定语从句及相关术语

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1、定语从句1 .定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从何,其作用是作定语 修饰主句的某个名词性成分，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2 .关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有 that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等;关系副词有 where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语 从句中担当一个成分。关系代词引导的定语从句l.who指人在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.在

2、踢足球的男孩们是一班的.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常省略。(注： who和whom已无 太大区别，基本可以通用。唯一区别是 who可以做主语而whom不可以。)(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked with on the bus.刘先生就是在公交车上和你聊天的那个人.如果是在从句中作主语就只能用 who.比如：He is the man who has an English book.他就是那个有英语书的男人.3. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。(1) He has a friend whose father

3、 is a doctor.4.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.5. that指人时，相当于 who或者whom ;指物时，相当于 which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1) I like the music that/which I can dance to.(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?关系副词引导的定语从句1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时

4、间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语1) ) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由介词+关系代词”引导的从句替代编辑本段介词和关系代词1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。2) that前不能有介词。3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词

5、+关系词”结构可以同关 系副词 when ,where 和 why 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用， 如： look for, look after, take care of等Thi

6、s is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T =正确)This is the watch for which I am looking. (F =错误)2. 若介词放在关系代词前， 关系代词指人时用 whom ， 不可用 who 或者 that ； 指物时用which ,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用 whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)(2) The plane in whi

7、ch we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)关系代词which 指物，在从句中作主语，谓语或宾语；who 在从句中作主语；whom 在从句中宾语；where 在从句中修饰表地点的名词，做地点状语；when 在从句中通常修饰表时间的名词，做时间状语；why 在从句中做原因状语，先行词通常是reason判断介词和关系代词方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语， 就必须要求用关系副词或者

8、是介词加关系代词； 而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you.This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，例 1.

9、Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例 2. Is this the museum the exhibition was held?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 答案：例 1 D ，例 2 A关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose) ；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语， when 时间

10、状语， why 原因状语 ) 。关系代词 that 的用法(1)不用 that 的情况(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。(专背)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(b) 介词后不能用。We depend on the land from which we get our food.We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2) 只能用 that 作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1 、当先行词是anything, everything, not

11、hing (something 除外 ), few, all,none, little, some 等代词时，或者是由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much ， each 等修饰时(1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is

12、 little (that) I can do for you.注意1：部分时候that 可以省略，如部分例句将that 用括号括住。注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用whoEg: Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won t do such a thing.2、当先行词被序数词修饰The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时This is the best film that I have seen.4、当形容词被the very, the

13、only ， the same,the last 修饰时(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用 who(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting5、当先行词前面有who, which 等疑问代词时(1) Who is the man tha

14、t is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?(7) 当关系代词在定语从句中做表语The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago.定语从句练习单选( )I.There are many works of art in the museumwe will visit

15、tomorrow.A.where B.who C.which D.what( )2.The camelI rode had a bad temper,and I got very tired.A.that B.whose C.who D.where( )3.Last summer I went to Lu Xuns hometown and visited the househe was born.A.that B.there C.which D.where( )4.This isI wanted.A.the one what B.which C.one which D.the one( )5

16、.I prefer not to eat too much foodis fried like French fries.A.that B.what C.itD.不填()6. Charlie told his mother all had happened.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. who()7. Do you know the student?A. whom I often talkB. with who I often talkC. I often talk withD. that I often talk()8. I like the house windows

17、face south.A. whose B. who sC. itsD. its()9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary?A. what I need B.I needC. which I need it D. that I needit()10. The young woman I spoke just now is a young doctor.A. whoB. to whomC. whomD. that()11. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady comes from Beijing

18、.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. whose()12. What s the name of the program.A. which are listeningB. you are listening toC. to that you are listeningD. that you are listening()13. The students were all interested you told them yesterday.A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in that()14. He was the only

19、person in his office was invited.A. whom B. whoseC. thatD. which()15. This is the museum we visited last year.A. where B. in which C. whichD. in that二、用关系代词填空： that、which 、who、 whom 、whose1. This is the man wants to see you.2. The student answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man you went to see

20、 has come.4. The person you should write to is Mr. Ball.5. The man was passing by saw what happened.6. The storybook I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.7. The book is on the table is mine.8. I will never forget the people and the places I have ever visited.9. Is there anyone family is in Be

21、ijing?10. Show me the boy mother is a well-known singer.三，请分析一下定语从句： （ 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词 ）1. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar.2. You couldn t understand people who talked fast.3. I have some ideas that may help.4. They said something you didn t like.5. Can you think of any

22、problems you have had recently?6. He would always take pride in everything good I do.7. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.8. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?9. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.10. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries.定语单选答案 1-5:CADDA; 6-10:ACABB; 11-15:ABACC