北极光的知识

《北极光的知识》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《北极光的知识（19页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、LightsThe Norther n Lights, also known as“ Aurora Borealis（ 北极光）” or the “ Dawn of the North ” , never fail to take your breath away. The aurora borealis is one of the most sublime（ 超 群的）and magn ifice nt n atural phe nomena on Earth. Before scientistscracked（侦破）the mystery of the auroras, men wered

2、raw n（吸引）and fasci nated（ 强烈地吸引住）by these dan ci ng and magical lights that were ofte n found in mythology（神话）andlege nds. In Roma nMythology, it is said that the Aurora is the deity（ 神）of the dawn. In North America, the Inuits （ 爱斯基摩人）have many lege nds that expla in them as spirits of the dead. Th

3、ey believed that the lights are the esse nces（精华）of deer,salm on（鮭鱼）,seals and other ani mals that they hun ted.Aristotle （亚里斯多德）thought it was glowing air gushing（喷出）from cracks in the sky. The appeara nee of the red aurora in medieval（ 中世纪的）times was feared as a bad omen （前兆）or a sig n of Gods an

4、ger. They believed the mani festatio n （显现）of the aurora in dicated fami ne or war. Charles Hall （ 查尔斯霍尔）,a 19th-century polar explorer, exclaimed: Who but God can conceive（ 想出）such infinite（ 无穷的）scenes ofglory? Oddly en ough, the Maor 毛利人）thought that thedisplays were just reflections of a campfire

5、（营火）or torches.Regardless whether you believe the scie ntific facts or thelege nds behi nd its existe nee, you ll still be captivated （吸住） by these super natural display of lights, and there are coun tless desti nati ons where you can see the majestic phe nomenon. Finland（芬兰），for example, should be

6、a represe ntative.Many visitorsto Fin la nd comewith hopes of see ing the Fi nla nd Norther n Lights. The best place to see the Northern Lights in Finland is in the northern Lapland region（拉普兰地区）,which is almost entirelylocated within the realm（ 区域）of the Arctic Circle （北极圈）.During the dark win ter

7、mon ths here, whe n the sun rarely peaks（使 达到最高峰）its head over the horizon, you can expect to see the Fin la nd Norther n Lights with regularity, and other peak（峰值）seas ons in clude February through March and September through October. The time between 6 . and 1 a.m. is the most intense period of th

8、e day. The highest probability within this timespa n（时间间隔）to see the Finland Northern Lights is between 9 . and 11:30 ., though they are certainly not restricted to this time frame. If you have n ever see n the Norther n Lights wherever they com monly occur in the world, then you will be amazed the

9、first time when you lay eyes on them.The Northern Lights are similar to a sunset in the sky at night, but appear occasionally in arcs（弧光） or spirals （螺旋形物）usually following the earths magnetic （磁性的） field. They are most often light green in color but often have a hint of pink. Swirling（ 涡旋形的 ） shade

10、s of blue, green, and pink are most common when it comes to the Finland Northern Lights. Strong eruptions also have violet（紫罗兰色的 ） and white colours. Rednorthern lights are rare, but can sometimes be observed on lower latitudes（ 纬度 ）.The Finland Aurora Borealis, while best seen in Lapland, canalso b

11、e witnessed as far south as the capital city of Helsinki（ 赫 尔辛基 ） from time to time, though on average, there are only some twenty days out of the year when viewing them is possible in most southern parts of the country. Part of the reason why it can be difficult to see the Northern Lights of Finlan

12、d in Helsinki is because of the fact that it is hard to escape to dimly lit areas. The relative lack of city lights is just one of the reasons why the Lapland region sees some 200 nightly occurrences every year, and one must also consider the regions northern location. The半球）.lower reaches（ 区域 ） of

13、the Arctic Circle are ideal for viewing the Northern Lights across the planet, which is why Canada andAlaska are good destinations in the Western Hemisphere（For those who are wondering what causes the Northern Lights in Finland, solar flares（ 耀斑）are largely resp on sible. These flares effectively ca

14、use solar wi nds and solar storms, which create lingering（游移的）atmospheric particles or matter. TheAurora Borealis is just caused by these charged（带电的）particles（ 粒子）ejected（ 喷出）from the sun. Whenthese particles reach the earth, they collide（ 碰撞）with gas atoms in the earths atmosphere causing them to

15、energise（? 释放出能量）which results in a spectacular multi-coloured light show. As such（因此匕）,scie ntists can often accurately predict whe n the best times are for view ing the Norther n Lights in Finland by keep ingan eye outfor（ 留心）solar flares. （ 757 words）New Wordsaurora ?:r?:r? n.曙光C;极光C;【罗神】（大写）奥罗拉（

16、即曙光女神）sublime s?bla?m a.雄伟的；卓越的；壮丽的；超群的crack kr?k v. 敲破；破（案）;破解 draw v. 吸引（注意等） fasc in ate v.强烈地吸引住mythology mi 0 ?l?d?i n.神话鲑，大麻哈鱼salmon s?m?n n.gush g? v. 涌出，喷出medieval medii:v?l a. 中世纪的，中古(时代)的 ; 原始的 omen ?um?n n. 前兆，预兆，兆头想像；想出 无穷的，广大无边的营火, 篝火 吸住；迷惑住manifestation ,m?nifestei?n n. 显现conceive k?ns

17、i:v v. infinite infinit a. campfire k?mp,fai? n. captivate k?ptiveit v.realm relm n. 区域，范围peak vt. 使达到最高峰 n. 最大量；巅值，峰值 timespan n. 时间间隔arc a :k n.弧；弧光spiral spair?l n.螺旋形物magnetic m?gnetik a.磁（ 性） 的swirling sw?:l v. (使） 打旋; 盘绕violet vai?lit a.紫罗兰色的latitude l?titju:d n.纬度reach n. 区域，领域，范围 hemisphere

18、hemisfi? n. 半球lin geri ng li?g?ri? a.逗留不去的；游移的charge v.充（电）particle p a :tikl n. 颗粒，微粒；粒子eject id?ekt v.喷出collide k?laid v.（车等）碰撞（with）；（意志等）冲突，抵触（with）energise en?d?aiz二energize（美）vt.?供给.能量，使精力充沛vi.?释放出能量Useful Expressi onstake one s breath away 屏息凝神with regularity 经常地be restricted to 局限于lay eyes o

19、n看至U, 看见a hint of一丁点儿collide with （ 车等）碰撞；（意志等）冲突，抵触as such 这样；因此keep an eye out for 留心Proper NamesAurora Borealis北极光the In uit因纽特人；爱斯基摩人Aristotle亚里斯多德Charles Hall 查尔斯霍尔Maori毛利人；毛利语Finland 芬兰Lapla nd region拉普兰地区Arctic Circle 北极圈（北纬66度33分以北区域）Helsi nki 赫尔 辛基 （芬兰首都）NotesBorealis:北极光-北端的光”由太阳风和地球磁场及上层大

20、气交互作用产生。与南极光（auroraaustralis） 一起，统称为极光。aurora borealis这个词是由一个法国的科学家Pierre Gassendi 命名的。2. Aurora:古希腊曙光女神古希腊女神奥罗拉（也叫厄俄斯）是曙光女神，她在将光明带往人间的时候，爱上了忧郁的特洛伊王子梯托诺斯，并将王子带 回了奥林匹斯山。月亮女神阿尔忒弥斯帮助她将王子藏了起来， 并告诉他去宙斯的神殿祈求王子得到长寿。奥罗拉向宙斯祈求了 王子的长寿，却忘记了祈求他的永葆青春。于是王子迅速地老去，并被奥罗拉嫌弃，扔回了人间。但是奥罗拉为他生下了孩子，想 把孩子留在奥林匹斯，可是宙斯不同意。趁奥罗拉不在

21、，宙斯把 孩子带回了人间，奥罗拉悲痛欲绝，却毫无办法。因为女神的悲 伤，世界失去了光明。最后奥罗拉被宙斯劝说，继续为人间带来 光明。3. Borealis:是指北部地区Borealis 与 Australis 相对，Australis是指南部地区。起源：这个词是由希腊语Boreas而来,就是北风的意思。在希腊 语中，各个方向的的风都有属于自己的名字： Notus南风；Zephyrus 西风；Euro东风。4. Fi nla nd :芬兰芬兰位于欧洲北部，与瑞典、挪威、俄罗斯接壤，有“千湖之国” 之称。芬兰最早的居民为拉普人，故芬兰又称拉普兰。5. Lapla nd region : 拉普兰拉普

22、兰是芬兰最大、同时也是最北端的省份。拉普兰的旅游景点非常 有特色，且野生动物资源丰富，因此吸引了全球各地的人们前来观光。拉普兰有着芬兰最富有盛名的国家公园， 如圣诞村。此外，它还是观 测北极光的最佳地点之一。到此一游堪称是旅游的最高境界， 终极追 求。6. Helsi nki:（芬兰首都）赫尔辛基赫尔辛基不仅是芬兰首都，同时也是这个国家的最大城市。Secti on B Aurora BorealisThe aurora is a widespread curtain-likecoloured glow in theupper atmosphere .In the Arctic circle,

23、the aurora appears as a ring-shaped glow, like a halo （晕圈）,over the northern point of Scandinavia, the Siberian coast, Alaska, northern Canada, and the souther n tip of Greenland.This glow is caused by high-energy electrons colliding with oxygen atoms and nitrogen （氮）molecules. The basic process is

24、the same as that of a neon sign （广告霓虹灯）,which invoIvesa vacuum （真空）and a high voltage （ 电压）electrical discharge （放电）.The electric power is gen erated by a comb in ati on of the solar wind, a hot ionized（ 电离）gas blowing out from the sun, and the Earths magnetic field.Scientifically,the Aurora occurs

25、when the Earth s magnetic field collides with the solar wind coming from the Sun, causing a transfer of energy that creates the northern hemisphere to glow, specifically around the Poles. This produces more than 1,000 times the electrical power of the worlds largest power plant.The eruptions are loo

26、sely tied to the solar activity cycle, which lasts about 11 years. The largest terrestrial（ 地球上 的） effects tend to happen when activity is at its maximumand in the years following maximums. However, large disturbances can happen at any part of the cycle.In addition, the occurrence of auroras still d

27、epends on the latitude of the observer. The Aurora Lights form an oval band around the magnetic poles of the earth. At a distance about 2500 km from these poles, the probability for seeing auroras is almost 100 %.The Northern Lights have several colourful variations （变差 ）. The combination of yellows

28、, pinks andgreens are createdby oxygen molecules that are found 60 miles above the earth s atmosphere, whilst the blue and the combination of blue and purple is produced by nitrogen, and the rarest of all auroras, the red, is a product of high-altitude oxygen found 200 miles above Earth s atmosphere

29、.One of the most wondrous （ 奇妙的）features of the aurora is its spectacular movement, as it swirls （弯曲盘旋）rapidly over the whole sky. This phenomenon is called the auroral substorm （磁层亚暴）.The movement is caused by changes in both the electric and magnetic fields in the space around the earth. Changes i

30、n the fields are caused by solar eruptions called solar flares. We are still far from un dersta nding the cha in of processes that lead to the auroral substorm.The prediction of the occurrenee of auroras is difficult but we do have somesuccess. There are two kinds of Northern Lights prediction: stat

31、istical and real-time ones. The former is based on a large amount of observati ons of Norther n Lights at differe nt latitudes duri ng several years. From these statistics we can say what is the probability of the occurrenee of Northern Lights during the course of year.Accord ing to the statistics c

32、ompiled（搜集）by the Fi nn ishMeteorological （气象的）Institute, four nights out of five are illuminated （ 照亮）by Northern Lights in Northern Lapland, provid ing that the sky is free eno ugh from clouds. On the coast of the Arctic Ocean in North Norway one can see Northern Lights almost every ni ght. Eve n

33、in South Fin la nd, say Helsi nki, one can see them but much more seldom; in Helsinki only one night out of 20.The latter predictionis based on a space-weather monitoringsystem either by groun d-based devices or satellites watchi ng the space-weather con diti ons around the earth. Whe n the mon itor

34、i ng devices, such as magn etometers （地磁仪）or particle detectors（检波器）in a satellite, show certain deviations （偏 差）from the no rmal situatio n, one can expect that a space weather storm is approachi ng in a few hours.The skill of real-time prediction is, unfortunately,ratherlow; we cannot make predict

35、i ons for several days like forecasti ng no rmal weather. The reas on for this shortco ming is that we do not fully understandthe complicated processes,startingfrom the sun and ending in the near-space of the earth.Therefore, more space-research is needed for better forecasts. （662 words）New Wordsha

36、lo heil?u n.（ 日月等的）晕，晕圈 nitroge n n aitr?d? n n.氮neon sig n n i:, ?n sain n.广告霓虹灯vacuum v?kju?m n.真空voltage v?ultid? n.电压discharge dist?a :d? v. 放电ionize ai ?n aiz v.使离子化电离terrestrial tirestri?l a.地球（上）的variation ,v?riei? n n.【天文学】变差won drous w ?n dr?s a.令人惊奇的，奇异的，奇妙的swirl sw?:l v.打转；弯曲盘旋substorm s?

37、bst?:mn.【物理学】磁层亚暴地球磁层中的一种扰乱compile k?mpail v.汇集，编辑；搜集（资料）meteorological ,mi:ti?r?l?d?ikl a.气象的，气象学（上）的illuminate ilju:mineit v.照亮，照明magn etometer ,m?g ni t?mit? n.地磁仪detector ditekt? n.检波器，指示器deviati on ,di:viei? ?n n.偏向，偏差Proper NamesScandin avia 1.斯堪的那维亚半岛2.北欧Siberian西伯利亚的；来自西伯利亚的Alaska美国阿拉斯加州Canada 加拿大Greenland 格陵兰岛 （北美东北的一大岛名 ,属丹麦 ）Norway 挪威