Unit4Howlifebeganontheearth语言点

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1、Unit 4 How Life Began on the Earth Language points1.No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.No one knows what he was saying, as it was too hard.仿写：没人明白他在说什么，因为那太难仿写：没人明白他在说什么，因为那太难理解了。理解了。 as在这里表示原因在这里表示原因, 意思是意思是“因为因为” As he was ill, he needed more help. 2.However, acco

2、rding to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.1) begin with=start with：“以以开始开始”.2)to begin with =to start with 可以单独使用可以单独使用,表示表示“首先首先; 第一第一; 起初起初; 最初最初”.在句中作在句中作时间状语时间状语.e.g. To begin / start with, I couldnt understand him at all. 译：译：The

3、 enemies ran away in all directions. 敌人四处逃窜。敌人四处逃窜。拓展：拓展： Im terrible with directions: _ a sense of direction: _ 在某人的在某人的指导指导下下: _ ones direction 方向感方向感under我是路痴我是路痴What it was to become was uncertain be to do be + doing:_ be + done:_联想联想正在正在被动被动 (1)表示表示 禁止，命令禁止，命令 eg. You are not to smoke in this r

4、oom. You are to be back by 10 oclock. 3. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe . (2)表示注定要表示注定要All these things are to be answered for （偿还）（偿还）. （3）表示表示 “将将”、“计划计划”、“安排安排”。(意思接近于意思接近于be going to) 如：如： . The students are

5、 to meet at the school gate tomorrow. （4）应该应该 shouldYou are to look after the little children. be to do :You _this to the police.你应该报警你应该报警They _next month.他们计划于下个月结婚。他们计划于下个月结婚。2. The professor _a lecture at Wuhan University next weekend.give B. gives C. is to give D. being givenare to reportare to

6、 be marriedWhat it was to become was uncertain until 他昨天直到七点才离开学校他昨天直到七点才离开学校.He didnt leave school until seven oclock. 他们到了中国才能看了长城他们到了中国才能看了长城.They couldnt see the Great Wall until they came to China.It was not until they came to China that they could see the Great Wall.Notuntil直到直到才才It is/was not

7、 until that 强调强调句句It was not until seven oclock that he left school.【巧应用】使大家惊奇的是他竟没有参加会议。_ _ _ _ _he didnt come to the meeting.答案：What surprised everybody is that【精提取精提取】What it was to become是是what引导的主语从句，引导的主语从句，what在从句中作在从句中作become的宾语。的宾语。1. _（使大家吃惊的是）（使大家吃惊的是）is that he didnt come to the meeting.

8、 What surprised everybody 2. _（他所做的）（他所做的）added to our difficulty. What he did 4.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the solid shape would last or not. 地球开始变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形地球开始变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续下去。状是否会继续下去。n. n. 固体固体 (solid, liquid, gas )adj. 固体的固体的, , 结实的结实的, , solid:cool do

9、wn 变凉变凉, 冷却冷却,平息，冷静平息，冷静晒了一天的太阳之后晒了一天的太阳之后,他喜欢在海水中凉快一下他喜欢在海水中凉快一下.After a day in the sun, he liked to _ in the sea.他的话平息了她的怒气他的话平息了她的怒气.His words _ her anger.cooled downcool down6. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. appear “出现出现, 似乎似乎”

10、是不及物动词当是不及物动词当表示表示 “似乎似乎, 好像好像”时是系动词时是系动词, 该该词无被动语态。词无被动语态。 Our teacher appeared on TV this morning.7.Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. unlike prep. dislike v. likely adj. unlikely adj.8.It was not immediately obvious that water was t

11、o be fundamental to the development of life. 水会对于生命的发展起关键作用水会对于生命的发展起关键作用,这一点在当这一点在当时并不太明显时并不太明显.allow to do = permit to doharmful adj. harmless harm n./v.be harmful to sb./sth.= do harm to sb. /sth.=do sb/sth harm 对对有害有害9. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed

12、 the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.过多的二氧化碳对环境有害过多的二氧化碳对环境有害.Too much carbon dioxide is the environment.harmful to does harm to10.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.chain reaction 连锁反应连锁反应Make it possible for life to develop

13、. 使生命的发展成为可能使生命的发展成为可能 make it + adj./ n.+. to do sth. make / find / feel / think / consider that 从句从句组长让我们可以一起合作组长让我们可以一起合作.The group leader_老师让他们容易地明白那个问题老师让他们容易地明白那个问题.The teacher _.made it possible for us to work together.made it easy for them to understand the question1) multiply v. 乘乘: 增加增加,繁殖

14、；繁殖；7乘以乘以4等于等于28.4 multiplied by 7 is twenty-eight.我们的功课自上高中以来增多了我们的功课自上高中以来增多了.Our homework have multiplied since we came to high school.蚊子在夏天繁殖得很快蚊子在夏天繁殖得很快.Mosquitoes multiply rapidly in summer. 11. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen , which encouraged all sorts of =all ki

15、nds of 各种各样的各种各样的12. which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.13.Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. 另外一些叫作两栖动物另外一些叫作两栖动物,它们既能在活水里生它们既能在活水里生存也能在陆地上生存也能在陆地上生. A as well as B表示表示“(除除B之外之外)A也也; 既既B又又A”. 如如:Im learning Fren

16、ch as well as English.我学英语之外还学法语我学英语之外还学法语.He grows flowers as well as vegetables.他既种菜也种花他既种菜也种花.“就远原则就远原则”：He as well as I _ (like) rock music.likes15.They produced young generally by laying eggs.它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的.lie, lie , lay 的区别如下的区别如下:动词原形第三人称单数过去式过去分词现在分词中文释义 lie lies撒谎撒谎;谎话谎话 li

17、e lies躺躺; 位位于于 lay lays放置放置; 下蛋下蛋liedliedlyinglaylainlyinglaidlaidlaying（1）vi. （消息等）传开，流传（消息等）传开，流传。如：。如：The news spread through the school very quickly.The fire spread from the factory to the house nearby.18. small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. （2）

18、v. “使伸展，延伸，张开使伸展，延伸，张开”，常，常与与out连用连用。He spreaded out his arms to welcome us.他张开手臂欢迎我们。他张开手臂欢迎我们。19.Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planets thus adv. 因此；从而因此；从而 She studied hard, _ .thus she got high marks2) In ones turn 轮到某人轮到某人It will be _ to be on duty tomor

19、row.in Sams turn20. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事 :prevent sb. (from) doing sth. stop sb. (from) doing sth. keep sb. from doing sth. 注意：注意：keep sb. from doing sth.中中from不不可省略可省略,被动被动语态中语态中,他们中

20、的他们中的from都不可省都不可省。1) We must prevent them from making trouble. 2) You should prevent the child from injuring himself. 21.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions Of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.depend on : 依赖，依靠依赖，依靠depend on sb. 依靠依靠,相信某人相信某人depend on

21、sth. 取决与某物取决与某物我们都靠你来做决定了我们都靠你来做决定了Well all _to make a decision.明天是否能开校运会取决与天气明天是否能开校运会取决与天气Whether to hold the sports meeting or not will _.depend on youdepend on the weather 单词拼写单词拼写 1. There is too much _(暴力暴力) on TV. 2. With the d _ of economy, peoples living standards are higher now. 3. Every n

22、ight he observes the space through a t_. 4. The illness is s_ through the village. 5. One cannot e_ without air. 6. You will _ (逐渐地逐渐地) get used to the weather here. 7. By the time they reached the top of the mountain, they were _ (精疲力尽精疲力尽). 8. There is a big underground railway _(系统系统) in London,

23、which is good for travelers. 9. Zhang Heng was one of the most famous Chinese a_ in the world. 10. The mammals _ (繁殖繁殖) when the animals, harmful to them, disappeared.短语运用短语运用 in all directions,go by,give birth to,in in all directions,go by,give birth to,in time,depend on,prevent.from,as well as, ti

24、me,depend on,prevent.from,as well as, be different from be different from，escape fromescape from，watch.watch. doing,masses of,because of doing,masses of,because of 1.Whether life will continue on the earth 1.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will _ for millions of

25、 years to come will _ whether this problem can be solved. whether this problem can be solved.2.If you put your heart into it2.If you put your heart into it，youll youll succeed _. succeed _.depend ondepend onin timein time3.There were _ people in the shops 3.There were _ people in the shops yesterday

26、. yesterday.4.Nothing can _ their plans _ being 4.Nothing can _ their plans _ being carried out. carried out.5.We _ the sun _ behind the trees 5.We _ the sun _ behind the trees and the evening fell. and the evening fell. 6.Our sons are very _ each other. 6.Our sons are very _ each other. 7.We spent

27、three hours waiting in the rain 7.We spent three hours waiting in the rain _ you! _ you!8.As time _,I began to realize what I 8.As time _,I began to realize what I did was wrong. did was wrong.masses ofmasses ofpreventpreventfromfromwatchedwatchedsettingsettingdifferent fromdifferent frombecause ofbecause ofwent bywent byHomework1.完成课本完成课本P28 练习练习1至练习至练习3。2. 课本课本P98 单词单词multiply 至至gentle 三三加一。加一。