动词+主语,构成.如:He is tall.So am I.They like chinese food.So do the two Englishmen.6.I helped her brush her teeth and climb into bed.help sb.do sth.意思是帮助某人做某事,如:I often help my mother do the housework.He sometimes helps me study English.help sb. with sth.也能表示帮助某人做某事,但with后面跟名词或人

17、称代词宾格,上面的句子可改写为:I often help my mother with the housework.He sometimes helps me with my English.lesson91.Would you like some markers?would like意思是想要,后跟名词,代词,动词不等式.如:Id like a cup of tea.Would you like some bananas?Id like to have another book.would like sb. to do sth.意思是想要某人做某事,如:Hed like me to help

18、 him with his maths.would you like sth.?用来表示邀请某人吃喝或用什么东西,它的答语为:Yes,please.No,thanks.would you like to do sth.?用来表示邀请某人做某事,它的答语为:,Id likelove to.Im afraid not.Id love to ,but.等.2.Would you please lend me your green marker?would you please+动词原形?表示请你.好吗?lend是借进,常用lend sth. to sb.其反义词为borrow,常用borrow st

19、h. from sb.,如He borrowed a car from his friend.He lent his bike to his neighbour.3.Dont forget to draw the sun.forget to do sth.意思是忘记去做某事,forget doing sth.意思是忘了做过某事,如:Dont forget to close the window before you beave. He forgot closing the window,so he went back to close it again. He forgot to turn o

20、ff the light,so it was on the whole night.4.After you plant a plant in a pot,what do you do next?plant是一个兼类词,既可以作动词,也可以作名词.plant a plant表示种植物.类似的兼类词还有:work;water;push等.lesson101.Flowers,leaves and stems grow above ground.Roots grow below ground.above是介词,表示在.上方,比.还高.与below相反.如:The plane is flying abo

21、ve the clouds. Todays temperature is 10 degrees below zero.over是在.正上方,或覆盖在.上面,如:There is a lamp above the desk. There is a bridge over the river.2.Plants have flowers beause the flowers make seeds.because是连词,表示因为,引导原因状语从句.它不能和so连用,如:She didnt e to school because she was sick.=She was sick so she did

22、nt e to school.3.The seeds of the rice plant feed billions of people.hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前有具体数字时,用单数形式,直接修饰名词;表示一个笼统的概念时,用复数形式,后面要与介词of连用再接名词.如:He has three hundred books. He has read hundreds of books.lesson111.You need to look after it.look after=take care of意思是照顾,如:I have to look af

23、ter the baby. Can you look after yourself?2.Plants use sunlight to make food.to make food是不定式,表示目的,如:Li Ming went to beijing to see his uncle.3.Gardens are full of plants.be full of.表示盛满.,装满.如:The room is full of people. These bottles are full of water.4.In spring,people put covers over plants to ke

24、ep them warm at night.cover用作动词意思是覆盖,遮盖,cover.with.表示用.把.覆盖上,如:He covered his face with a scarf. be covered with.被.覆盖着.如:The road is usually covered with snow.cover还可以用作名词,表示覆盖物,封面.如:The book needs a new cover.keep sb.sth.+adj.表示使某人或某物处于某种状态.如:We should keep our classroom clean. He likes doing thing

25、s to keep himself busy. Lets keep the windows open.5.Windows are made of glass.be made of .意思是由.制成,在制成的过程中原材料没有发生质的变化.be made from.意思是由.制成,在制成的过程中原材料发生了质的变化.如:My desk made of wood. Books are made of paper. Paper is made from wood. Wine is made from wheat.lesson121.One group sings the purple words ,a

26、nd the other group sings the black words.one.,the other.意思是一个.另一个.,如:She has two cats.One is white,the other is black.2.The prettiest plant.prettiest是pretty的最高级,如:He is the tallest boy and she is the prettiest girl.3.That you ever did see.did see在此相当于saw,did放在动词原形前起加强语气的作用,如:She does study hard. I d

27、o like puter games. They did go to have a piic yesterday.4.As the stem grows,it makes leaves.as 在本句中表示当.时候,引导时间状语从句.如:He went out as I came in.lesson131.Trees help clean the air.Its pleasant to walk among the trees.pleasant,pleased都是形容词,表示高兴的,快乐的.pleasant常用来形容事物,而pleased常用来形容人,如:I am very pleased yo

28、uve decided to e.among介词,表示在.之间,between介词,表示在两者之间.2.Donuts dont grow on trees.on trees=on the tree表示树本身所有物在树上;in the tree表示外来物在树上;如:There are some birds in the tree. There are many apples on the tree.3.Then we can sit under a tree in the shade.in the shade是介词短语,意思是在阴凉处.类似的短语有in the sun;in the light;

29、4.All plants take energy from the sun and make it into food.make.into.意思是把.制成.,如:We can make the tree into paper. We can make cotton into cloth.make还可以构成如下短语be made offrombyin等5.Without food,they would have nothing to eat and they would die.without是介词,意思是没有,不,如He went to school without breakfast. He

30、 left without saying goodbye. Fish cant live without water.lesson141.There are about eighty thousand different plants in the world that people can eat.that people can eat是定语从句,修饰plants,that是关系代词,引导定语从句,并代指plants,也可以用which来引导.当被修饰的名词是人时,可以用who,that,如 I like the present that you gave me. This is the m

31、ost interesting book that Ive ever read. The woman who is babysitting the baby is my aunt.2.But half of the worlds food es from only three plants:race,corn and wheat.half of. 意思是.中的一半,当它所指代的是不可数名词时,代表单数.如果后面所接的是可数名词的复数,那么它所代表的也是复数概念.如 Half of his money was spent on books. Half of the books here are

32、in English. Half of the students in our class like math.all of.;a quarter of.和它类似.3.Doctors use medicine to help sick people.use.to do sth.意思是用.来做.,如 We use our feet and legs to walk.sick是形容词,意思是有病的,患病的,可作定语和表语;ill也是形容词,意思相同,但只能作表语;如 His mother was sickill in bed. There are many sick people in the d

33、octors waiting room.4.Do you have a hat made of straw?made of straw是过去分词短语作后置定语,表示被动;如 Do you know the boy named peter? This is the camera bought in japan.lesson151.I have a lot to write about today.to write 作后置定语,修饰a lot,表示没有做,要去做的动作.如 I have nothing to say. They found a room to live in. She has no

34、 pen to write with.2.Now sth.new is growing at the top of the stem.sth.是不定代词,应看作第三人称单数.形容词修饰它时应作后置定语.如 Sth.is wrong with his puter. There is sth. important in todays newspaper.3.Later,the head will turn into wheat seeds.turn into. 意思是变成.如 Water can turn into ice.turn.into.意思是把.变成.,如 Heat turns water

35、 into vapor蒸汽.相关的短语有change into.,change.into.lesson171.She plays with me when I e home from school.play with.意思是与.玩,玩弄.如 Dont play with fire ,its dangerous.2.I will keep him under my desk.keep的意思是使某人某物保持某种状态或某地位.如 If your hands are cold,keep them in your pockets. These gloves will keep your hands wa

36、rm. Im sorry to keep you waiting. You cant keep ducks in the classroom.keep 还有饲养.的意思,如 He keeps bees ,goats and hens on his farm.3.I will need to plant a tree in my bed room.在肯定句中动词need通常用作行为动词,如 They need to finish the project on time. You need to take an umbrella with you.在否定句和疑问句中,need即可用作行为动词,也可

37、以用作情态动词,如 You neednt finish that work today.=You dont need to finish that work today. Do you need to go out?=Need you go out?need 还可以用作名词,如 There is a great need for a new book on this subject. There is no deed for you to start yet.lesson181.He was talking to my mum.waswere+doing是过去进行时,表示在过去某一时刻正在进行

38、的动作.如 He wasnt watching the hamburgers at that time. He was cooking supper when I got home. lesson191.The zoo is open.open是形容词,意思是开放的,可进入的.如 This garden is open to the public.open还可以表示开着的,营业的,等.如 He slept in the room with the window open last night. The shop isnt open on sundays. His coat was open.

39、The cages are big and open.2.It has all kinds of animals.all kinds of 意思是各种各样的,如 All kinds of plants were displayed.different kinds of.不同种类的.;a kind of .一种.;3.Well need our caps to protect us from the sun.protect sb.sth. againstfrom sth.意思是保护保卫某人或某物不受.的侵害.如 I was wearing a fur coat to protect myself

40、 from the cold. Winter wheat lying under snow is protected against the cold.4.Zoos can help people to stop animals from going extinct.stop sb. from doing sth.意思是阻止某人做某事,在主动语态中from可以省去,在被动语态中from不可省去.如 Please dont stop him playing basketball. He was stopped from playing basketball. We all tried to st

41、op him smoking in bed.lesson201.I am at the zoo watching all the animals,I want to make friends with one today.at the zoo在动物园,也可用作in the zoo.make friends with.表示与.交朋友.2.Throw some food to the ducks by the water.Stand so still while they waddle my way.by是介词,意思是在.旁边,在.附近.如:My house is by the river.sti

42、ll可以作形容词,意思是静止的,不动的;如:Keep still while I b your hair.Please stand still while I take your photograph.still还可以作副词,意思是还,仍然,仍旧;如:He is still sleeping.The fist is still alive.while是连词,意思是当.的时候;如:I met a friend while I was walking down the street.3.I want an animal friend that likes to jumpand run,too.th

43、at likes to jump and run是定语从句,修饰先行词an animal friend.被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词.先行词是人时,关系词通常用that或whowhom;先行词是事物时,关系词通常用that或which;关系词在从句中除作状语外,可以省去.如:Edison was a man who never gave up. She is the girl whom I met at the party.This is the house where I lived last year. I know the boy whose father is

44、a teacher. The house which stands on the hill is mine.lesson211.They go through the entrance.through介词,意思是穿过.across指横过.如:I walked across the square to the museum. We walked through the forest.2.Maybe photos would surprise the animals.maybe意思是大概,或许.如:Maybe he doesnt know its spring. Maybe you put the

45、 letter in your pocket.情态动词may和系动词be一起也可以表示 可能是.的意思.如:You may be right. I cant find my watch.It may be in your pocket.3.Then dont take photos of me.take photos of sb.意思是 给某人照相.4.Its nearly noon,and hes still sleeping.nearly是副词,意思是 几乎,差不多.如:Hurry up-its nrarly time for school.nearly和almost都表示 几乎,差不多.

46、在多数情况下,两者之间没有什么差别.一般来说almost所表达的程度比nearly更接近一些.另外,nearly不能用于修饰否定词,但可被not修饰;而almost可以和否定词连用.5.Thats where we go out.where we go out.是表语从句,where是引导词.这样的词还有:wh-,that,because等.如:Thats what he said.Thats why I am so worried. The question is whether our parents will agree. The problem is which is heavier.

47、 She looked as if she were a doctor.lesson221.Lets play a joke on someone today.play a joke on sb.意思是 开某人的玩笑,戏弄某人.如:We all play a joke on him.have a joke with sb.意思是 与某人一起开某人的玩笑.如:I stopped to have a joke with him.make a joke aboutof sb.sth.意思是 拿某人开玩笑.如:Dont make a joke about himhis shortings.2.Lets

48、 tell Danny that the bear got out of the zoo.get out 意思是 从.里出来.另外,这个短语还可以表示 出外走走.如 We love to get out into the countryside at weekends.You ought to get out of your house more.get out of sth.doing sth.意思是 逃避责任或义务,不做份内的事,使某人放弃、停止或戒除习惯等.如 I wish I could get out of going to that meeting. I cant get out

49、of the habit of waking at six in the morning.3.We heard it on the radio.onover the radio意思是 通过无线电广播.类似的短语有 on the telephone;on TV.4.Theres a fierce bear ing.ing为现在分词,作bear的定语,有正在到来的意思,相当于定语从句that is ing.如 There is a bag lying on the ground.There are some boys playing football over there.5.You are jo

50、king,arent you?该句是反意疑问句.反意疑问句由两部分组成.前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是简短问句,中间用逗号隔开.前后两部分遵循 两个一致,一个相反 原则.如 The pen is yours,isnt it? He isnt a doctor,is he? Your brother can swim,cant he? You dont study Chiese,do you? He never watches TV,does he?There wont be any meetings next week,will there?6.We tricked out you,Danny!

51、trick是动词,意思是欺骗,欺诈.如 The young man tricked me out of 50 yuan.trick sb. out of +钱数.表示骗取某人多少钱.lesson231.One of the worlds first zoos was in Egypt,about 3500 years ago.ago作副词表示从现在算起的以前；before作副词可表示从过去某一刻算起的以前.如 I met him three days ago. I said I had met him three days before.before后接 时间点,可用于任何时态.如 She g

52、ot to the office before five oclock. We hope to get home before six oclock.2.No other people could go.no other people可以说成nobody else.如 Nobody else could go there except kings,queens and important people.3.Egypt is famous for its pyramids.be famouswell-known for意思是 以.著名;以.闻名.如 France is famous for it

53、s food and wine.The place is fomous for its hot springs.be famous as.意思是 作为.职业身份而著名.如 He is famous as a writer.4.People went to the zoo to learn about animals.to learn about animals是动词不定式作目的状语.如 He came to give us a talk yesterday. I went to the park to breathe the fresh air.5.Zoos are the only plac

54、es that some kinds of animals live in.that some kinds of animals live in是定语从句,修饰先行词the only places.由于先行词前有only,所以关系词只能用that.lesson251.I fill a jar with water.fill.with.意思是 用.装满. be filled with.=be full of.意思是 充满.如 On hearing the news,her eyes are filled with tears. They filled the hole with water.fi

55、ll in. 意思是 填上.;填充.;如 Fill in the blanks.2.Then,I turn the jar upside down.upside down意思是 向下翻转过来 如 That picture is upside down.You hold the book upside down.right side up 意思是 正面朝上.3.I think the floor will get wet.get作系动词,意思是 变得 ,后跟形容词作表语.如 The day gets longer in spring.与get相关的词组有:get alongon with.与.相

56、处.如 I am getting alongon well with my classmates.get away from.意思是 逃跑.如The thief got away from the police.get back意思是 返回;要回或拿回.如 After a long holiday,he had to get back to work.Please get the book back for me.get into.意思是 上车.如 He got into the car.get off.意思是 下车;从.下来.如 He got off the train.get up意思是

57、起床;起身;站起.如 He suddenly got up from the chair.I usually get up at six in the morning.get together意思是 集合;团聚.如 We will get together at the school gate and to to the park.get through意思是 用 联系上. 如 I often get through to my friends.get to.意思是 到达. 如 We will get to Beijing tomorrow.He will get home by four o

58、clock this afternoon.4.Im sure the floor wont get wet.sb.be sure+that从句,意思是 认为.一定.否定形式是sb. be sure+疑问词引导的从句.如 Tom is sure that he will win the game.Tom is not sure whether he can win the game.Im not sure when hell e here.5.We can prove whos right.prove是与物动词,意思是 证明,证实.常用于以下结构:prove sth.;provethat.;pr

59、ove.+adjn.如 The fact has proved the mans honesty to us all.=The fact has proved to us all that the man is honest.=The fact has proved the man honest.prove也可以作不与物动词,意思是 证明表明是.,后跟形容词或名词.如 My theory will prove right some day.During the trip,he proved a man with a strong will.6.Well do the experiment an

60、d observe what will happen.observe是动词,意思是 观察.observe sb. dodoing sth.如 I observed her dance.When I passed by the grass,I observed him walking.lesson261.I will ask the class to make observations and guess what will happen.make observations意思是 观察.如 While doing experiments,you must make careful observa

61、tions.这个短语还有 做观察报告,评述,评论的意思.如 Our geography teacher has just made some interesting observations on Africa.observation也可以用作不可数名词.如 She is in hospital under observation.lesson271.Next,Brian will take his hand off the cardboard.take sth. off sth.意思是使某物离开或脱离.如 Would you mind taking your foot off my hand

62、?take off意思是 起飞;脱下;匆忙离去.如 The plane took off at 7 a.m. Take off your shoes,please.He took off for the station in a hurry.2.The force is strong enough to hold the water.adjadv+enough to do sth.意思是 足够.以至于能做某事.如 The boy is old enough to go to school.=The boy is so old that he can go to school.=He is such an old boy that he can go to school.enough作副词,要放在被修饰的形容词和副词之后;作形容词,通常放在被修饰的名词之前.如 This hall is large enough to hold two thousand people.He walks fast enough to be here in time.He doesnt have enough mone