名词性从句讲解及解题技巧分析

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1、-名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题2. 考查引导词that与what的区别3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4. 考查whether与if的区别5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题（一）语法要点剖析一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句

2、、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why1. 主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无

3、词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语

4、从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is sugge

5、sted (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that2. 宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1）. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never thi

6、nk (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops

7、 (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。2）. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs he

8、lp a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3）. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 Everything depen

9、ds on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。4）. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：he studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）he studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）I know (that) he will study English ne*t year. （从句用一般将来时）he has studied English since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）当主句动词是过去时态（could,

10、would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America5）. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。3. 表语从句

11、在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：The reas

12、on why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning 4. 同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is e*citing

13、.我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能省略

14、）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）( 二 ) 名词性从句的连词引导名词性从句的连接词；引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词： that, whether ,if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, whyI.名词性that-从句1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起

15、连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如：主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently

16、disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。例如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。 Its a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。用it作形式

17、主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary thatIt is important thatIt is obvious thatb. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed thatIt is known to all thatIt has been decided that c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge thatIt is a surprise thatIt is a fact that d. It +不及物

18、动词+ that-分句It appears thatIt happens thatIt occurred to me thatII. if, whether引导的名词从句从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如：主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article befor

19、e Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。形容词宾语： Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through t

20、he crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。III. 名词性wh-从句由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括what, who, whom,. whose, whoever, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。1. what用法）what是连词，what 在从句中充当主语，如：what is needed，从句可充当：主语What is needed is time. 需要的东西就是时间。表语This is what is needed.这就是需要的东

21、西宾语I dont know what is needed我不知道需要什么。） what是连词，what 在从句中充当宾语，如：what he did，从句可充当：主语What he did surprised all of us. 他做的事情使所有的人都惊奇。表语This is what he did.这就是他做的事情。宾语I dont know what he did.我不知道他做的事情。）what 是连词，what在从句中充当表语，如：what water is，从句可充当：主语What water is is known to us all.水是什么是大家都知道的。表语What the

22、 little boy want to know is what water is. 小男孩想知道的是水是什么。宾语Everybody knows what water is.人人都知道水是什么。2. who用法）who是连词，在从句中充当主语，如：who broke the window ，从句可充当：主语Who broke the window is not known yet. 谁打碎了窗户该不知道呢。表语The problem is who broke the window. 问题是谁打碎了窗户。宾语I dont know who broke the window. 我不知道谁打碎了窗

23、户。）who是连词，在从句中充当表语，如who he is，从句可充当：主语Who he is is being looked into. 他是谁正在被调查着。表语 The problem is who he is. 问题是他是谁。宾语I dont know who he is. 我不知道他是谁。）who (whom) 是连词，在从句中充当宾语，如：who (whom) I know 从句可充当：主语Who I know has nothing to do with you.我认识谁与你无关。表语 What she wants to know is who(m) I know. 他想知道我认识

24、谁。宾语She doesnt want to know who(m) I know. 她不想知道我认识谁。3. whose用法whose是连词，在从句中充当定语，如whose pronunciation is the best，从句可充当：主语Whose pronunciation is the best is a open. Secret.谁的语音最好是个公开的秘密。表语The problem is whose pronunciation is the best.问题是谁的语音最好。宾语I dont know whose pronunciation is the best. 我不知道谁的语音

25、最好。4. where用法 where是连词，where在从句中充当地点状语，如where he worked从句可充当：主语Where he worked is not far from here. 他曾经工作的地方离这儿不远。表语This is where he worked. 这就是他曾经工作的地方。宾语I know where he worked. 我知道他曾经在哪儿工作。5. when用法when是连词，when在从句中充当时间状语，如when he came here 从句可充当：主语When he came is not known to us all. 他什么时间来的我们都不知

26、道。表语The problem is when he came here. 问题是他什么时间来的。宾语I know when he came here. 我知道他他什么时间来的。名词性从句1. It depends on _ we have enough money.A. if B. whether C. if or not D. what答：B。在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、让步状语从句、不定式前或介词后一般用whether，不用if。2. We discussed _we should make him monitor.A. if B. whether C. that D. what答

27、：B。在discuss动词后一般用whether，不用it。3. Seeing me so pale, he asked me _.A. what was the matter B. what the matter wasC. what the matter is D. what is the matter答：A。由asked判断从句应用过去式，whst做句中的主语，词序不变。4. The reason _he was late was _ he had taken a wrong bus.A. that, why B. why, thatC. why, because D. why, bec

28、ause of答：B。当reason做主语时，表浯从句用that引导，不用why或because。5. Can you tell me_ the railway stationA. how I can get to B. how can I get toC. where I can get to D. where can I get to答：A。宾语从句应用陈述语序。根据the railway station这一信息排除C项。6. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A. What B. That C. The face

29、D. The matter答：A。what意为所的”。7. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it.A. there B. where C. there where D. where there答：B。there为副词，不能做先行词，故不能看作定语从句，此题where引导的是表浯从句。8. No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look likeC. man will look like what D. what look w

30、ill man like答：A。宾语从句应用陈述语序。9. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where答：B。引导主语从句应用whether，不能用正在下列情况下只能用whcther不能用if如：Whether hell come or not doesnt matter much. 主语从句The problem is whether you have time. 表语从句 I have no idea whether well go to the Great Wall

31、. 同位语从句 Whether you agree or not, well go there. 让步状语从句 I dont know whether to go or not. 不定式前 Im not quite sure about whether he can help us. 介词后 We are now discussing whether well put off the meeting, discuss之后10. _the boy didnt study hard made his mother angry.A. Which B. What C. That D. It答：C。th

32、at引导的名词性从句，that只是一个引导词，本身没有实际意义，也不充当任何句子成分，在主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句中that都不能省。但在宾语从句中that可以省略。11. The truth is_he doesnt work hard enough.A. why B. what C. that D. which答：C。that引导的是表语从句，指明确具体的一件事。12. These wild flowers are very rare. 1 will do _ I can to save them.A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever答：A

33、。whatever表示所的一切，凡是”。13. I remember _ this used to be a quiet village.A. when B. how C. where D. what答：A。when从句在此题中为宾语从句。14. We were all very much worried over the fact _ you were ill.A. that B. what C. which D. about which答：A。that引导的是同位语从句。15. China isnt_she used to be.A. what B. that C. which D. /答

34、：A。what从句在此题中为表语从句。16. _ there is life on the moon is impossible.A. Whether B. If C. That D. What答：C。根据impossible这一信息词可排除A项。17. There is no doubt_ hell succeed in the future.A. what B. that C. whether D. if答：B。一般情况下表示怀疑的、不确信的事常用whether，表示不怀疑、确信的事常用that。如： doubt dont knowI wonder whether . am not sur

35、e question am sureI dont doubt that . dont question18. It is generally considered unwise to give child_he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever答：B。whatever 凡是，所的一切19. Its uncertain_.A. why did he do it B. why does he do itC. when did he do it D. whether he did it or not答：D。unc

36、ertam不确信20. It is true_ he said surprised us all.A. what B. that C. that what D. what that答：C。it为形式主语，真实主语为that从句，whath he said为从句中的主语。21. _can be done has been done.A. Which B. When C. What D. That答：C。本句童为能做的事都做了”。22. Ill do_ I can to help you.A. what B. that C. which D. all what答：A。car后省去了do，意为我将傲

37、我所能做的事去帮助你们”。what=all that23. One of the two men held the view_ the book said was right.A. that what B. what that C. that D. whether答：A。that为引导词，引导同位语从句，做view的同位语。24. _ you do should be good for the people.A. No matter what B. WhateverC. No matter how D. However答：B。whatever在意思上相当于no matter what,但含有n

38、o matter的从句一般不做主语或宾语。25. _ leaves last ought to turn off the lights.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person答：C。whoever=anyone who26. It worried her a bit_ her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for答：B。It为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正主语。27. When do you think _A. will he come B. he will comeC. is h

39、e coming D. did he come答：B。do you think为插入语，含有插入语的特殊疑问句用陈述语序。28. Can you make sure_ the gold ringA. where Alice had put B. where had Alice putC. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put答：C。宾语从句应用陈述语序，应用现在完成耐。29. A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.A. how B. after C. what D. when答

40、：C。本句童为电脑只能做你要求它傲的事。”30. I think its going to be a big problem. _Yes, it could be. I wonder_ we can do about it.A. if B. how C. what D. that答：C。第三句童为我不知道对此我们能做些什么。”31. I wonder_ I can do more for our country.A. what B. how C. whatever D. however答：B。more做do的宾语。意为我不知道如何能为国家多做些贡献。”32. There is a feelin

41、g in me _ well never know what a UFO is.A. that B. which C. of which D. what答：A。that在主句中做feeling的同位语。33. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days offA. why B. when C. what D. where答：A。第二句意为那就是你休几天假的原因吗”why引导的是表语从句。34. _ you dont like him is none of my business.A. Wh

42、at B. Who C. That D. Whether答：C。that引导的从句表示明确的一件事。意为你不喜欢他不关我的事。”35. You cant imagine_ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were e*cited B. how e*cited they wereC. how e*cited were they D. they were how e*cited答：B。应用陈述语序。36. Ill make friends with_ shares my interests.A. whomev

43、er B. whoever C. whatever D. whichever答：B。whoever为宾语从句的主语，故应是主格形式。37. _ will go there has not been decided yet. A. Who B. That C. What D. Those答：A。本句意为谁将去那还没有决定下来。”38. When and where well hold the meeting _.A. has not decided yet B. have not decided yetC. has not been decided yet D. have not been de

44、cided yet答：C。指开会这一件事，谓语用单数，应用被动语态。39. What he does and what he says _ different.A. is B. are C. be D. to be答：B。说和做是两回事。40. What we need _two English teachers.A. is B. are C. be D. to be答：B。一般情况下从句做主语时，谓语用单数，但当what从句做主语时，谓语根据其含义而定。高中名词从句练习题1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A.

45、Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _ A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was f

46、ounded A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit ne*t week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working. A.

47、 where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you ta

48、lked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13.It there

49、 anyone in your class _family is in the country A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C

50、. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20

51、.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.

52、Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. i

53、n which D. what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B.

54、whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reas

55、on _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final e*am. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A.

56、 all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.Thi

57、s is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however,

58、popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 参考答案及解析1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2C. 和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6C. 解析同第5题。7. A. 解析见第3

59、题。8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。9. A. 谈到*事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10. A. with which是介词+关系代词结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有用的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen. 11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语. 12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer. 13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语. 14. A.