专题八定语从句讲义

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1、关系代词专题八定语从句关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语（限制性定语从句中可省略）、表语whom人宾语（限制性定语从句中可省略）whose ( = of whom/of which)人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语（限制性定语从句中可省略）which物主语、宾语（限制性定语从句中可省略）as人或物主语、宾语Each graduate standing on the playground, who was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上，等

2、待校长给他们颁发毕业文凭。My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home.我的女儿总不在家，她的工作需要经常出差。1.关系代词that与which的用法（1）限制性定语从句中只用that不用which的情况：先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?你有什么要为自己说的吗？ 先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，the only, the

3、 very, the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that ,不用which 。This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激 动人心的足球比赛之一。This is the only thing that we can do now.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that ,不用which oThe scientist and his achievementsthat you told me about are admired by us all.

4、我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 定语从句出现在 which或who的特殊疑问句中时用that。Which is the bike that you lost?哪辆是你丢的自行车？Who is the boy that won the gold medal?赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁？ 有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that。They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂，这家工厂生产可能会

5、造成污染的东西。 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海不再是过去的那座城市了。 主句是there be 句型且关系词在从句中作主语时，用that不用which弓I导。There is a seat in the corner that is still available.在那个角落还有一个座位可用。只用which不用that的情况： 引导非限制性定语从句。Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others

6、, which, of course, made the others envy him.海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这当然让其他的儿子很嫉妒她的小儿子。 关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。 引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体或部分概念。The result was not the same as they had expected,which was rather disappointing.结果与当初预料的不一样，这让人觉得很失望。2

7、. which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas位置上只能放在主句的后面位置灵活，可放在主句前也可放在主句后，有时还口插入主句中搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表不感觉或心理活动的动词，如see,hear, know, expect, remember等意思上、/. a、?意为“正如，正像的那样”意为这一点She was late for school again,which was unexpected.她上学又迟到了，这是始料不及的。She was late for school again,as we expected.正如我们预料的那样，她上学又迟到了。名师指津as引导限制

8、性定语从句常用于下列句式：such+名词+ as （像一样的,像之类的）;such （pronJ + as （像一样的，像 之类的）;the same +名词+ as（和同样的）We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。I have the same book as he has.我和他有同样的书。命题点感悟单句语法填空 （2018 全国卷 I ） Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 201

9、4showed amere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.解析：that /which分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语，修饰先行词study ,故填that/ which 。 （2018 全国卷 n ） The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soil-test

10、ing programgives specific fertilizerrecommendations to farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.解析：that/which 空处引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，修饰a soil-testingprogram ”，先行词表示物，故用 that 或者 which。 （2017 浙江 11 月高考）The best part of the process is that there s enough room forimprovement,means you ll

11、just keep getting better and better.解析：which空处引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，故填which。 （2017 全国卷川）But Sarah , h as taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.解析：who分析句子结构可知，此处应是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Sarah ,故用关系代词who。 （2017 全国卷 n ） In their spare time, they are intere

12、sted in planting vegetables in theirgarden,is on the rooftop of their house.解析：which空处引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，故填which。 （2017 全国卷川）Around me in the picture are the things were veryimportant in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.解析：that/which 分析句子结构可知，things作其后定语从句的先行词，并在从句中作主语，故关系

13、代词用 that或which o关系副词先行词句法功能rm关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语（只引导限制性定语从句）Sing! China has set up a big stage for young people with a talent for music, where some have stoodout among them.中国新歌声为有音乐天赋的年轻人建立了一个大舞台，在这个舞台上一些人从中 脱颖而出。The reason why he failed in the exam was that he didn t study hard.他考试失

14、败的原因是他学习不努力。I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。名师指津当先行词为situation, case, stage, point等表示抽象意义的词，且关系词在 定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where 。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经至 U 了 必须分手的地命题点感悟单句语法填空 （2017 浙江 6 月高考）Pahlsson and her husband now

15、 think the ring probably gotswept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden , it remained until the carrot s leafy top accidentally sprouted （生长）through it. For Pahlsson, its return was a wonder.解析：where根据句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为“he garden ”，在从句中作地点状语，故要用关系副词where引导。 （2016 全国卷 I ）

16、 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV showin the mid- 1980s, was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a specialunit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.解析：when先行词是表示时间的“the mid -佃80s”，且从句中缺少时间状语，故填关系副词when 。 （2015 广东高考）When harvest came around , he

17、was already selling herbs , vegetablesand cotton in the market people from the towns met regularly.解析：where根据句子结构可以判断，在这里应填关系词来引导一个定语从句，修饰表地点的先行词themarket ”，且从句中少地点状语，故填关系副词where 。1“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句1 .“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句八成句法功能用法指津名词（代词）+介词+关系代词主语可转化为“ whose +名词”结构数词（形容词最高级）+ of +关系代词主语数词还可 以被 some, many,

18、most, each等不定代词替换介词（短语）+关系代词状语关系代词只能用which或whom 且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换介词+关系代词+名词状语关系代词常用 which和whose介词+关系副词状语有时为了表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when 前加介词 from 或 toRecently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.最近，我买了一个古代花瓶，它的价格很合理。He has ten cousins,the youngest of whom is very clever.他有十个表

19、兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。Lily might possibly come, in which case I ll ask her.莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。There is a big window in my room, from where I can see the railway station.我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。2? “介词+关系词”引导的定语从句的2个考查点（1 ）考查该结构中关系代词的选用若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom ,指物时常用which o（2）考查该结构中介词的选用一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面

20、入手：先行词和介词的搭配习惯；从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯；句子意思表达的需要。专题过关训练I .单句语法填空1. Get yourself familiar with local laws and customs of the countries to which_you are travelling.2. At that time I was in Texas and I had a friend whose family business was running hotels.3. To the Egyptians, green was a color which/that rep

21、resented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven.4. This woman has set a good example to her son, who is a really lucky guy.5. The watch, which was a gift from his father, was very important to him and he was determined to find it.6. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 peop

22、le, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.7. He wrote some of his most popular waltzes, among which was the well-known favourite The Blue Danube.8. Everywhere there are new freeways, tunnels and bridges which/that carry the ever increasing traffic under or over the rive

23、r.9. Reading has a lot of advantages, one of which is that it helps you develop reading skills.10. From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge that/which helps us to seek the truth.11. My house is about three kilometers far away from Xi an Muslim Street which/that is fu

24、ll of localfoods.12. At the same time, another student, who saw everything, went up to help.13. My father was easily cheated, which surprised me.14. Actually, it is important for us to communicate with our parents because they are the dearest people in our life, who care for us all the time.15. Take

25、 part in activities at school, through which you can make more friends.n .运用语法写靓句1 .正如人们所发现的那样，许多语言学习是在生命的第一年进行的，所以在那个时期 父母应该多跟孩子说话。(language learning, be discovered, happen, talk much)A 10t of language learning, as has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk m

26、uch to their children during that period.2 .我发现一个老人躺在地上，我乘出租车立即把他送到了医院，这就是那天上午我迟 到的原因。(find sb. doing, take . to)I found an 01d man lying on the ground and I took him to the hospital inat xi immediately, which was why l was late that morning.3 .我们学校里的老师，大多数都是三十多岁，把他们一切都奉献给了我们。(in one sthirties, devo

27、te oneself to)The teachers of our school, most of whom are in their thirties, have devoted the mselves_to_us. (listento)4 .经常听些英语歌曲或看些英语电影，这有助于提高你的听力和口语技能Often listen to English songs or watch English movies, which can help improve y our listening and speaking skills.5 .他是那些学生中唯一一个连续三次获得一等奖的。(theonl

28、y one, win the first prize, in a row)He is the only one of the students who has won the first prize (for) three times in a row.6 .参观西湖是一次难忘的经历，一次我将永远珍惜的经历。(visit, value for the rest of my life)Visiting theWestLakeisanunforgettableexperience,onelwiHvaluefortherestofmyjife.J | .语法填空(2019 河北衡水中学模拟 )Hav

29、e you ever had a case _1_ a mistake helped you understand an idea or askill? For me, it was sailing. I took a sailing class when I was in high school. No matter how many times Iread the _2_ (explain), I could not understand the difference between a“tack and a jibe - two methods ofturning a boat - on

30、e much _3_ (safe) than the other. Later, one day, when I was sailing, a heavy wind blewup. We needed to head back, 4 I mistook the“ tack ” for the jibe and pushed the boat in the wrongdirection. Before I realized _5_ (I) mistake, it was late. Luckily, no one _6_ (hurt).Only after this experience did

31、 I _7(clear) understand the sailing phrase“ turning on thewind “ that I 8_ (read) so many times in the textbook. I never confused a jibe with7 tack ” again! Now I oftehare this story _9_ my students after they have made mistakes. I hope they canlearn something from their mistakes and correct them in

32、stead of 10 (regret) all day.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者通过一次航海经历才领悟到“tack ”与“jibe ”的区别。1. where先行词是case,定语从句中关系词作地点状语，故用关系副词where 。2. explanation(s)由空格前的定冠词the可知此处需用名词形式。explanation 是可数名词，再根据 how many times可知应用其复数形式。3. safer根据句中的than 可知此处应用比较级形式。4. but前后两个分句之间为转折关系，故填 but。5. my修饰名词mistake应用形容词性物主代词作定语。6. was hurt 此处叙述的是过去发生的事，且 no one 与hurt之间为被动关系，故用 一般过去时的被动语态。7. clearly修饰动词understand 应用副词形式。8. . had read 从句动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，因此表示去完成时。过去的过去”，应用过9. . with share sth. with sb. “ 与某人分享某物”。10. . regretting 介词of后应用动名词形式。