unitintroductionwhystudysociology学习教案

《unitintroductionwhystudysociology学习教案》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《unitintroductionwhystudysociology学习教案（57页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、会计学1unitintroductionwhystudysociology第一页，共57页。2critical reading341preparatory worklanguage enhancementreflection第1页/共56页第二页，共57页。Research into the impact of a single-child family relationship on the upbringing of the childb. Study of factors leading to high divorce rates in big citiesc. A social str

2、atification investigation in contemporary Chinad. A poverty alleviation program evaluation in the western region of Chinae. Study of work pressure and its consequence on employees in foreign companiesmicro-level sociologymicro-level sociologymacro-level sociologymacro-level sociologymicro-level soci

3、ology:macro-level sociology: a b ec d第2页/共56页第三页，共57页。Presentation 第3页/共56页第四页，共57页。Look up the definitions of Psychology, Economics, History and Demography and compare them with sociology Find an English version of sociology textbook in your library and look through the topic covered. Which topic i

4、nterests you most? Summarize your findings concerning this area of sociology.第4页/共56页第五页，共57页。1. Sociology is the study of social behavior or society, including its origins, development, organization, networks, and institutions. Like sociology, psychology, economics, history, demography are all rela

5、ted to the study of society and human activities. In this way they share similarities. The differences lie in the follows: Psychology is the study of human behavior and mind, embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought of the human beings. Economics focuses on th

6、e behavior and interactions of economic agents and how economies work, that is the economic activities of the human kind. History is the study of the past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events, particular

7、ly how it relates to humans.Demography is the statistical study of populations, especially human beings. As a very general science, it can analyze any kind of dynamic living population, i.e., one that changes over time or space. 第5页/共56页第六页，共57页。2. You can refer to the following textbooks:John J. Ma

8、cionis & Nijole V. Benokraitis ed., Seeing Ourselves 7th ed. (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007)James M. Henslin ed., Down to Earth Sociology: Introductory Readings 14th ed. (New York: Free Press, 2007)第6页/共56页第七页，共57页。3412preparatory workcritical readinglanguage enhancementreflect

9、ion第7页/共56页第八页，共57页。PartPara(s).Main ideaI Introduction 1-2Key topics to be covered in the main parts II Defining sociology 3-6Relationship with other social sciences 7-12 13-18 19-23VII Conclusion 24-26Summary of the usefulness of sociology to individuals and the world III Contents of sociologyWhat

10、 will I learn from sociology IV Necessity of studying sociologyWhat abilities will sociology help you develop VI The job of a sociologistJob potentials of a sociology major 第8页/共56页第九页，共57页。PART 1 IntroductionPara. 1-2Key topics to be covered in the main parts第9页/共56页第十页，共57页。(1) What is Cargan and

11、Ballantines implicit purpose in writing this introduction to sociology? To emphasize the importance of sociology and arouse readers interest in (studying) sociology.(2) What is the intended audience of the essay? Describe the main characteristics of this audience as assumed by Cargan and Ballentine.

12、The intended audience of the essay are university and college students. The audience is young and curious about everything but needs some guide in choosing their courses in university study. (3) What do you think of the introduction in the text? Is it effective? Why or why not?The introduction is ve

13、ry effective. It starts with six questions about sociology to arouse the readers interest or curiosity in this topic.第10页/共56页第十一页，共57页。approachThere are some of the There are some of the questions that may be in questions that may be in the back of your mind as the back of your mind as you you appr

14、oachapproach your study of your study of sociology.sociology.Para.1v.move towards come near or verge on, resemble, come nearer in quality, or character begin to deal withcome near in timebegin to deal with该银行已经务实地处理(chl)了这个问题。 The Bank has approached the issue in a practical way.随着圣诞节的临近而弥漫在这所房子里的节日

15、气氛。 The festive spirit permeated the house with the approach of ChristmasExamples：第11页/共56页第十二页，共57页。As you learn more about As you learn more about sociology, pieces that at sociology, pieces that at first seemed fragmentary first seemed fragmentary w i l l s t a r t t o c o m e w i l l s t a r t t

16、 o c o m e together like pieces in a together like pieces in a puzzle.puzzle.Para.2 As you learn more about sociology, you will gradually find the links between its individual and separate parts and see the whole picture of sociology. paraphraseparaphrase第12页/共56页第十三页，共57页。PART 2 Defining sociologyP

17、ara. 3-6Relationship with other social sciences第13页/共56页第十四页，共57页。(1) What are sociologists interested in? They are interested in the interactions between people, groups and nations.(2) What is the main concern of sociology?Its main concern is with predicting human group behavior.第14页/共56页第十五页，共57页。

18、sparkSociologists interests Sociologists interests are are sparkedsparked when they see when they see two or more people with a two or more people with a common interest talking or common interest talking or working together.working together.Para.3v.If something sparks, sparks of fire or light come

19、from it. If one thing sparks another, the first thing cause the second thing to start happening. (=Spark off)arouse, stimulate一支丢弃的香烟可能引发了这场火灾。 A dropped cigarette may have sparked the fire.我的老师编排(binpi)了一个关于太空探测的单元，它真正激发了我的兴趣。 My teacher organized a unit on space exploration that really sparked my

20、interest. Examples：第15页/共56页第十六页，共57页。Sociologists interests Sociologists interests are are sparkedsparked when they see when they see two or more people with a two or more people with a common interest talking or common interest talking or working together.working together.Para.3 Sociologists inter

21、ests will be immediately aroused by seeing any two or more people with close relationships. paraphraseparaphrase第16页/共56页第十七页，共57页。conformWhy individuals usually Why individuals usually conformconform toto group group expectations?expectations?Para.6v.to behave and think in the same way as most othe

22、r people in a group or society conform to/with something : to obey a rule, law, etc. (=comply)be in line with该灯设计得符合新的安全标准。 The lamp has been designed to conform to new safety standards.如果你不同意(tngy)或者和他们期望的不一致，他们中的一些人就会困惑生气。 If you disagree and dont conform to their expectations, some of them get co

23、nfused or irritated.Examples：第17页/共56页第十八页，共57页。preliterateAnthropologists often study Anthropologists often study preliteratepreliterate groups, whereas groups, whereas sociologists focus primarily on sociologists focus primarily on modern groups.modern groups.Para.6a. relating to a society that ha

24、s not developed a written language relating to a society that has not developed a written languageilliterateilliterate be not able to read or writea.第18页/共56页第十九页，共57页。PART 3 Contents of sociologyPara. 7-12What will I learn from sociology第19页/共56页第二十页，共57页。(1) In Para.7, what do Cargan and Ballantin

25、e try to demonstrate as the fundamental nature of sociology?In Para. 7, Cargan and Ballantine try to demonstrate that sociology is based on systematic and objective study of human behavior. (2) According to Cargan and Ballantine, sociology offers “group explanations for behavior” rather than “indivi

26、dual explanations of our problems.” How do they illustrate this point?They illustrate the difference between individual explanation and group explanation using divorce as an example. Individual explanation considers a divorce as a personal problem caused by conflict between the husband and wife with

27、in the family. Sociology can help us move beyond “individual” explanations to consider the social surroundings that influence the situation: economic conditions, disruptions caused by changing sex roles, and pressures on the family to meet the emotional needs of its members. 第20页/共56页第二十一页，共57页。Cons

28、ider that in s o m e Consider that in s o m e societies premarital sex is societies premarital sex is n o t o n l y a l l o w e d b u t n o t o n l y a l l o w e d b u t e x p e c t e d ; i n o t h e r s e x p e c t e d ; i n o t h e r s premarital sex is cause for premarital sex is cause for banish

29、ment and death.banishment and death.Para.7 You can ponder over the phenomenon that some societies allow and expect premarital sex while others punish it with banishment and death. paraphraseparaphrase第21页/共56页第二十二页，共57页。divergentThe task of the sociologists is not The task of the sociologists is not

30、 to judge which social attitude is to judge which social attitude is right or wrong but to understand right or wrong but to understand why such why such divergent divergent practices have practices have evolved.evolved.Para.7a.(of opinions, views, etc.) different; no longer similardeveloping or movi

31、ng in different directions; becoming less similardifferent 必须欢迎(hunyng)有分歧的想法。 Divergent ideas must be invitedExample：divergediverge (from something)e.g.: This countrys interests diverge considerably from those of other countries.v.第22页/共56页第二十三页，共57页。partialSome opinions are based on Some opinions

32、are based on stereotypes or prejudices, some stereotypes or prejudices, some on on partialpartial information about an information about an issue.issue.Para.7a.not complete or whole partial to somebody/something (old-fashioned) liking somebody/something very much partial (towards somebody/something)

33、 (disapproving) showing or feeling too much support for one person, team, idea, etc., in a way that is unfair = biasednot complete 他设法(shf)跟两个共和国达成了部分共识。 He managed to reach a partial agreement with both republics日偏食a partial eclipse of the sunExample：impartial（antonym）第23页/共56页第二十四页，共57页。Through sy

34、stematic scientific Through systematic scientific study, sociologists gain insight study, sociologists gain insight into human behavior in groups, into human behavior in groups, insight not possible through insight not possible through common sense mon sense alone.Para.7 Through systematic scientifi

35、c study, sociologists gain insight into human behavior in groups, insight not possible through common sense alone.paraphraseparaphrase第24页/共56页第二十五页，共57页。refrainThey They refrain from refrain from making judgments making judgments on issues of opinion.on issues of opinion.Para.7v.If you refrain from

36、 doing something, you deliberately do not do it.resist doing something 他忍住了没做任何(rnh)评论。 He refrained from making any comment.Example：第25页/共56页第二十六页，共57页。Sociology can help us move beyond Sociology can help us move beyond “individual” explanations to “individual” explanations to consider the social s

37、urroundings consider the social surroundings that influence the situationthat influence the situationPara.8 Sociology can help us explain “individual” cases more insightfully by linking them with the crucial social conditions behind them.paraphraseparaphrase第26页/共56页第二十七页，共57页。devianceThe sociology

38、department may also The sociology department may also offer courses on social processes offer courses on social processes such as social problems, such as social problems, deviancedeviance and corrections, and corrections, stratificationstratification, , socializationsocialization and change. and ch

39、ange.Para.9n. A state or condition markedly different from the norm The process by which people, especially children, are made to behave in a way which is acceptable in their culture or society.stratification The division of sth. especially society into different classessocializationn.第27页/共56页第二十八页

40、，共57页。PART 4 Necessity of studying sociologyPara. 13-18What abilities will sociology help you develop第28页/共56页第二十九页，共57页。(1) In Para.13, Cargan and Ballantine highlight a long list of benefits of taking sociology. In the following paragraphs, they provide evidence to justify only a few of the assume

41、d benefits. What are those assumed benefits that are left unsupported or unwarranted? How do you evaluate this? The benefits of taking sociology described in Para. 13 are grouped into a general list of five abilities/skills in paragraph 14 and 12 skills in paragraph 15. It is not necessary to use ex

42、amples to illustrate every benefit mentioned in a long list. However, if the authors added some statistics to support the five categories, the argument would be more convincing第29页/共56页第三十页，共57页。(2) Paras.14-15, Cargan and Ballantine present two lists skills: one of skills that sociology aims to tra

43、in us in and the other of skills employers look for. It seems that some of them are repetitive and some are subcategories of others. Could you study them and regroup them into 5 or 6 general categories?We can see that the first list of skills (sociology trains us in) is broader and more general cate

44、gory, and the second list of skills (employers look for) is the overlapping or subcategory of the former list. So we can simply put the skills of the second list into its respective categories in the first list (actually, some of the skills in the second list can be put into two or more general cate

45、gories in the first list). 第30页/共56页第三十一页，共57页。Ability to view the world more objectively: ability to plan effectively; self-confidence about job responsibilities; ability to listen to others; self-motivation; effective leadership skillsTools to solve problems by designing studies, collecting data,

46、and analyzing results: ability to organize thoughts and information; ability to conceptualize problems clearlyAbility to understand group dynamics: ability to work with peers; self-motivation; ability to interact effectively in group situations; ability to listen to othersAbility to understand and e

47、valuate problems: effective problem-solving skills; effective leadership skills; Ability to understand your personal problems in a broader social context: willingness to adapt to the needs of the organization; ability to handle pressure 5 categories5 categories第31页/共56页第三十二页，共57页。toleranceYou will g

48、ain You will gain tolerancetolerance for and for and fascination with the variety of fascination with the variety of people in the world around you and people in the world around you and their cultural systems.their cultural systems.Para.13n.the quality of allowing other people to say and do what th

49、ey like, even if you do not agree with or approve of it. the ability to bear something painful or unpleasant.allowance 他容不得开任何玩笑(wnxio) He had no tolerance for jokes of any kind. 酒量随着年龄的增大而减少。 Tolerance to alcohol decreases with age.Example：第32页/共56页第三十三页，共57页。perceptionYou will be able to watch the

50、 news You will be able to watch the news or read the paper with keener or read the paper with keener perceptionperception. .Para.13n.the way that you think about it or the impression you have of it.The ability to see, hear or become aware of something through the sensesUnderstanding and insightunder

51、standing and insight 我们的死亡观影响我们的生活方式. Our perceptions of death affect the way we live. 他对家庭状况(zhungkung)的分析显示出敏锐的洞察力。 He showed great perception in his assessment of the family situation.Example：v.perceiveperceivablea.第33页/共56页第三十四页，共57页。PART 5 The job of a sociologistPara. 19-23Job potentials of a

52、sociology major 第34页/共56页第三十五页，共57页。engageThere would be nothing to teach if There would be nothing to teach if sociologists were not actively sociologists were not actively engaged engaged inin learning about the social world. learning about the social world.Para.19carry out or participate in an ac

53、tivity; be involved inIf you engage someone in conversation, you have a conversation with them. If something engages you or your attention or interest, it keeps you interested in it and thinking about it.be involved in 我从来没有从事过贩毒。 I have never engaged in drug trafficking. 他们(t men)试图使他加入谈话。 They tri

54、ed to engage him in conversation. Example：第35页/共56页第三十六页，共57页。PART 6 ConclusionPara. 24-26Summary of the usefulness of sociology to individuals and the world 第36页/共56页第三十七页，共57页。(1) Cargan and Ballantine conclude that “sociology” is the broadest of the social sciences”. What reasons do they give thr

55、oughout the text to validate this claim? To what extent are you convinced?The conclusion or statement that “sociology is the broadest of the social sciences” is reasonable. Cargan and Ballantine described the wide range of areas sociology covers, and other related disciplines that sociology overlaps

56、 with, such as social psychology, political sociology, anthropology, and social history. (2) In what respects do you think the study of sociology as defined in this text would contribute to the development of critical thinking?Sociology not only covers vast areas of social studies, but also provides

57、 objective perspective and scientific methods in understanding the society and individuals. It also trains us in necessary life and work ability or skills in correctly dealing with issues and problems. In a word, sociology offers us a platform for critical thinking. 第37页/共56页第三十八页，共57页。(7) What are

58、the methods that sociologists often apply in their research work?Sociologists probe into a social phenomenon/problem with scientific methods (group explanation instead of personal/individual one) that the next unit is to discuss in details (they include experiment, survey, participant observation/fi

59、eld work, and available data analysis). 第38页/共56页第三十九页，共57页。convictSociologists can assist a juvenile Sociologists can assist a juvenile facility to design programs to help facility to design programs to help young people young people convicted of convicted of crime crime redirect their energies.red

60、irect their energies.Para.24If someone is convicted of a crime, they are found guilty of that crime in a court of law. find or declare guilty 他因谋杀被判处(pn ch)终生监禁。 He was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.Example：v.n.2. A convict is someone who is in prison.第39页/共56页第四十页，共57页。emba

61、rkAs you As you embark onembark on this study, keep in this study, keep in mind that sociology helps us have a mind that sociology helps us have a deeper understanding of ourselves and deeper understanding of ourselves and our place in the world as well.our place in the world as well.Para.25If you e

62、mbark on something new, difficult, or exciting, you start doing it.set out on (an enterprise or subject of study) 他正开始一个当作家(zuji)的新生涯。 Hes embarking on a new career as a writer. 他们登上了一艘去欧洲的船。 They embarked on a ship bound for Europe.Example：v.2. go on board .第40页/共56页第四十一页，共57页。encounterTo enjoy you

63、r To enjoy your encounterencounter with the field with the field and to make the most use of your time and to make the most use of your time in sociologyin sociologyPara.26If you encounter sb., you meet them, usually unexpectedly (come upon)If you encounter problems, you experience themA casual meet

64、ing with sth.我们在工作(gngzu)中遇到如此多的问题。We encounter so many problems in our work.Example：v.1. A casual meeting with sb.or sth.n.第41页/共56页第四十二页，共57页。(8) Functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism, and utilitarianism are four classical theories in sociology. Do you some research online or in

65、your library and find out what each theory basically says and means.Structural functionalism, or simply functionalism, is a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. This approach looks at society through a macr

66、o-level orientation, which is a broad focus on the social structures that shape society as a whole, and believes that society has evolved like organisms. This approach looks at both social structure and social functions. Functionalism addresses society as a whole in terms of the function of its constituent elements, namely norms, customs, traditions, and institutions.第42页/共56页第四十三页，共57页。are perspectives in sociology and social psychology that emphasize the social, political, or material inequali