主谓一致讲解

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1、Subject verb agreement 主主 谓谓 一一 致致主主谓谓一一致致主谓一致是指主谓一致是指谓语谓语在在人称人称和和数数上必须和上必须和主语主语的的人称人称和和数保持一致数保持一致。这是英语语。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。汉语区别很大的地方。 主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：二、意义一致二、意义一致三、就近原则三、就近原则一、语法一致一、语法一致 一、语法一致一、语法一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。主

2、语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：例如：I often help him and he often helps me.我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。We often help each other.我们经常互相帮助。我们经常互相帮助。不可数名词不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用作主语，谓语动词用单数单数；可数名词的可数名词的复数复数形式作主语，形式作主语，谓语动词用谓语动词用复数复数。二、意义一致二、意义一致主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；语动词用复数；主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语主语形式为复数，而意义为单

3、数，谓语动词用单数。如：动词用单数。如：The crowd were surrounding the government official.人群包围了这位政府官员。人群包围了这位政府官员。Maths is hard to learn.数学难学。数学难学。三、就近原则三、就近原则就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。决于最靠近它的主语。There is a pen and two pencils on the desk. 桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。 and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或连接两个或两个以上单数名词或 代词作

4、主语时，谓语动词有以下两种代词作主语时，谓语动词有以下两种 情况：情况： 1). and连接两个或两个以上连接两个或两个以上不同不同的人或的人或 物作主语时，谓语动词用物作主语时，谓语动词用复数复数。例如：。例如：He and I are both students of this school. 我和他都是这个学校的学生。我和他都是这个学校的学生。 Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不饶人。岁月不饶人。2). 如果连接两个或两个以上的并列如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构是指结构是指同一个人或物同一个人或物，或指同一概或指同一概念时念时，谓语动词用，谓语动词用单

5、数单数，这时，这时and后后面的名词前不加冠词。面的名词前不加冠词。例如：例如：A).表整体概念的并列结构：表整体概念的并列结构：bread and butter knife and forkiron and steel law and orderB).配套事物：配套事物：a watch and chain a needle and thread The knife and fork is on the desk.刀叉放在桌子上。刀叉放在桌子上。2.主语后面带有主语后面带有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, w

6、ithout, except, including, but 等引导的短语时，等引导的短语时，谓语动词必须谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人称和数与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。上保持一致。例如：例如： The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the garden. 老师和同学们正在花园里种树。老师和同学们正在花园里种树。3.如果主语是不定式，动词如果主语是不定式，动词-ing形式或主形式或主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。语从句时，谓语动词用单数。What he is doing seems very importan

7、t. 他正在做什么看起来很重要。他正在做什么看起来很重要。Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福。为人民服务是我最大的幸福。4. 用连接的并列主语被用连接的并列主语被each, every 或或no修饰时，谓语动词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。用单数。 Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。5. each of + 复数代词复数代词, 谓语动用单数。谓语动用单数。复数代词复数代词+ each, 谓语动词用单数。谓

8、语动词用单数。如：如： Each of us has something to say.我们每个人都有些话要说。我们每个人都有些话要说。6. 不定代词不定代词all, more, some, any, none等等作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不词可用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不可数名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。可数名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。vAll the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂了。vAll the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都

9、烂了。vNone of us are /is perfect. 人无完人。人无完人。vNone of the money is left. 一点钱也没剩下。一点钱也没剩下。7. 复合不定代词复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词作主语时，谓语动词 用用单数单数。 Someone is calling you. 有人叫你。有人叫你。 Nothing is found in the room. 在屋里找不到什么东西。在屋里找不到什么东西。8. 名词如名词如trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数；而形

10、复义单的名词如数；而形复义单的名词如news;以以-ics结结尾的学科名称如尾的学科名称如physics, politics, 国名如国名如the United States; 报纸名如报纸名如the New Times; 书名如书名如Great Expectations(远大远大前程前程)；以及；以及the United Nations作主语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。时，谓语动词用单数。 如：如：vThe scissors are sharp.vNo news is good news.vGreat Expectations was written by Charles Dickens in

11、 1860.9. 集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数， 也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。 强调强调整体整体时用时用单数单数，强调强调整体中的个体整体中的个体 的用的用复数复数。这类名词有这类名词有people, family, class, population, crowd, team, ground等。等。vHis family is going out. 他们全家要外出。他们全家要外出。vHis family are all music lovers. 他们全家都是音乐爱好者。他们全家都是音乐爱好者。10. 有些名词单复

12、数形式相同，作主语时，有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有means, deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish等。如：等。如：vNot every means is useful. 并非每种方法都有效。并非每种方法都有效。vNot all means are useful. 并非所有的方法都有效。并非所有的方法都有效。11. 表示表示一类人一类人的的 “the +形容词形容词(分词分词)”作主语时，谓语动词用作主语时，谓语动词用复数复数。vThe sick in the accident have

13、been taken to the hospital.vThe lost have been found.12. 表示表示时间、金钱、距离、度量时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词等名词作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动词用单数。如：词用单数。如：vThirty years is not a long time. 30年的时间并不长。年的时间并不长。vTwo hours is enough for me to finish the work. 两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。13. the rest of, half of, m

14、ajority of, part of, a lot of, lots of, one of, a number of, a plenty of, percent of 以及以及分数词分数词等作主等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数，即词的数，即就近原则就近原则。如：。如：A part of the students have arrived.部分学生已到了。部分学生已到了。A part of the apple has been eaten by the mouse.这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。14. 在表存在的在表存在

15、的there be 句式句式中，主语中，主语是两个或多个并列名词（短语），是两个或多个并列名词（短语），be的形式与的形式与最近最近的一个名词（短语）保的一个名词（短语）保持一致。持一致。 There is a pen, two pencils and several books on the desk.=There are two pencils, a pen and several books on the desk.=There are several books, a pen and two pencils on the desk.15. 由由here, there等引导的倒装句中，等

16、引导的倒装句中，若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最近最近的主语保持一致。如：的主语保持一致。如：vHere comes the bus.vHere is a pen and two books for you.16. 用连词用连词 or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等连接并列主语时，等连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。如：谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。如：vNeither you nor I am wrong. Neither I nor you are wrong.vNot only the stude

17、nts but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music. Not only the teacher but also the students enjoy listening to the music. Multiple choice:1. On the wall_ two large portraits.A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging2. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander sa

18、id.A. keep B. kept C. keeps D. have kept3. There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A. are B. is C. were D. has 4. Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was5. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known6. All but one _ here just now.

19、A. is B. was C. has been D. were7. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided8. A library with five thousand books_ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered1. The country life

20、he was used to _ greatly since 1992. A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed2. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. Ais working Bworks Cwork Dworked3. A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. A. is B. are C. was D. were4. A survey of the opinions of experts _that three hours of outdoor exercise a week _ good for ones health. A. show; are B. shows; is C. show; is D. shows; are