国际音标讲义全

《国际音标讲义全》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《国际音标讲义全（30页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、-音标课讲义国际音标简介 广义：国际音标International Phonetic Alphabet，原义是“国际语音字母，简称IPA，由国际语音协会制定 狭义：英语国际音标DJ音标，由英国语音学家Daniel Jones创立。由于它用来标注英语的发音，一般都把它叫做英语国际音标，后来在国干脆简称国际音标。学习音标的作用 打好音标根底是学好英语的根本条件 提高听说能力，培养良好的语感 有助于依靠读音记单词 “见其形读其音，听其音写其形学习音标的要求 重视英语听说能力 结合单词识记音标 大胆开口练习，不要害怕犯错 不放过任何时机，用心体会标准的发音音标一览表26个英语字母的发音语音知识 1)

2、字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u 2) 音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素. 3) 元音：发音响亮，口腔中气流不受阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音。 4) 辅音：发音不响亮，口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28个辅音。 5) 音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple，student，teacher，understand。 6) 开音节： a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e 如:name, bike, home, house 等 b) 辅音+元音 如：he, go, hi7) 闭音节： a) 辅音+元音+辅

3、音 如：bad，bed，sit，hot，cup b)元音+辅音 如：it 8) 重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。音标分类 英语国际音标共有48个 元音20个 长元音/:/:/:/i:/U:/ 短元音/e/ 双元音 /e/ /a/ / / /e/ / / /a/ 辅音28个 轻辅音/p/t/k/f/s/h/ts/t/tr/ 浊辅音/b/d/g/v/z/r/dz/ /d/ /dr/ 鼻音 /m/n/ 半元音/j/w/ 边音/长元音i: 发音部位：舌尖轻抵下齿龈，舌前部抬高，但不抵上齿龈； 发音方法：嘴角向后缩，使双唇呈扁平状；气流从口腔中流出，振动声带，发出此音。 me sheep teach

4、 people receivei: 常见的字母组合 ee: three tree green sheep meet beef see seek ea: eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please e: he she me we be ie ei eo ey i: people piece receive ceiling 绕口令：A: Tea or coffee B: Tea for Lee and coffee for me, please.长元音: 发音部位：舌端离开下齿，舌身平展，舌中部稍微抬起 发音方法：双唇扁

5、平，向左右略微拉开，成微笑状 气流从口腔中冲出微振声带，发出此音。 her bird nurse learn work:常见的字母组合 ir: girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird ur: turn burn nurse Thursday burger ear: learn earn earth heard er: term her serve or: work worm work world 绕口令：The early bird catches the worm first.长元音a: 发音部位：舌端离开下齿，舌身平放后缩，舌位较低； 发音方

6、法：口大，气流从口腔中流出，振动声带，发出此音 glass car laugh heart arma:常见的字母组合 a: grass glass class plant dance fast fat last half ar: car star arm park March hard garden dark au: laugh aunt ear: heart 绕口令：Its far to the farm from the park.长元音: 发音部位：舌尖离开下齿，舌后抬高，上下唇略为大，唇形较圆，并用力向前突出 发音方法：气流从口腔中冲出，振动声带，发出此音。 small more au

7、tumn four warm door: 常见的字母组合 a: water aw: draw strawberry al: ball wall call small or: horse morning corn fork or short oor: floor door au: autumn ar: warm our: four bought 绕口令：My daughter is forty-four.长元音u: 发音部位：舌端离开下齿，舌后部向软腭抬高，舌位较高；双唇尽量收缩成圆而小，并稍向前突出； 发音方法：气流从口腔中冲出，振动声带，发出此音。 food do true fruit so

8、up shoeu:常见的字母组合 o: do who whose to oo: food moon too soon room ui: fruit juice u: ruler blue full ou: soup oe: shoe 绕口令：How do you do You looked really cool.Task Review and preview Rewrite the form of 26 letters Read the words and sentences aloud练一练：写出以下划线局部字母的发音，并找出发音不同的单词。 A B C D ( )1. he feet b

9、read green ( )2. live fish teacher we ( )3. tall first work shirt ( )4. tree see clean Sunday ( )5. father doctor skirt china ( ) 6. moon food eat fruit ( ) 7. true book wood look ( ) 8. four small walk bird ( ) 9. bus foot good book ( ) 10. cararm food garden【i】 舌尖轻抵下齿齿龈，舌前部向硬腭抬起；嘴角向后缩使双唇略扁 极为短促的气流

10、从口腔中冲出，微振声带，发出此音。 in ticket busy happy money【i】常见的字母组合 i: is English pig fish fifteen si* ship e: behind jacket basketball y: happy heavy busy sunny study twentywindyrainy ey: monkey money u: busy 绕口令：His little sister is sitting in the middle. i:和 i 1.it-eat 2. seatsit 3. treetrip 4. sheepship 区分以下

11、单词： need sister rich weak agree big swim keep miss tree fish people e 舌端靠近下齿，舌前部稍稍抬起； 双唇扁平，上下齿的距离相当于一个中指宽度； 极为短促的气流从口腔中冲出，振动声带，发出此音。 get bread again egg e 常见的字母组合 e: egg desk leg red pet ten pen ea: bread head breakfast ai: again said 绕口令：Good, better, best. Never let it rest.【】 舌端靠近下齿，双唇尽量向两边平伸，使嘴角

12、肌肉感到紧； 极为短促的气流从口腔中冲出，振动声带发出此音。 that map catch black apple【】常见的字母组合 a: dad hat cap bag cat can bad apple bag hand black has stand map 和 e 1.patpet 2. satset 3. sadsaid 4.badbed 5.daddead 区分以下单词： wet bag act bed never ten bread many thank seven head【】 舌中部向上鄂抬起，舌端离开下齿，舌身自然平展；唇形放松、扁平 极为短促的气流从口腔中冲出，振动声带，

13、发出此音 much cup some money touch【】常见的字母组合 o: son e colour love money u: sun nut jump us bus brush supper duck ou: touch cousin country 绕口令：e to the front on the double. / / 舌端离开下齿，舌身尽量降低并后缩；双唇自然成圆形，嘴角有紧绷的感觉，保持口形不变； 一股极为短促的气流从口腔中冲出，振动声带，发出此音 dog hot doctor what watch wash 常见的字母组合 o: fo* coffee dog shop

14、 hot doctor long sorry a: watch what wash 绕口令：The little pot is so hot. 舌端离开下齿，舌后部向软腭抬起；双唇圆而小，稍向前突出； 极为短促的气流从口腔中冲出，振动声带，发出此音。 good foot woman put full could 常见的字母组合 o: woman wolf oo: look good book foot wood classroom u: put full bullet ou: could should would 绕口令：Look at the cookbook. Its really goo

15、d. 舌端离开下齿，舌身平展而放松，舌中部向上颚抬起； 双唇略扁，使嘴微，舌尖靠近下齿龈，但不贴紧； 气流从口腔中冲出，微振声带，发出此音。 mother winter sugar doctor china open/ 常见的字母组合 er: teacher clever brother dinner father sister ruler ar: sugar or: doctor a: panda about above camera sofa China e: open ure: picture 绕口令：The farmers brother is a doctor.p-b 【p】是清辅音

16、 舌身自然平放在口腔中，双唇紧闭，呈不说话状态，在口腔形成一股气流；气流由双唇迸出，不振动声带，发出此音。 /p/: pen map help cheap pencil paper apple happy 【b】是浊辅音 舌身自然平放在口腔中，双唇紧闭，呈不说话状态，在口腔形成一股气流；气流由双唇迸出，振动声带，发出此音。 /b/: bag by boy blue rabbit cabbaget-d 【t】是清辅音 舌尖轻抵上齿龈，嘴微；舌与硬腭之间聚集一股气流；气流由舌尖和上齿龈之间冲出，同时，舌尖迅速离开上齿龈，不振动声带。 /t/: ten time not table little p

17、retty 【d】是浊辅音 舌尖轻抵上齿龈，嘴微；舌与硬腭之间聚集一股气流；气流由舌尖和上齿龈之间冲出，同时，舌尖迅速离开上齿龈，振动声带。 /d/: desk door day dog daddy middlek-g 【k】是清辅音 舌后部抬高并使其紧贴软腭，嘴微；舌后部与软腭之间聚集一股气流；气流由舌后部和软腭之间冲出，同时，舌后部与软腭迅速别离，不振动声带，发出此音。 /k/: cat e clock picture book bike cake kite look 【g】是浊辅音 舌后部抬高并使其紧贴软腭，嘴微；舌后部与软腭之间的气流由舌后部和软腭之间冲出，同时，舌后部与软腭迅速别离，

18、振动声带，发出此音。 /g/: girl big egg guess great glad game again glass dogTask Review and preview Finish your homework Read the words and sentences aloud作业校对：用音标给26个英语字母标音A a B b C c D d e bi: si: di: E e F f G g H hi: ef di: etI i J j K k L l M m N n a de ke e em enO o P p Q q R r S s T t pi: kju: : es ti:

19、U u V v W w * * Y y Z zju: vi: dbju: eks wa zed/ zi: 作业一、写出以下划线局部字母的发音，并找出发音不同的单词。 A B C D ( )1. pig is dog ship ( ) 2.thirty bird her food ( ) 3.she big in money ( ) 4.teacher sister about girl ( ) 5.happy sea sit picture( ) 6. true jump bus cut ( ) 7. bag short map flag( ) 8. egg pen head small( )

20、 9. rabbit good would foot( ) 10.rat bat apple ten二、写出以下划线字母的读音，有一种读音的在 里画,有两种读音的画,有三种的画 ( ) 1. hat fast cook last ( ) 2. jeep door sun who ( ) 3. dad cap hand watch ( ) 4. star car cut from( ) 5. skirt sheep bird her 三、根据发音规则，找出每组中发的单词。 1.rat bed face sport 2.hear cup fat pear 3.rice bat finger tre

21、e 4.sea young knife apple四、根据发音规则，找出每组中不发e的单词。 1.cat well leg pen 2.sweat map pet elephant 3.egg ten tall desk 4.bread head bed toy练一练：从B栏找出与A栏对应的单词或音标并连线。1、 A B 2、 A Bhurry baik i goathurt keik dg pearlook hri gut thingcake luk feis dogbike h:t pe face【f】-【v】 【f】是清辅音 上齿轻触下唇；气流从唇与齿之间的空隙泄出，产生一定摩擦；不振动

22、声带，发出此音。 /f/: five fish fine family fifteen photo phone elephant laugh enough off coffee 【v】是浊辅音 上齿轻触下唇；气流从唇与齿之间的空隙泄出，产生一定摩擦；振动声带，发出此音。 /v/: very five have of leave voice visit visitor themselves 【s】-【z】 【s】是清辅音 舌尖接近上齿龈，舌尖与上齿龈之间的距离较小；气流从舌头与硬腭和齿龈之间摩擦而出；不振动声带，发出此音。/s/: nice city cycle sit si* some bus

23、 use us desk books miss class 【z】是浊辅音 舌尖接近上齿龈，舌尖与上齿龈之间的距离较小；气流从舌尖与齿龈之间摩狭缝中擦而出，吐气较弱；振动声带，发出此音。/z/: is his please music lose husband apples leaves thieves knives size e*ercise prize zoo reason【】-【】 【】是清辅音 将舌尖略微伸出，放在上下齿之间，使舌尖两面轻触上下齿；气流从舌和齿间流出，但口腔各部位保持不动；不振动声带，发出此音。 /: three thank month thin thought thr

24、ee throw tooth teeth south north month mouth through 【】是浊辅音 将舌尖略微伸出，放在上下齿之间，使舌尖两面轻触上下齿；气流从舌和齿间流出，但口腔各部位保持不动；振动声带，发出此音。 /: this the with than breathe though mother father there that these those 【】 【】是双元音 口形由【】向【】的舌位滑动， 【】发得响亮， 【】发得模糊短促；唇形从扁平到略圆，舌位由低到高；气流从口腔中冲出，振动声带，发出此音。 ago, nose, rose, hope, boat,

25、coat, tomorrow, kilo, know, piano, yellow, grow, bowl, own, show, low, cold【u】 【u】是双元音 由【u】很快滑向【】 ，【u】发得清晰响亮，【】发得短促；唇形由圆形到扁平，舌位由高到低；气流从口腔中冲出。振动声带，发出此音。 poor, sure, tour, tourist, jewel, cruel, Europe【i】 【i】是双元音 是从【i】向【e】的舌位滑动，【i】发得清楚响亮，【e】发得模糊短促；唇形扁平，舌位由到上下；气流从从口腔中冲出，振动声带，发出此音。 ear, deer, here, tear

26、, beer, theater, museum, clear, cheer, appear, serious, fear, near, engineer【】 【】是双元音 由【】很快滑向【】 ，发【】时舌尖靠近下齿，唇形由扁平到自然，舌位由低到高；气流从口腔中冲出，振动声带，发出此音。 pair, air, chair, hair, fair, square, care, there, bear, where, wear, their【i】 【i】是双元音 是从【i】向【e】的舌位滑动，【i】发得清楚响亮，【e】发得模糊短促；唇形扁平，舌位由到上下；气流从从口腔中冲出，振动声带，发出此音。 e

27、ar, deer, here, tear, beer, theater, museum, clear, cheer, appear, serious, fear, near, engineer【】 【】是双元音 由【】很快滑向【】 ，发【】时舌尖靠近下齿，唇形由扁平到自然，舌位由低到高；气流从口腔中冲出，振动声带，发出此音。 pair, air, chair, hair, fair, square, care, there, bear, where, wear, their【i】 【i】是双元音 从【】向【i】的舌位滑动，【】发得清楚响亮，【i】发得模糊短促；唇形由圆形变成扁平，舌位由低到高；

28、气流从口腔中冲出，振动声带，发出此音。 boy, toy, coin, oil, boil, noise, point, joy, join, enjoy, voice, choice 【ei】 【ei】是双元音 由【e】很快滑向【i】 ，【e】发得清楚响亮， 【i】 发得短促；唇形由扁平到自然，舌位由高到低；气流从口腔中冲出，振动声带，发出此音。 table, radio, take, make, same, play, great, stay, day, say, may, place, space, eight, wait, maybe, pain, save, way, always,

29、 gray, afraid【ai】 【ai】是双元音 从【a】向【i】的舌位滑动，【a】发得清楚响亮，【i】发得模糊短促；唇形扁平，由大到小，舌位由低到高；气流从口腔中冲出，振动声带，发出此音。 I, kite, bike, white, five, knife, rice, write, time, nine, eye, sky, pie, lie, die, light, right, night, fly, my, mind, quite, cry, buy, fine 【a】 【a】是双元音 由【a】滑向【】 ，【a】发得响亮，【】发得短促；唇形由扁平到圆形，由小到大，舌位由低到高；气

30、流从口腔中冲出，振动声带，发出此音。 house, how, now, down, out, mouse, flower, sound, mountain, count, hour, ground, found, round, brown, crowdTask Review and preview Finish your homework Read the words and sentences aloud Prepare for the e*am作业一、根据音标，填写正确的单词。Apple feet bear keep head white desk elephant lamp mouse/

31、 be / / wait / / pl / / ki:p / hed / / elifnt / / maus / / fi:t / / desk / / lmp / 二、找出画线局部读音不同的单词，并写出划线局部的音标( ) 1. A. tea B. meat C. weather D. beach( ) 2. A. back B. fast C. have D. map( ) 3. A. warm B. garden C. market D. party( ) 4. A. school B. tooth C. choose D. good( ) 5. A. book B. moody C.

32、look D. cook( ) 6. A. June B. ruler C. put D. menu( ) 7. A. push B. fun C. sun D. ugly( ) 8. A. tiger B. her C. officer D. over( ) 9. A. go B. no C. cold D. hot( ) 10.A. like B. lion C. pizza D. Friday( ) 11.A. cake B. face C. apple D. late( ) 12.A. me B. leg C. bed D. set( ) 13.A. hut B. ruler C. d

33、uck D. cup( ) 14.A. clock B. hot C. go D. sockead B. dead C. deaf D. sea( )16.A. little B. thing C. white D. with三、选出划线字母正确读音1、toy A./ / B. / e / C. / a /2、here A./ / B. / / C. / /3、stair A. / e / B./ / C. / e /4、our A. / / B. / / C. / a /5、ride A. / / B. / a / C. /: /6、speak A. / / B. / / C. / i: /

34、7、tall A. / / B. / e / C. / : /8、car A. /: / B. / / C. / : /9、skirt A. / : / B. / : / C. / /10、cold A. / / B. / / C. / /She sells seashells by the seashore. The shells she sells are surely seashells. If she sell shells by the seashore, Im sure she sells seashore shells.练一练：找出所给单词划线字母与其他三个读音不同的单词。 1.

35、A. cake B. name C. grade D. hat 2. A. he B. bed C. leg D. get 3. A. home B. nose C. go D. not 4. A. duck B. bus C. blue D. mug 5. A. nice B. big C. si* D. Miss找出划线局部发音不同的选项 1、A. cold B. old C. home D. sorry 2、A. play B. game C. ta*i D. name 3、A. town B. toy C. our D. cow 4、A. this B. ride C. white D

36、. bike 5、A. small B. apple C. walk D. horse 6、A. here B. girl C. skirt D. shirt 7、A. read B. bee C. please D. sweater 8、A. red B. see C. she D. we 9、A. has B. banana C. ta*i D. bag 10、A. near B. pear C. stair D. chair【】-【】 【】是清辅音 舌叶接近上齿龈后部与硬腭前部，双唇略突出；气流从舌身与硬腭前部之间，通过齿龈和舌尖之间流出；不振动声带，发出此音。 /: she shoe

37、short shop wash sure Asia special delicious 【】是浊辅音 舌叶接近上齿龈后部与硬腭前部，双唇略突出；气流从舌身与硬腭前部之间，通过齿龈和舌尖之间流出；振动声带，发出此音。 /: usually television pleasure garage【t】-【d】 【t】是清辅音 舌尖抵住上齿龈，然后舌尖与上齿慢慢分开，让气流从它们之间的狭缝中摩擦而出；唇形从自然开过度到的略微突出；不振动声带，发出此音。 /t/: chair much lunch China watch picture question teach rich future each r

38、each 【d】是浊辅音 舌尖抵住上齿龈，然后舌尖与上齿慢慢分开，让气流从它们之间的狭缝中摩擦而出；唇形从自然开过度到的略微突出；振动声带，发出此音。 /d/: age page huge orange bridge judge jump jacket just sandwich【ts】-【dz】 【ts】是清辅音 舌端抵住上齿龈，形成阻碍；舌端略下降，气流随即冲出口腔，摩擦成音；不振动声带，发出此音。 /ts/: shirts hurts coats costs goats Lets kites gates dates 【dz】是浊辅音 舌端抵住上齿龈，形成阻碍；舌端略下降，气流随即冲出口腔

39、，摩擦成音；振动声带，发出此音。 /dz/: beds birds hands friends decides【tr】-【dr】 【tr】是清辅音 舌尖向上卷起，抵在上齿龈后部；双唇收圆，稍向前突出，气流冲破舌尖和齿龈之间的阻碍，不振动声带，发出此音。 /tr/: tree trip try true truth train 【dr】是浊辅音 舌尖向上卷起，抵在上齿龈后部；双唇收圆，稍向前突出，气流冲破舌尖和齿龈之间的阻碍，振动声带，发出此音。 /dr/: dress drive hundred children drink dry draw dream半元音【j】-【w】 【j】：舌前部向硬

40、腭抬起，舌位高，双唇向两旁伸展成扁平状；气流从抬起的舌身与硬腭之间通过，产生摩擦；振动声带，发出此音。 /j/: yes you year yellow young onion review Europe 【w】：舌后部向软腭抬起，舌位高，双唇呈圆形并突出；气流从抬起的后舌与软腭之间的间隙通过，产生摩擦；振动声带，发出此音。 /w/: we window work walk what why where white 舌侧音【l】-【r】 【l】：舌尖抵住上齿龈，舌身前高后低，气流从舌头两边流出；振动声带，发出此音。 /l/: let look please lake people tell f

41、ull tall bell 【r】：将舌尖卷起，停在口腔中央，不要贴口腔任何部位；双唇稍微向外突出，不要太用力；气流由舌面和硬腭之间流出，振动声带，发出此音。 /r/: red right three sorry worry hurry carry carrot write wrong 喉音【h】 【h】是清辅音 双唇开，舌身平放于口腔中，并使其保持轻松状态；气流通过声门时发生轻微摩擦，然后从口腔泄出；不振动声带，发出此音。 /h/: he her have hand head hair who whom whose hard home hello Task Review and previe

42、w Read the words and sentences aloud Prepare for your e*am【m】是鼻音双唇闭拢，舌部平放，呈不说话状态；气流由鼻腔；振动声带，发出此音。/m/: man meat meet time mon climb lamb autumn 【n】是鼻音舌尖轻触上齿龈，舌叶轻碰硬腭，嘴微；气流由鼻腔流出；振动声带，发出此音。/n/: name nice nine near under know knife onion【】是鼻音舌后部紧贴软腭，嘴微；气流由鼻腔流出；振动声带，发出此音。/: sing long young morning thank t

43、hink ink pink English 复习课一、全部48个音标的读音和写法二、26个英语字母的发音三、元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u，英语中有20个元音和28个辅音四、i:：three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please he she me pieceA: Tea or coffee B: Tea for Lee and coffee for me, please.: ：girl shirt skirt thirty thir

44、teen third bird turn burn nurse Thursday learn earn earth heard term her nerd serve worm work worldThe early bird catches the worm first.a: ：grass glass class plant dance fast last half car star arm park March hard garden dark laugh aunt heartIts far to the farm from the park.: ：small wall talk tall

45、 hall ball call walk short more horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarterMy daughter is forty-four.u: :food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth do shoe two true blue fullHow do you do You looked really cool.【i】: is English pig fish fifteen si

46、* ship behind jacket basketball happy heavy busy sunny study twentywindyrainy monkey money busyHis little sister is sitting in the middle. e : egg desk leg red pet ten pen bread head breakfast again saidGood, better, best. Never let it rest.【】: dad hat cap bag cat can bad apple bag hand black has st

47、and map复习课/：son e colour money sun jump us bus supper duck country e to the front on the double. /：fo* coffee dog shop hot doctor long sorry watch what washThe little pot is so hot./：woman look good book foot classroom put could shouldLook at the cookbook. Its really good./：teacher brother dinner fa

48、ther sister ruler sugar doctor panda China open pictureThe farmers brother is a doctor./p/: pen map help cheap pencil paper apple happy/b/: bag by boy blue rabbit cabbage/t/: ten time not table little/d/: desk door day dog daddy middle/k/: cat e clock picture book bike cake kite look/g/: girl big egg great glad game again glass dog/f/: five fish fine family fifteen photo phone off coffee/v/: very five have leave voice visit themselves/s/: nice city sit si* some bus use us desk books miss class