航海英语900204第四节海图及海图作业

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1、第四节 海图及海图作业 0062. _D_ chart 3994，positions read from this chart should be shifted 0.03 minutes Northward11为与3994号海图（），从本图上读取的船位需向北移0.03海里。ATo consider 考虑BTo check检查 CTo examine检查、测试 DTo agree with 相符0063. _D_ is not a position-fixing system （）不是一种定位系统AHifix 哈飞克斯定位系统BHyperfix 哈皮飞克斯定位系统CTrisponder 三应定

2、位系统DWGS84 （WGS84:World Geodetic System 1984，是为GPS全球定位系统使用而建立的坐标系统。）0064. _B_ the incomplete nature of the survey，heavy draught vessels are warned not to navigate within the 10 fathom line27（由于）测量资料不全面，深吃水船舶被警告不要在10拓等深线内航行。ABecause BOwing to CHaving been DBeing 0065. A chart position enclosed by a sq

3、uare is a（n）_B_ 在海图上用一个方框围起来的船位是（）Afix 定位Bestimated position 预计船位Cdead reckoning position 推算船位Drunning fix 移线定位船位0066. A chart projection depicting the poles and a small area on either side of a connecting meridian，that is sometimes used for star charts，is the _C_56用来描绘地球两极部分区域和相邻子午线两边的小部分区域，有时用来制做索

4、星图，这种海图投影法是（）AAzimuthal gnomonic projection 方位球心投影法BLambert conformal projection兰勃特正形投影，该投影用一个设想的圆锥切于或割于地球面两 纬线上，应用等角条件将地球面上经纬线 网投影到圆锥面上，沿一母线展开成平面。 纬线投影为同心圆弧，经线投影为同心圆 半径，两经线间夹角与相应经差成正比。该 投影角度不变形，切纬线或割纬线(称标准 纬线)不变形，远离标准纬线变形逐渐增 大。适合于制作沿纬线延伸地区地图的数 学基础，广泛用于制作中、小比例尺区域地 图。CTransverse Mercator projection横轴

5、墨卡托投影（即UTM投影），假想一个圆锥其轴与地球椭球旋转轴重合地套在椭球上，按等角的条件把地球椭球上经纬线投影到圆锥面上，然后沿一条母线(经线)将圆锥面切开展成平面，这就是正轴等角圆锥投影。这种投影最适合于中纬度地区，为世界上许多国家制作地图所使用。DPolyconic projection 多圆锥形投影法，假想用一系列同轴圆锥切于地球各纬线上，将地球上的经纬线投影到各圆锥面上，然后沿某一母线展开而成。0067. A chart with a scale of 1:80，000 would fall into the category of a _C_ 海图比例尺为1:80，000的海图将归

6、入下列哪一类（）1 / 10Asailing chart航行图Bgeneral chart普通海图Ccoastal chart 沿岸海图Dharbor chart 港图0068. A polyconic projection is based on a _D_156多多圆锥形投影法的原理是基于（）APlane tangent at one point 在一点上的平面切线BCylinder tangent at one parallel 在一条平行线上柱状投影CCone tangent at one parallel 在一条平行线上的锥形投影DSeries of cones tangent at

7、 selected parallels 在一些选好的平行线上的一系列的锥形投影0069. A revised print of a chart is made _C_172（何时）出修订版海图Aafter every major hydrographic survey of the area covered by the chart 每次海图覆盖区域经重要的海道测量后Bwhen there are numerous corrections to be made or the corrections are extensive 经过多次改正或改正范围比较广Cwhen a low-stock si

8、tuation occurs and minor corrections are made （当前版）海图库存少，且对该海图的改正比较少Devery two years to update the magnetic variation information 每两年对磁差资料进行更新0070. A true bearing of a charted object，when plotted on a chart，will establish a _B_ 当在海图上标绘图示物标的真方位时，该（方位线）将构成（）AFix 定位BLine of position 船位线CRelative bearin

9、g 相对方位DRange 距离0071. All straight lines represent great circle tracks on a chart based on a（n）_D_324在海图上代表大圆的所有直线是基于（）AMercator projection 墨卡托投影，由荷兰地图学家墨卡托(C. Mercator)于1569年创拟即正轴等角圆柱投影。假想一个与地轴方向一致的圆柱体面切于地球，将经纬网投影到圆柱面上，将圆柱面展开为平面所得到的一种等角投影由荷兰地图学家墨卡托(C. Mercator)于1569年创拟即正轴等角圆柱投影。假想一个与地轴方向一致的圆柱体面切于地球，

10、将经纬网投影到圆柱面上，将圆柱面展开为平面所得到的一种等角投影BPolyconic projection多圆锥形投影法COrthographic projection正射投影，一种任意性质的透视方位投影。承影面切于球面，视点位于无限远处，投影线互相平行且垂直于承影面。DGnomonic projection球心投影，投影平面与地球相切，投影原点在球心。切点附近可认为无变形。常用以绘制大比例尺港泊图。0072. Areas enclosed by a long and short dashed magenta line indicate _C_378（在海图上）由品红色的长、短虚线围起来的区域表

11、示（）ACable areas 电缆区域BDumping grounds 垃圾倾倒区CFish trap areas 渔栅DPrecautionary areas 警戒区0073. Chart legends printed in capital letters show that the associated landmark is _B_455在海图上与陆标有关的图示，该图示用大写字母印制，表示该陆标（）Ainconspicuous 不显著Bconspicuous 显著的Ca government facility or station 政府设施或台站Da radio transmitte

12、r 无线电发射台0074. Charts should be corrected by using information published in the _C_459海图应用（）发布的资料改正ALight List 灯标表BAmerican Practical Navigator美洲实用航海，美国独立之后的第一位数学家 Bowditch（17731838年）写的一本书CNotice to Mariners 航海通告DCoast Pilot 沿岸航路指南0075. Charts showing the coast of Mexico are produced by the United St

13、ates _A_ 显示墨西哥沿岸的海图是由美国（）印制的ANational Geospatial-Intelligence Agency （a combat support agency that provides geographic intelligence in support of national security）美国的一个为国家安全提供地理情报资料的战争支持机构BCoast Guard 海岸警卫队CNaval Observatory 海军观测台DNational Ocean Service 国家海洋服务机构0076. Distance along a track line is

14、measured on a Mercator chart by using the _A_493在墨卡托海图上，在航迹线上量取航程用（）Alatitude scale near the middle of the track line 接近航迹线中间的单位纬度标尺Blongitude scale near the middle of the track line 接近航迹线中间的单位经度标尺Clatitude scale at the midlatitude of the chart 海图纬度中间的纬单位纬度标尺Dlatitude or longitude scale at the middl

15、e of the scale海图经度中间的单位经度标尺0077. Every chart is liable to（固定词组，易于;可能） be incomplete _C_ 所有海图都有可能不完整，（）Athe final judge of the reliance the mariner can place on the information given 航海者可根据所给出的资料对其可信度作出最后判断Bits immediate importance cannot always be verified before promulgation 其最近的重要资料在发布之前无法总是得到确认Ct

16、hrough imperfections in the survey on which it is based，or subsequent alterations to the topography or sea floor 海图所采用的测量资料不完善，或因随后海底地形或海床发生变化Ddeferring the promulgation of certain less important information 对某些不太重要的资料推迟发布0078. For what purpose would using a Lambert conformal chart be more convenien

17、t than using a Mercator _A_ 当用于（什么目的）时，使用兰勃特正形投影海图比用墨卡托投影海图更方便。APlotting radio bearings over a long distance 在海图上标绘长距离的无线电方位BDetermining latitude and longitude of a fix 确定定位的经、纬度CMeasuring rhumb line distances 计算恒向线上的距离DMeasuring rhumb line directions 计算恒向线上的方向0079. Magnetic information on a chart m

18、ay be _D_808在海图上，有关磁差的资料可在（）找到Afound in the center（s）of the compass rose（s） 罗经花中部Bindicated by isogonic lines 由等磁差线表示Cfound in a note on the chart 在海图上提示材料中Dall of the above 上面都是0080. Many of the soundings shown on the chart are derived from _C_Undue reliance should not be placed upon them816海图上的许多测

19、深资料都是从（）中引用的，不要过分相信它们。AComplete and often very poor surveys 完整的，但质量较差的测量BCorrect and often very good surveys 正确的，且一般都很好的测量CInadequate and often very old surveys 不适当的，且一般都很老旧的测量DAdequate and present surveys 适当的且较新的测量0081. Navigational charts are _D_ frequent changes，the important one of which are pro

20、mulgated by Admiralty Notices to Mariners839航海海图（）经常的改正，其中重要的改正资料是通过航海通告发布的APublished with 与-一起出版BCombined with 与-结合CIn connection with 与-联系DSubject to固定词组，容易遭受0082. On a Mercator chart，1 nautical mile is equal to _C_855在墨卡托投影海图上，1海里等于（）A1 minute of longitude 经度一分B1 degree of longitude 经度一度C1 minute

21、 of latitude 纬度一分D1 degree of latitude 纬度一度0083. On chart，bearings to near objects should be used in preference to objects farther off，because _A_ 在海图上，要优先使用近处物标而非远处物标的方位，这是（）Aa small error in bearing or in laying it down on the chart has a greater effect in misplacing the position the longer the li

22、ne to be drawn 距离越长，测量方位或作图上的小误差对船位误差的影响越大Ball scales are kept updated for vital information by Notices to Mariners 所有比例尺的海图其关键信息都通过航海通告得以更新Cthe larger the scale of the chart，the greater the detail that can be shown on it 海图比例尺越大，其所显示的资料越详细Dthe mariner using the medium scale charts for passage along

23、 a coast need not transfer on to a large scale for short distances 在沿岸航行时使用中等比例尺海图的航海者，如遇一小段航程有更大比例尺海图时，不需要改用更大比例尺海图0084. On this chart only the principle _D_ to navigation are shown 本海图上，仅显示有关航行的主要的（）Aequipments 设备的Btools 工具Capparatus 器材Daids 助航设施0085. Particular care is needed when navigating in t

24、he vicinity of _B_ as very few of these features have been fully surveyed to modern standards to determine their correct position，full extent，or the least depth over them 当在（）附近航行时，应当特别小心，因为对这些物标很少以现代标准进行全面的测量，以确定其正确的位置、全部范围或其上的最小水深ASW of Cocos Islands 柯可岛西南部Boceanic dangers or seamounts 大洋上的危险物或海底山

25、脉Cundiscovered dangers 未发现的危险物Dthe continental shelf 大陆架0086. That the scale of any part of a chart to be larger than the scale of the survey is _A_ 一般来说，出现海图上某一部分的比例尺比测量比例尺大的概率（）Avery rare 很少Bcommon 普通Coften 经常Dreasonable 合理的0087. The arrangement of charts in the catalogue is _A_ 海图总目录中，对海图的排序是（）Ao

26、n a regional basis 按区域排序Bon a national basis 按国家排序Cshown orderly 按（图号）顺序Dappeared from A to W 按字母顺序从A到W排序0088. The broken magenta lines（long and short dashes）in and around Mobjack Bay indicate _C_ Mobjack Bay（地名）内或附近，品红色的长、短虚线表示（）AAmphibious training areas两栖作战的;海陆空协同作战的训练区域BGrounds for dredge spoil

27、疏浚垃圾倾倒区CFish trap areas 渔栅DGunnery exercise areas 射击练习区0089. The changes in the channels sands and buoys on this coast are _D_ this chart can not be considered as a safe guide of the channel994本处沿岸的沙洲及浮标（经常）变化以至于本海图不能被认为是通过水道的安全的指南。Afrequent Bso frequent Cfrequent that Dso frequent that 0090. The ch

28、art of a beach area shows a very flat slope to the underwater beach bottomWhat type of breakers can be expected when trying to land a boat on this beach _B_ 海图上显示，一处海滩到海底之间有段非常平缓的坡度，当你尝试将小艇在该海滩冲滩时，估计会遇到什么浪花ASurging波涛汹涌的BSpilling溢出CPlunging冲进的;突进的DConverging收缩的0091. The only cylindrical chart project

29、ion widely used for navigation is the _B_ 唯一的在航海广泛使用的柱形海图投影法是（）ALambert conformal 兰勃特正形投影BMercator 墨卡托投影CAzimuthal 方位角投影DGnomonic 球心投影0092. The path that a vessel is expected to follow，represented on a chart by a line drawn from the point of departure to the point of arrival，is the _B_ 海图上，从起航点画到抵达点

30、，预计给船舶航行的路线，是（）ADR plot 推算船们标绘Btrack line 航迹线Cheading 船艏线Destimated course 预计航向0093. The revision date of a chart is printed on which area of the chart _B_ 修订版海图的修订日期印在海图上的哪一个区域ATop center 上部中心BLower-left corner 左下角CPart of the chart title 海图标题部分DAny clear area around the neat line内图廓线附近的空白区域0094. T

31、he shoreline on charts generally represents the mean _A_ 海图上的海岸线一般表示（）AHigh water line 高潮面BLow water line 低潮面CLow water spring line 大潮低潮面DTide level 潮高基准面0095. The short-long dashed magenta line around Gardiners Island marks _B_ Gardiners Island（地名）附近品红色的长、短虚线表示（）AA regulated anchorage 指定锚地BFish tra

32、p areas 渔栅CAn area closed to the public 不对公众开放的区域DUnderwater cables 海底电缆0096. The short-long dashed，magenta lines parallel to York River Entrance Channel mark _A_1193与York River（河名）进港航道平行的品红色的长、短虚线表示（）Afish trap areas 渔栅区Bnaval exercise areas 海军练习区域Cunderwater cables 海底电缆Drecommended track lines 推荐航

33、迹线0097. The soundings on the imperial chart are measured in _A_ 英版海图测深用（）表示丈量单位AFeet 英尺BYards 码CFathoms 拓DMeters 米0098. The survey information upon which a chart is based is found _B_ 有关海图所采用的扫测资料方面的信息可在海图的（）找到AAt the top center of the neat line 内图廓线上中部BNear the chart title 海图标题附近CAt the lower left

34、corner 左下角DAt any convenient location 认为方便的任何位置0099. What information is found in the chart title _C_1345在海图标题上可找到什么信息（）ADate of the first edition 第一版的出版日期BDate of the edition and，if applicable，the revision 出版日期，或修订版出版日期（方便的话）CInformation on the sounding datum 有关扫测资料的信息DInformation on which IALA buo

35、yage system applies 有关所采用的IALA浮标系统的信息0100. What information is NOT found in the chart title _C_ 海图标题上找不到（）ASurvey information 扫测信息BScale 比例尺CDate of first edition第一版的出版日期DProjection 投影法0101. What is the major advantage of a rhumb line track _A_ 恒向线的主要优点是（）AThe vessel can steam on a constant heading（

36、disregarding wind，current，etc） 船舶可沿一固定航向航行（假设不风、流影响）BThe rhumb line is the shortest distance between the arrival and departure points 恒向线是连接起始点与终点之间距离最短的CIt is easily plotted on a gnomonic chart for comparison with a great circle course 在心形投影海图上，画恒向线比画大圆航线更容易DIt approximates a great circle on east-w

37、est courses in high latitudes 在高纬度海区，东西航向的恒向线接近大圆航线0104. Which aid is NOT marked on a chart with a magenta circle _A_ 下列哪一种助航标志的图式在海图上不是品红色的AAero light 航空灯标BRadar station 雷达站CRadar transponder beacon 雷达反射标DRadiobeacon 无线电信标0105. Which chart symbol indicates the bottom is clay _C_ 海底底质是泥土用下列哪一种简写表示（）

38、ACly BCla CCl DC 0106. Which information does the outer ring of a compass rose on a nautical chart provide _B_ 海图上罗经花外圈提供的信息是（）Avariation 磁差Btrue directions 真航向Cmagnetic directions 磁航向Dannual rate of variation change 磁差年度变化率0107. Which information is found in the chart title _B_ 海图标题上可找到什么信息（）AChart

39、 number 海图编号BChart sounding datum 海图水深基准面CRevision and edition date 修订版及海图版本的出版日期DVariation information 有关磁差的信息0108. Which information is found in the chart title _D_ 海图标题上可找到什么信息（）ANumber of the chart 海图的编号BEdition date 出版日期CVariation information有关磁差的信息DSurvey information 有关扫测资料的信息0109. Which state

40、ment about a gnomonic chart is correct _D_ 下列有关心形投影海图的描述哪一项正确AA rhumb line appears as a straight line 恒向线显示是一条直线BDistance is measured at the midlatitude of the track line 使用航迹线中部的纬度刻度作为量距离的标准CMeridians appear as curved lines converging toward the nearer pole子午线（经线）在海图上显示为向邻近的地极弯曲的曲线DParallels，except

41、 the equator，appear as curved lines 除赤道外，其他的平行线显示为曲线0113. A chart has extensive corrections to be made to itWhen these are made and the chart is again printed，the chart issue is a _B_55海图有大范围的改正，当这些改正改到海图上后且海图重新印制，这种海图叫（）AFirst edition 第一版BNew edition 新版CRevised edition 修订版DReprint 翻印版0114. A marker

42、 pole，with a horseshoe buoy and a sea anchor attached，should be used to _D_ 海图上由一个马蹄形浮标及一个与之相连接的海锚作为标志的点被用来（）Amark the position of a lost mooring 表示丢失锚的位置Bdetermine your vessels sideslip underway 确定船舶在航时的偏移Cdetermine your speed through the water 确定船舶的对水速度Dindicate location of a man overboard 表示人员落水的

43、位置0116. Charted depths _D_ by 2 meters due to state of the winds 受风的影响，海图水深应（减去）2米AIs decreased BDecreased CDecreases DAre decreased 0118. Contour elevations on this chart refer to heights in feet above mean _D_ 本海图上礁石的高程等高线是用英尺为单位的，在（）以上ALower low water 低低潮面BHigh water 高潮面CLow water 低潮面DSea level 海

44、平面0123. No navigational aids are shown and the chart is not kept corrected for alterations in depths inside the pecked linesFor more detailed information，the larger scale charts must be _A_844本海图上虚线内的区域，未显示助航标志，且水深变化未加以改正。如需得到更加详细的资料，应（）更大比例尺的海图。Areferred to 参考、参阅Bappreciated 感谢Cmet with 符合Dconcerne

45、d 关心、关照0124. On a nautical chart，the inner ring of a compass rose indicates _D_856航用海图上，罗经花的内圈表示（）ATrue directions 真航向BCompass error 罗经误差CDeviation 自差DMagnetic directions 磁航向0126. Positions read from this chart should be moved 0.08 minutes Southward and 0.13 minutes Eastward so as _D_ adjoining char

46、t 3446 为与图号为3446的海图（），从本海图上读取的位置应向南移0.08分，向东移0.13分。ATo agree upon 同意BIn accordance with 根据CTo be same as 相同DTo agree with 相符0127. Positions read from this chart should，to agree with chart 3949，be _A_ 0.03 minutes Northwards and 0.22 minutes Westwards 为与图号为3949的海图（），从本海图上读取的位置应向北及向西各（）0.03分及0.22分。ASh

47、ifted 移动BRemoved 移除CChanged 改变DAltered 更改0132. The broken magenta line which runs parallel to the shore between Roanoke Point and Mattituck Inlet marks a _A_ 海图上在Roanoke Point和 Mattituck Inlet之间与岸线平行的品红色的间断线表示（）AFish trap area 渔栅BPipeline 海底管路CDemarcation line 分界线DCable area 电缆区域0135. The range of a

48、 light on Admiralty Charts is normally the _A_ 英版海图上灯标的能见距是（）Anominal range额定能见距指在气象能见度为10n mile 条件下，该灯塔灯光的光力射程。Bluminous range 光识能见距，指在某一气象能见度条件下，该灯塔灯光所能照射的最大距离。Cgeographical range 地理能见距，当能见度良好时，仅由于地面曲率和地面光线的折射率的影响，具有一定眼高的测者，理论上能够看到物标的最大距离。Dvisible range 视力能见距0136. The range of a light on Admiralty

49、 Charts is normally the _A_ Anominal range Bluminous range Cgeographical range Dvisible range 0137. To _D_ Admiralty Charts 438，latitudes taken from this chart should be increased by about 5 seconds1259为与图号为438的海图（），从本海图上读取的纬度应增加5秒AConvert to 转换到BCome to 来到CLook at 看看DAgree with 相符0138. Vessels shou

50、ld not anchor or trawl in the vicinity of pipelines and are _D_ in the pipeline area shown on the chart1323船舶不应在管路附近抛锚及拖网，且海图所示的有管路的区域（禁止抛锚）。AProhibit to anchor BProhibited to anchor CProhibited from anchor DProhibited from anchoring 0142. What is the significance of the broken magenta lines which r

51、oughly parallel the shore between Roanoke Point and Orient Point on Long Island _C_ 在海图上Roanoke Point和 Orient Point on Long Island之间基本上与岸线平行的品红色的间断线表示（）AThey mark the limits of breakers in that area 表示该区域开花浪范围BThese lines warn the mariner of submerged rocks 警告航海者有水下礁石CThey mark the boundary lines of

52、 fish trap areas 表示渔栅的界限DThese lines warn the mariner of submerged pipelines 警告航海者水下管路0692. In very high latitudes，the most practical chart projection is the _ D_ 在纬度很高的海区，最实用的海图投影法是（）AMercator 墨卡托投影BGnomonic 球心投影CAzimuthal 方位投影DLambert conformal 兰勃特正形投影1238. _B_ is a digitized“picture”of a chart （）

53、是海图的数字化的图像AVector chart format矢量数据海图格式是电子海图数据库的另一种形式，数字化的海图信息分类存储，因此可查询任意图标的细节（如灯标的位置、颜色、周期等），海图要素分层显示，使用者可根据需要选择不同层次的信息量（例如只显示小于10米的水深），并能设置警戒区、危险区的自动报警，还可查询其他航海信息（如港口设施、潮汐变化、海流矢量等），有人把矢量海图称为“智能化电子海图”。BRaster chart data 光栅海图数据，是电子海图数据库的一种形式，通过对纸海图的一次性扫描,形成单一的数字信息文件。光栅海图可以看作是纸海图的复制品，包含的信息（如岸线、水深等）与纸

54、海图一一对应。可定期更正，可与定位传感器（如GPS）接口，但使用者不能对光栅海图进行询问式操作（如查询某一海图要素特征，或隐去某类海图要素等）。因此有人称光栅海图为“非智能化电子海图”。英国航道测量局（UK HO）制作的光栅海图ARCS和美国国家海洋空间署（NOAA）制作的光栅海图是比较有影响的两种。Cpixel图素、映像点DElectronic Nautical Chart 电子导航海图，是由各国官方航道测量部门（HO）按照国际航道测量组织（IHO）S57（第三版）标准制作的矢量式电子海图，英国船商公司也为各国航道测量部门提供ENC的制作、更新和维护服务。 友情提示：方案范本是经验性极强的领域，本范文无法思考和涵盖全面，供参考!最好找专业人士起草或审核后使用。