人教版八年级语文下册第三单元试题

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1、 八年级语文下册第三单元试题一、基础知识（20分）1.下列字音都正确的一项是 （2分）A和煦（x）干涸（g）咫尺（zhi）沾沾自喜（zhn）B挑衅（xn）啮齿（ni）媲美（p）众目睽睽（ku）C笃信（d）缄默（qin）混淆（xio）相形见绌（zh）D牟取（mu）哂笑（shn）裸露（l）悄怆忧邃（qiao）2.下列词语中没有错别字的一项是 （2分）A、抑扬顿挫前扑后继莫衷一是随机应变B、诚惶诚恐期期艾艾长吁短叹相形见绌C、粗制滥造黑咕隆咚深不可侧逢场作戏D、翻来覆去不可名状仓海桑田慷慨大方3.下面句子成语运用恰当的一项是 （2分）A老人步履艰难地翻过一个山头，狂风吹得他有些摇晃，使他越发显得老气

2、横秋。B想不到昔日的“浪子”今天却成了英雄，这就不得不令人刮目相看。C西部大开发既是一项紧迫的任务，也是一项十分艰巨的工程，不可能一挥而就。只有长期努力，才能取得成功。D这家伙明知罪行严重，却在从容不迫地抹桌子，好像什么事也没有发生。4.下列句子没有语病的一项是 （2分）A在节约型社会里，人们有效利用资源进一步增强。B这篇小说完美地塑造了一个普通船长的光辉事迹。C大家去郊游时一定要注意交通安全，防止不要发生意外事故。D全国人大常委会副委员长许嘉璐日前表示，重视外语学习、忽视中文教育所产生的不良反应已经逐渐显现出来。5.下列作家、作品及内容搭配有错误的一项是 （2分）A、小石潭记柳河东集柳宗元唐

3、朝文学家B、敬畏自然大自然的智慧严春友北师大副教授C、喂出来不速之客星新一短篇小说选星新一台湾现代小说家D、马说韩愈文选韩愈唐朝著名文学家，唐宋八大家之一6.请你为这则新闻拟一个标题，不超过20字。（3分）2005年5月，来自青海的女教师罗南英，一位患白血病的年轻妈妈，因缺巨额治疗费放弃治疗。在生命即将走到尽头的时刻，她给3岁的儿子写了一组信打算让儿子在成长的过程中能够不断阅读到，并期望以这种特殊的方式延续母爱。信件经宁波晚报征文披露后，2000多名宁波市民7天就向她捐款60万元。这件事感动了浙江众多媒体，也感动了新华社、中央电视台，78月，全国一些主流媒体都进行了相关的报道。_7.根据语境，

4、续写两个句子，使之构成一个语义相关的排比句。（2分）美是游荡在蓝天上的几缕白云，美是偎倚在山冈上的几点残雪，_，_。8.古诗文默写：（8分）（1）幸福是什么？幸福是白居易“最爱湖东行不足，绿杨阴里白沙堤”的流连忘返；幸福是陶渊明“_，_”的悠闲自得；幸福是苏轼“_，_”的美好祝愿。（2）当我们遇到困难和挫折时不应该灰心气馁，而应该像李白在行路难中所提到的那样“_，_”。（3）酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠一诗中，喻含新事物不断涌现的理趣的诗句是：_，_。9.综合性学习科学泛舟（5分）（1）请给这次活动拟一个标题。_（2）举例说说你熟悉的一位科学家，并指出他有什么突出贡献。_（3）科学技术就象一把双刃剑

5、，他给我们带来哪些福音？同时也给我们带来哪些社会问题？分别举一例说明。_二、阅读理解与欣赏 敬畏自然（节选）人类的智慧与大自然的智慧相比实在是_。无论是令人厌恶的苍蝇蚊子，还是美丽可人的鲜花绿草；无论是_的星空，还是不值一提的灰尘，都是大自然_的艺术品，展示出大自然深邃、高超的智慧。大自然用“死”的物质创造了这样_的生命，而人类却不能制造出一个哪怕是最简单的生物。就目前所知，人本身就是自然智慧的最高体现，是她最杰出的作品之一。人体共有一万亿多个细胞，这么多的细胞不仅能够互相协调，而且每个细胞都有着与众不同的特殊分工，每个细胞都有其特定的工作，绝对不会混淆，从而使整个人体处于高度有序的状态。在近

6、百年的时间中，人体细胞尽管更替许多次，但这种秩序并不会改变。最不可思议的恐怕要数我们的大脑了，它使人有喜怒哀乐，能够思维，能够理解、想像。大自然也很“懂得”美学原则，在创造各种物质以至人体的时候运用了各种美的规律，比如对称性、协调性等等，使人体、花朵等表现出难以形容的美。要造出这样的一个人来，让一万亿个细胞协调工作，是人类的智慧所不能胜任的。1、请你联系上下文，把“高深莫测、丰富多彩、相形见绌、精巧绝伦”四个词语分别填在文中空白处。（2分）_ _ _ _ 2、请概括出这段文字的主要内容。（2分）_3、人类与大自然是一种怎样的关系？（2分）_4、为什么说“令人厌恶的苍蝇蚊子”也是大自然的“艺术品

7、”？（2分）_5、从哪些方面可以看出，人是大自然“最杰出的作品之一”？（2分）_6、请你就“敬畏自然”这一主题拟几句宣传标语，向人们发出呼吁.（2分）_ 宝石项圈（1）在美国的一次家庭宴会上，我看到一位老人戴着一个非常美丽别致的项圈，那上面有11块宝石，颜色形状各不相同，但看得出，每块都很名贵，在灯光下发出彩色的光芒。你在看到她的那一刹那，必会注意到她的项圈。因为她的表情和所有体态，都像指针一样指向了她的项圈。如果你注意不到她的项圈，你简直就是一个瞎子；如果你注意到了她的项圈，而不过问这件事，那你简直就是对她的大不敬了。（2）在这种压力之下，每个人在寒暄之后，都要夸奖她的项圈。她就如愿以偿了，

8、情绪高昂地说着什么。轮到我与她见面，我的谈话也从项圈开始：“这是我看到过的最美丽最别致的项圈之一。”（3）这可并不全都是客套。那项圈的确是独一无二的，晶莹璀璨。（4）“谢谢！它的确是独一无二的。是我把毕生积攒的名贵宝石都拿了出来，我自己设计了这个样式交给工匠制作，无论从价值还是款式来说，它都极为名贵别致。而且，对我来说，它的价值更是难以估量的，因为这个项圈有很大的象征意义。”老奶奶说。她说话的时候，鹤发鸡皮的脑袋摇个不停，脖子上的项圈就宝石相撞，精光四射，仿佛一串电焊的火花。（5）话说到这个份儿上，脖子晃成了这个样子，出于礼貌，你就是再没兴趣，也得问老人家这个项圈的象征意义是什么。（6）甲就像

9、一个好猎人下了套子，看到你的爪子果不其然地被她绊住了，老奶奶兴奋溢于言表。她说：“我这11块宝石，代表我的11个孙子和孙女。蓝色和绿色的宝石，代表的是男孩；粉红色和橙黄色的宝石，代表的是女孩。现在，你已知道了这个秘密，你仔细地数一数，我有几个孙女几个孙子？”（7）我很仔细地数过了，但老奶奶究竟有几个孙女几个孙子，又忘记了。记住的只是她那张充满期待的脸和筋络缠绕的脖子。乙项圈是美丽的，但如此近距离地观看，这苍老的面庞，在晶莹剔透的宝石的映照下，有一种残酷的枯萎。（8）也许是太想让老奶奶高兴了，这时，我千不该万不该，问了一句话：“您的这11位孙女孙子常常来看您吧？”（9）老奶奶的脸色黯淡下来，喃喃

10、地说：“是啊，他们来过，可是，已经很久不来了”（10）整个晚上，我都为自己的贸然发问后悔不已。（11）不，直到今天，我都为自己的贸然发问后悔不已。我为什么要自作聪明地用手指捅一位老人期待和自豪的泡沫？（12）有时，我看到大街上的女孩戴着灿烂的宝石项圈，会不由自主地想，天底下，无论东方还是西方，无论中国还是美国，有没有这样一个女孩，在盛大的宴会上，骄傲地指着自己项圈上的宝石对来宾说：这块蓝色的宝石，是纪念我的祖父，这块红色的宝石，是纪念我的祖母。他们永远在我心中。（13）_1人们在看到老人的一刹那为什么一定会注意到她的项圈？（2分）我的回答：_2从第（6）段第（7）段画线的甲、乙两处句子中任选一

11、处，具体分析其在表达上的好处。（2分）我的理解：_3第（11）段中，“期待和自豪的泡沫”怎样理解？（2分）我的理解：_4文末处隐去了本文的结尾。如果让你从下面A、B两项中选择，你会选哪一个作结尾？请把所选序号填在下面的括号里，并说说选择的理由。（3分）A有吗？有吧。B有吗？有！选择：（）理由：_5第（9）段中写老奶奶因为“我”的贸然问话而脸色黯淡下来，如果你在现场，你会对老奶奶说些什么？（30字左右）（3分）我的回答：_三、 文言文阅读嗟夫！予尝求古仁人之心，或异二者之为，何哉？不以物喜，不以己悲，居庙堂之高，则忧其民；处江湖之远，则忧其君。是进亦忧，退亦忧；然则何时而乐耶？其必曰：先天下之忧

12、而忧，后天下之乐而乐欤！噫！微斯人，吾谁与归！解释下列加点的词。（2分）予尝求古仁人之心心： 不以己悲以：微斯人，吾谁与归微： 归： 下列句中的“异”与“或异二者之为”中的“异”意思相同的一项是（）（2分） A渔人甚异之 B使内外异法也 C独在异乡为异客 D永州之野产异蛇翻译下面句子。（2分）先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐。本段中表现古仁人旷达胸襟的句子是。（1分）文中表达作者远大的政治抱负的语句是。（1分）选出下列各项中“之”的用法与“或异二者之为”中的“之”相同的一项是（）（2分）A.予尝求古仁人之心B.居庙堂 之高C.先天下之忧而忧D.处江湖之远文中“二者之为”中的“二者”具体指的是：（

13、用原文回答）（2分）答：。文中“进亦忧”，“退亦忧”中的“进”与“退”分别指的是什么人？（2分）进退 四、诗词赏析 己亥杂诗 浩荡离愁白日斜，吟鞭东指即天涯。 落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花。（1）这首诗前两句中“_”这一词语直接描写了诗人的心境。（2分）（2）谈谈你对“落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花”的理解。（2分）_五、写作题（任选一题写作）（50分）。（一)汪国真有一首诗叫做感谢，这样写道：“让我怎样感谢你，当我走向你的时候，我原想收获一缕春风，你却给了我整个春天。让我怎样感谢你，当我走向你的时候，我原想捧起一簇浪花，你却给了我整个海洋。让我怎样感谢你，当我走向你的时候，我原想亲吻一朵雪

14、花，你却给了我银色的世界。请以”感谢“为话题作文，文体自选，题目自拟，800字左右。（二） 印第安人有一首歌谣： 只有当最后一棵树被刨，最后一条河中毒，最后一条鱼被捕，你们才发觉，钱财不能吃 当我们呼吸着城市的废气，承受着各种疾病的威胁，我确确实实地感受到了绿色大自然的可贵，绿色在向我们呼唤，我们应该做些什么呢? 请以“人类生存危机”为题目写一篇文章，不得少于600字。54 / 54文档可自由编辑打印（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and

15、 the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advoc

16、ate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom lin

17、e . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; th

18、e third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chi

19、nese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respec

20、t for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18

21、 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the p

22、arty need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual ne

23、eds. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both

24、 with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in Dece

25、mber 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than

26、 half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious respo

27、nsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the p

28、arty tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, gener

29、al books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study t

30、wo regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively hel

31、d a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroot

32、s party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and co

33、mmissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting,

34、 formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formal

35、ly issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of

36、 the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent

37、 and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping poin

38、ted out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that c

39、onstitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set

40、 up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers

41、 to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideol

42、ogical and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of th

43、e whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-disci

44、pline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary pro

45、visions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with mo

46、rals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the wo

47、rld ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronizat

48、ion amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revise