专业英语八级试卷858

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1、专业英语八级 - 试卷 858( 总分： 142.00 ，做题时间： 90 分钟 )一、LISTENING COMPREHENSIO总题数：6,分数：50.00)1. PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION解析：2. SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-fillingta

2、sk on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.解析：How to Write a Book ReviewI. The d

3、efinition of a book reviewA. a descriptive and critical or evaluative account of a bookB. a summary of content and a(n)【 T1】 1 【 T1】 2II. Two approachesto book reviewingA. the descriptive review giving the essential【 T2】 3about a book 【 T2】 4B.the critical review describing and evaluating the bookII

4、I. Basic requirements and minimum essentialsA. Knowledge of the book【T3】 5【T3】 6B. Mastery of the genre in the workC. Description, not a summary of the bookD. Something about, not a biography of, the authorE.【 T4】 7appraisal【T4】 8IV. Five preliminary mechanical stepsA. Reading the book【 T5】 9【T5】 10

5、B. Noting effective passages for【T6】 11 【T6】 12C. Noting your impressions as you readD.【T7】 13what you haveread【 T7】14E. Aiming at achieving a single impressionV. Starting the outlineA. Getting an over-all grasp of the organizationB. Determining the central point to be madeC. Eliminating【 T8】 15orir

6、relevancies 【 T8】 16D. Filling in gaps or omissionsVI. Making the draftA. The opening paragraph in a position of emphasis, and setting the 【T9】 17of the paper 【T9】 18B. The main bodybeing【T10】 19organized by the outline 【 T10】 20logicaldevelopment of the central pointC.The concluding paragraph summi

7、ng up or【 T11】21【T11】22 making the【 T12】23【T12】24introducing no new ideas VII. 【 T13】 25the draft 【T13】 26A. Correcting all mistakes in 【T14】 27 【T14】 28B. Looking for unity, organization and logical developmentC. Verifying quotations for accuracy and 【T15】 29 【 T15】 30How to Write a Book ReviewI. T

8、he definition of a book reviewA. a descriptive and critical or evaluative account of a bookB. a summary of content and a(n) 【T1】 31【T1】 32II. Two approaches to book reviewingA. the descriptive review giving the essential【 T2】 33about a book 【 T2】 34B.the critical review describing and evaluating the

9、 bookIII. Basic requirements and minimum essentialsA. Knowledge of the book【 T3】35【 T3】36B. Mastery of the genre in the workC. Description, not a summary of the bookD. Something about, not a biography of, the authorE. 【 T4】 37appraisal 【 T4】38IV. Five preliminary mechanical stepsA. Reading the book【

10、 T5】39【 T5】40B. Noting effective passages for【T6】 41 【T6】 42C. Noting your impressions as you readD.【T7】 43what you haveread【 T7】44E. Aiming at achieving a single impressionV. Starting the outlineA. Getting an over-all grasp of the organizationB. Determining the central point to be madeC. Eliminatin

11、g【 T8】 45orirrelevancies 【 T8】 46D. Filling in gaps or omissionsVI. Making the draftA. The opening paragraph in a position of emphasis, and setting the 【T9】 47of the paper 【T9】 48B. The main bodybeing【T10】 49organized by the outline 【 T10】 50logicaldevelopment of the central pointC.The concluding pa

12、ragraph summing up or【 T11】51【T11】52 making the【 T12】53【T12】54introducing no new ideas VII. 【 T13】 55the draft 【T13】 56A. Correcting all mistakes in 【T14】 57 【T14】 58B. Looking for unity, organization and logical developmentC. Verifying quotations for accuracy and 【T15】 59 【 T15】 60 (分数： 30.00 )（I）.

13、【T1（分数：2.00 ）填空项 1: （正确答案：正确答案： analysis of structure ）解析：解析：讲座一开始对书评 （book review） 作了定义，指出它与 book report 相似，也是提供内容的总 结（summary of content）和结构的分析（analysis of structure），前者已出现在提纲中，故答案填上后者analysis of structure 。.【T2（分数：2.00）填空项 1: （正确答案：正确答案： information/ideas ）解析：解析：讲座主题为如何写书评，书评分两种： descriptive revi

14、ew “描述性书评”和 critical review “批评性书评，其中讲到描述性书评时提到“把某本书的必要信息总结出来”（gives theessential information about a book），由此可知答案为 information 或近义词 ideas 。.【T3】（分数：2.00）填空项 1: （正确答案：正确答案： being reviewed ）解析：解析：紧接着演讲人提到了 critical review 的写作要点，录音中提到首先要了解 the work being reviewed ，结合提纲的已知内容，可知此题答案为 being reviewed 。.【T

15、4（分数：2.00）填空项 1: （正确答案：正确答案： A preferably indirect ）解析：解析：在介绍了 critical review 的写作要点之后，演讲人说到了 minimum essentials of a book review 书评的要点或基本点，其中提至U了an appraisal , preferably indirect ，based on the aimsand purposes of the author ，结合本题可知答案为 A preferably indirect 。（5）.【T5（分数：2.00 ）填空项 1: （正确答案：正确答案： with

16、 care/carefully ）解析：解析：接着演讲人讲到了五项基本步骤，其中第一个步骤为仔细阅读评论之书，结合题目可知本题 答案为 with care 或副词 carefully 。（6）.【T6（分数：2.00 ）填空项 1: （正确答案：正确答案： quoting ）解析：解析：讲座中提到第二个步骤为注意一些可供摘录选段 （note effective passages for quoting），故答案选填 quoting 。（7）.【T7（分数：2.00 ）填空项 1: （正确答案：正确答案： Assimilating/Digesting ）解析：解析：五项基本步骤中第四项即为吸收或

17、消化所读内容，结合题目可知空白处应填入Assimilating或其近义词 Digesting 。（8）.【T8（分数：2.00 ）填空项 1: （正确答案：正确答案： inessentials/the trivial）解析：解析：讲座在结束五项基本步骤之后即开始着手列提纲，共讲到四点，其中第三点讲到去除一些非 必要或不相关的内容 （to eliminate inessentials or irrelevancies） 结合题目可知答案为 inessentials 或其近义词 the trivial 。（9）.【T9（分数：2.00 ）填空项 1: （正确答案：正确答案： tone ）解析：解析

18、：作者认为开头段落应起强调作用，并定下全文基调，结合题目可知答案为tone 。（10）.【T10（分数：2.00 ）填空项 1: （正确答案：正确答案： logically ）解析：解析：从内容上说本题与上一题属于平行并列关系，都是 draft 的内容，录音中提到主体部分的论 述 should logically develop your thesis，由此可知答案为 logically 。（II）.【T11（分数：2.00 ）填空项 1: （正确答案：正确答案： restating your thesis ）解析：解析：从内容上说本题与上面两题属于平行并列关系，这里是concluding p

19、art 部分，录音中提到结束语部分应“总结和重申主题” （may sum up or restate your thesis） ，由此可知答案为 restating your thesis 。（12）.【T12（分数：2.00 ）填空项 1:（正确答案：正确答案： final judgment ）解析：解析：讲座提到，结论部分除了总结和重申主题外，还要对全书作出一个最终的评价(may make thefinal judgment），故本题答案填final judgment 。（13）.【T13】（分数：2.00 ）填空项 1:（正确答案：正确答案：Revising ）解析：解析：最后总结演讲内

20、容，book review 最后一点为 that is revising your draft，由此可知答案应为 Revising 。（14）.【T14】（分数：2.00 ）填空项 1:（正确答案：正确答案：grammar and punctuation ）解析：解析：讲座最后提到了修改稿子的建议。其中第一条就提到要改正所有语法和标点符号方面的错误 (correct all mistakes in grammar and punctuation) ，故答案填 grammar and punctuation 。(15).【T15】(分数：2.00 )填空项 1: (正确答案：正确答案： chec

21、king the reference )解析：解析：讲座最后提到的建议是，确认引用内容的准确性和“检查附注的格式和内容” (check the format and content of references) ，录音提到的内容较长，答案简化为 checking the reference 即可， 注意空格要与前面的 Verifying 并列，故用 doing 形式。3. SECTION BINTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At

22、the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A , B , C and D , and mark the best answer to each questi

23、on on ANSWERSHEETTWO.Youhave THIRTYseconds to preview the questions.解析：（分数： 10.00 ）A. There are less college graduates this year.B. The government is funding unemployment scheme.C. Employers are inclined to hire more graduates.VD. Finance experts give some advice to graduates. 解析：解析：对话一开头就提到，由于经济强势，

24、对毕业生来说是好消息。之后提到，雇主今年计划招收的毕业生人数比去年上升14% （hire about 14% more grads this year than last），因此 C项正确。A、B两项均是无中生有。D项稍有干扰，录音开头出现has some advice to help new grads，但只是说在对话中， Ellen 这个专家会给毕业生建议。A. Good economic environment. VB. Good majors in colleges.C. The new policy on economy.D. Expansion of some large corp

25、orations.Ellen 在谈话中明确提解析：解析：对话一开始就提到这个季度的经济势头好，毕业生不难找到好工作。到， Conditions are good ， hiring is on the up A.They are limited to 46, 000 dollars.，可见答案为 A 项。B.They rise considerably compared with last.VC.They fall down in only 50 kinds of jobs.也很好，比去年上升了 6%，故B项正确。EllenA项错误。C项和D项只是利用对话原 50词和salaries)D.The

26、y stand still for engineering students. 解析：解析： Ellen 提到今年的起薪点 （starting 说的是起薪点可达到 46， 000 或更高，并不局限于此，故 engineering 作干扰。A. They offer new college graduates signing bonuses.B. Competition among employers becomes stronger.VC. They favor new graduates from top universities.D. They tend to post recruitin

27、g ads on newspapers. 解析：解析：在对话中，主持人问道，雇主之间在招聘人时是否有竞争。 Ellen 回答说， 90的雇主都说 今年的竞争比去年激烈多了。故 B 项正确。其他三项都是脱离对话内容的臆断。A. Because it will reduce the chance of getting a job.VB. Because it is full of fraud.C. Because it will become the graduates only strategy.D. Because it is a waste of time.解析：解析：当主持人问及，为何不要

28、依靠网络时，女士回答道，可以将网络作为找丁作的一个策略，但 不要作为唯一的策略。并进一步提到只有25的工作会在大众传媒上登广告，且只有5的求职者通过这样的方式找到工作。可见，在网上找工作会减少几率，选A项。(分数： 10.00 )A. Joining various clubs in the campus.B. Taking internship before graduation.C. Attending relevant social functions.VD. Seeking for peers on the Internet.解析：解析： Ellen 在对话中提出建议，说学生可以建立人

29、际关系网 (networking) ，方法是找当地的校友 (local alumni) ，找相关的贸易组织 (relevant trade organizations)，参加不同的宴会 (variedfunctions) ， C 项与最后一个对应，故为答案。注意此处的 function 意为“社交聚会，典礼，聚会”。A. Get helpful advice on potential jobs.VB. Learn practical skills of the future job.C. Ask for higher starting salaries.D. Send out resume o

30、n a massive scale.解析：解析： Ellen 在提到 informational interviews( 可理解为信息面试，职位访谈 ) 时，指出学生可以 从中了解行业情况 (learn more the industry) 以及适合的工作 (potential job) ，并可能得到一些好建议 (get some good advice) , A 项与此对应。A. Asking as few questions as possible.B. Being confident to take charge.VC. Stressing your qualification and

31、education background.D. Being an active speaker rather than a listener.解析：解析：在讲述有关面试的建议时， Ellen 主要提到几点， 其中第一点就是有自信能掌控情况 (confident ready to take charge) ， B 项几乎为原词复现，为本题答案。她的其他建议包括：问一些关于晋升的具体 问题(A项与此相反)；学会聆听(D项与此相反)；不强调学历，而关注面试技巧(C项与此相反)。A. It helps develop the graduates confidence.B. It brings a po

32、sitive effect to job hunters.C. It gets the graduates off the coach.D. It might be tracked by prospective employers.V解析：解析：在谈到 electronic footprint 时，Ellen说，未来的雇主可能会查看你的Facebook，知道你的一些事情(而他们并不喜欢这些事情)，这可能导致你得不到这份工作。故D项正确。本题C项稍有干扰，C项中的off the coach在对话中有出现，但是在谈论家长可以如何帮助孩子找到工作提到的，与electronicfootprint 无关

33、。A. By sending them to training courses.B. By cutting off their financial aid.C. By living apart from them.D. By helping them build up confidence.V解析：解析：对话的最后， Ellen 给父母帮助孩子行动起来求职提出了建议：帮助孩子建立自信 (instill a sense of confidence)，让他们自主采取行动。D项中的build up 与对话中的instill 同义，故为答案。对话中的 off the couch 是比喻意，指让孩子从沙

34、发上起来，去找工作。二、READING COMPREHENSION数：10，分数：44.00)4. PART II READING COMPREHENSION 解析：5. SECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple-choice questions. For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A , B, C and

35、D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.解析：(1) Saints should always be judged guilty until they are proved innocent, but the tests that have to be applied to them are not, of course, the same in all cases. In Gandhis case the questions on feels inclined to ask are: to what extent was Gan

36、dhi moved by vanity by the consciousnessof himself as a humble, naked old man, sitting on a praying mat and shaking empires by sheer spiritual power and to what extent did he compromise his own principles by entering politics, which of their nature are inseparable from coercion and fraud? To give a

37、definite answer one would have to study Gandhis acts and writings in immense detail, for his whole life was a sort of pilgrimage in which every act was significant. But this partial autobiography, which ends in the nineteen-twenties, is strong evidence in his favor, all the more because it covers wh

38、at he would have called the unregenerate part of 1 is life and reminds one that inside the saint, or near-saint, there was a very shrewd, able person who could, if he had chosen, have been a brilliant success as a lawyer, an administrator or perhaps even a businessman. (2) At about the time when the

39、 autobiography first appeared I remember reading its opening chapters in the ill-printed pages of some Indian newspaper. They made a good impression on me, which Gandhi himself at that time did not. The things that one associated with him home-spun cloth, soul forces andvegetarianism were unappealin

40、g. It was also apparent that the British were making use of him, or thought they were making use of him. Strictly speaking, as a Nationalist, he was an enemy, but since in every crisis he would exert himself to prevent violence which, from the Britishpoint of view, meant preventing any effective act

41、ion whatever he could be regarded as our man. In private this was sometimes cynically admitted. The attitude of the Indian millionaires was similar. Gandhi called upon them to repent, and naturally they preferred him to the Socialists and Communists who, given the chance, would actually have taken t

42、heir money away. The British Conservatives only became really angry with him when, as in 1942, he was in effect turning his non-violence against a different conqueror. (3) But I could see even then that the British officials who spoke of him with a mixture of amusement and disapproval also genuinely

43、 liked and admired him, after a fashion. Nobody ever suggested that he was corrupt, or ambitious in any vulgar way, or that anything he did was actuated by fear or malice. In judging a man like Gandhi one seems instinctively to apply high standards, so that some of his virtues have passed almost unn

44、oticed. For instance, it is clear even from the autobiography that his natural physical courage was quite outstanding: the manner of his death was a later illustration of this, for a public man who attached any value to his own skin would have been more adequately guarded. Again, he seems to have be

45、en quite free from that maniacal suspiciousness which, as E. M. Forster rightly says in A Passage to India, is the besetting Indian vice, as hypocrisy is the British vice. Although no doubt he was shrewd enough in detecting dishonesty, he seems wherever possible to have believed that other people we

46、re acting in good faith and had a better nature through which they could be approached. And though he came of a poor middle-class family, started life rather unfavorably, and was probably of unimpressive physical appearance, he was not afflicted by envy or by the feeling of inferiority. Color feelin

47、g when he first met it in its worst form in South Africa, seems rather to have astonished him. Even when he was fighting what was in effect a color war, he did not think of people in terms of race or status. The governor of a province, a cotton millionaire, a half-starved Dravidian coolie, a British

48、 private soldier were all equally human beings, to be approached in much the same way. (4) Written in short lengths for newspaper serialization, theautobiography is not a literary masterpiece, but it is the more impressive because of the commonplaceness of much of its material. It is well to be remi

49、nded that Gandhi started out with the normal ambitions of a young Indian student and only adopted his extremist opinions by degrees and, in some cases, rather unwillingly. There was a time, it is interesting to learn, when he wore a top hat, took dancing lessons, studied French and Latin, went up th

50、e Eiffel Tower and even tried to learn the violin all this was the idea of assimilating European civilization asthoroughly as possible. He was not one of those saints who are marked out by their phenomenal piety from childhood onwards, nor one of the other kind who forsake the world after sensationa

51、l debaucheries. He makes full confession of the misdeeds of his youth, but in fact there is not much to confess. (5) One feels that even after he had abandoned personal ambition he must have been a resourceful, energetic lawyer and a hard-headed political organizer, careful in keeping down expenses,

52、 an adroit handler of committees and an indefatigable chaser of subscriptions. His character was an extraordinarily mixed one, but there was almost nothing in it that you can put your finger on and call bad, and I believe that even Gandhis worst enemies would admit that he was an interesting and unu

53、sual man who enriched the world simply by being alive. Whether he was also a lovable man, and whether his teachings can have muchfor those who do not accept the religious beliefs on which they are founded, I have never felt fully certain. (分数： 10.00 ) (1).According to Para. 1, a testing criterion fo

54、r Gandhis sainthood is to see if. (分数：2.00 )A. his major initiative for politics is monetary rewardB. his vanity is based on spiritual principlesC. coercion and fraud is related to his political compromiseD. his principles are overridden by his political needsV解析：解析：本题要求选出判断甘地是否是圣人的方法。第 1 段第 2 句提到判断

55、甘地是否是圣人要问两个 问题：他在多大程度上受到虚荣心的影响 (moved by vanity) ；他进入政坛，对自己的原则作了多大程度的 妥协(compromise his own principles by entering politics)。D提至U“他是否因政治需要而放弃原则”与第二个问题对应，其中的 override 词指“不顾，不理会”与文中的compromise “折衷，妥协”所表达的内涵是一致的，故确定 D为答案。(2) .The author obviously thinks that Gandhis autobiography .(分数： 2.00)A. tells th

56、e truth about the BritishB. excludes facts about his early lifeC. alters usual understanding of his personalityD. presents him as a complete saintV解析：解析：本题要求选出符合这本自传的信息。第 1 段开篇提出判断甘地是否是圣人要问两个问题，而 根据第 1 段最后一句可知，这本自传是证明甘地是圣人的有力证据 (strong evidence in his favor)， D选项 complete saint 与此对应，故选 D。(3) .The Br

57、itish liked Gandhi because .(分数： 2.00 )A. he prevented effective action in every crisisVB. he incited action against Indias rich middle-classC. he cheated the British as well as his countrymenD. he lent himself for use by the British colonists解析：解析：本题要求选出英国人喜欢甘地的原因。根据第 2 段第 5 句可知，甘地在每次危机中都努力阻 止暴力(pr

58、event violence)，这一点在英国人看来意味着阻止任何有效的行动(meant preventing anyeffective action) , A选项“ prevented effective action in every crisis” 是对以上信息的概括，故选 A。(4) .What is E. M. Forsters view?(分数：2.00)A. The Indians were defeated by British hypocrisy.B. The Indians were extraordinarily suspicious.VC. Gandhi generall

59、y believed peoples good faith.D. Indias politics was affected by inferiority complex.解析：解析：本题询问的是 E. M福斯特的观点。根据第3段第5句话可知，甘地并没有那种疯狂的多疑(maniacal suspiciousness)，而E. M福斯特在印度之行里指出，多疑是印度的一直以来的通病(thebesetting Indian vice)，故选项 B 印度人非常多疑(extraordinarily suspicious)”是对以上信息的同义替换。(5) .Which of the following do

60、es NOT describe Gandhi?(分数： 2.00 )A. Extraordinary physical courage.B. Abundant good faith.C. Strong sense of color feeling.VD. Little feeling of inferiority.解析：解析：本题要求选出不能描述甘地的一项。C “甘地有强烈的肤色意识”不符合文意。根据第 3段最后两句话可知， 甘地第一次在南非感受到肤色歧视的最恶劣的情况时， 似乎相当吃惊 (seems rather to have astonished him) 。而不同肤色、不同身份的人在甘

61、地的眼里都是平等的人 (equally human beings) 。因此 甘地并不是有强烈的肤色意识的人，故选C。(1) In 1823, Thomas Jefferson wrote: I am not fully informed of the practices at Harvard, but there is one from which we shall certainly vary, although it has been copied, I believe, by nearly every college and academy in the United States. T

62、hat is, the holding the students all to one prescribed course of reading, and disallowing exclusive application to those branches only which are to qualify them for the particular vocations to which they are destined We shall, on the contrary, allow them uncontrolled choice in the lectures they shal

63、l choose to attend, and require elementary qualification only, and sufficient age. Unfortunately, there is a steady push of students into the STEM subjects so they can get high-paying jobs when they are done. (2) This is college admissions decision seasona time when many young people have traditiona

64、lly lookedforward to an educational experience quite different from what they had (sometimes just endured) in high school. The days of checking off boxes to prove their worthiness to some future gatekeepers would be over. In college there might be requirements, but there would also be much more freedom, much more relevance, and much more intellectual excitement. (3) But the discourse about colleges and universities today is undermining these hopeful expectations. Everywhere one looks, from governm