《英语听力教程3》听力原文与问题详解

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1、word英语听力教程3答案与听力材料UNIT 1Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys: 1: burning of the forests/tree removal (deforestation)/reduction of the worlds rain forests 2: global warming/greenhouse effect/emissions of CO2Part II The Earth at risk (I)A. Keys:1. a. More people-more firewood-fewer treesb. More domestic anim

2、als-more plants-fewer available plants a, b- More desert-move south-desrtt expanding south-no grass2. Growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. But if there isnt enough rain the crops dont grow. 3. People try to grow food to support themselves or to create ranches wher

3、e cattle can be raised, or to get hardwood for export, or to make way for an iron ore mine B. Keys: 1: Sahara Desert 2: North America & most of Europe 3: top soil blowing away 4: tropical forests destruction 5: animal/plant species being extinct 6: climate change for the whole worldPart III The Eart

4、h at risk (II)A. Keys: 1: Trees would hold rainfall in their roots. When forests in the higher up-river have been destroyed, all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river and starts the flooding. 2: He implies that some national governments just consider the results of

5、their policies in the near future, or just think as far ahead as the next election.B. Keys: 1: flooding in Bangladesh 2: Action to be taken 3: population controlPart IV More about the topic: The Effects of Global WarmingKeys: 1: Warming up of the world 2: Effects of global 3: reduced potential for f

6、ood production 4: change of patterns of hear-related food poisoning, etc.Part V Do you know?A. Keys: 1: F 2: F 3: F 4: F 5: TB. Keys:Dos 1: your towels 2: Cut out 3: a wall-fire 4: fridge 5: wait until youve a full load 6: a plete meal Donts 7: iron everything 8: the iron up 9: the kettle 10: to the

7、 brim 11: hot foodTape scriptPart I Getting readyA.B. 1.The Amazon forests are disappearing because of increased burning and tree removal. In September, satellite pictures showed more than 20000 fires burning in the Amazon. Experts say most of these fires were set by farmers. The farmers were attemp

8、ting to clear land to grow crops. The World Wildlife Fund says another serious problem is that too many trees in the Amazon rain forest are being cut down. The World Wildlife Fund says the fires show the need for urgent international action to protect the worlds rain forests. The group warns that wi

9、thout such action some forests could be lost forever. 2. Environmental issues swell to the full in Berlin this week, for the UN spongsored conference on global warming and climate change is the first such meeting since the Rio summit three years ago. With scientists and governments now generally rea

10、dy to accept that the earth climate is being affected by emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, over a hundred countries are sending delegations. But how much progress has been made implementing the greenhouse gas reduction target agreed on at Rio? Simon Dary reports. Part II The Earth at risk

11、 (I)A.I (Interviewer): Brian Cowles is the producer of a new series of documentaries called The Earth at Risk which can be seen on Channel 4 later this month. Each program deals with a different continent, doesnt it, Brian? B (Brian Cowles): Thats right. We went to America, both North and South and

12、then we went over to Africa and South-East Asia. I: And what did you find in each of these continents? B: Starting with Africa, our film shows the impact of the population on the environment. Generally speaking, this has caused the Sahara Desert to expand. Its a bit of a vicious circle we find. Peop

13、le cut down trees for firewood and their domestic animals eat all the available plants and so consequently they have to move south as the Sahara Desert expands further south. I mean, soon the whole of Mali will bee a desert. And in East Africa: here the grasslands are supporting too many animals and

14、 the result is, of course, theres no grass nothing for the animals to eat. I: I see. And the next film deals with North America? B: Thats right. In the USA, as you know, intensive agriculture requires a plentiful supply of rain for these crops to grow, I mean if there isnt enough rain the crops dont

15、 grow. And growing crops stabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. This is also true for any region that is intensely farmed most of Europe, for example. I: And what did you find in South America? B: In South America (as in Central Africa and Southern Asia) tropical forests are bein

16、g cut down at an alarming rate. This is done so that people can support themselves by growing food or to create ranches where cattle can be raised to be exported to Europe or America as tinned meat. The problem is that the soil is so poor that only a couple of harvests are possible before this very

17、thin soil bees exhausted. And it cant be fed with fertilizers like agricultural land in Europe.For example, in Brazil in 1982 an area of jungle the size of Britain and France bined was destroyed to make way for an iron ore mine. Huge numbers of trees are being cut down for exports as hardwood to Jap

18、an, Europe, USA to make things like luxury furniture. These forests cant be replaced the forest soil is thin and unproductive and in just a few years, a jungle has bee a waste land. Tropical forests contain rare plants (which we can use for medicines, for example) and animals one animal or plant spe

19、cies bees extinct every half hour. These forest trees also have worldwide effects. You know, they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. The consequence of destroying forests is not only that the climate of that region changes (because there is less rainfall) but this change affects the whole world. I

20、mean, over half the worlds rain forest has been cut down this century. Part III The Earth at risk (II)A.I: So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as natural disasters are in fact man-made? B: Yes, by and large. I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, f

21、or example. Practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is getting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut down up in Nepal and India, I mean higher up-river in the Himalayas. Trees would hold rainfall in their roots, but if theyve been cut down all the rain

22、that falls in the monsoon season flows sraight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have been destroyed too. I: Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. Um . What is to be done? I mean, can

23、anything be done, in fact?B: Yes, of course it can. First, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election. Somehow, all the countries in the world have to work together on an inte

24、rnational basis. Secondly, the population has to be controlled in some way: there are too many people trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we dont need tropical hardwood to make our furniture its a luxury people in the West must do without. Softwoods are just as good, less expensive and can

25、be produced on environment-friendly tree farms, where trees are replaced at the same rate that they are cut down. I: And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the consequences of their actions? B: Yes, of course. I: Well, thank you, BrianB.I: So, Brian, woul

26、d you agree that what we generally think of as . er. as er . natural disasters are in fact man-made? B: Yes, by and large . er . I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. I mean, practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is getting wor

27、se. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut down up in Nepal and India . I mean . higher up-river in the Himalayas. Trees .er . would hold rainfall in their roots, but if theyve been cut down all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river Ganges and floods the

28、whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have been destroyed too. I: Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. Um . what is to be done? I mean, can anything be done, in fact? B: Yes, of course it can . er . first, the national gover

29、nments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election. Somehow, all the countries in the world have to work together on an international basis. Secondly, the population has to be controlled in some way: t

30、here are too many people trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we dont need tropical hardwood to make our furniture its a luxury people in the West must do without. Softwoods are just as good, less expensive and can be produced on environment-friendly tree farms, where trees are replaced at t

31、he same rate that they are cut down. I: And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the consequences . um . of their actions? B: Yes, yes of course. I: Well, thank you, Brian. Part IV More about the topic: The Effects of Global Warming every year. This may see

32、m very slight, but we know that slight changes in temperature can have a big effect on other things. Most scientists now believe this global warming is due to human activity. Jeff Jenkins is head of Britains Climate Prediction Center. He explains how global warming can happen. Sunlight strikes the e

33、arth and warms it up. At the same time heat leaves the earth, but part of that is trapped by carbon dioxide and other gases in the earths atmosphere. That has been happening ever since the earth was formed. But the fear is that increasing amounts of carbon dioxide produced by industrial processes an

34、d transport and so on will lead to a greater warming of the earths surface. So thats the golbal warming that people are concerned about. People are most concerned about the use of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are oil, coal, wood and so on. When these burn, they produce the gas carbon dioxide. Many sci

35、entists agree that an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and some of the gases in the atmosphere will increase the amount of warming. puters are being used to predict what this may mean. They showed that there could be great changes in rainfall and the rise in the sea level as ice caps in the

36、north and south poles melt. This could have a serious effect on agriculture according to Prof. Martin Perry of University College in London. He says it could bee more difficult to grow food in the tropics at lower latitudes nearer to the equator. The most clear pattern emerging is the possibility of

37、 reduced potential production in lower latitude regions, and most generally speaking, increased potential in higher latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm, to put it extremely simply, and plants there are quite near their limits of heat and drought stress. An increase in temperatu

38、re or reduction in moisture would place limits on crop growth. Woman: Global warming could reduce food production in lower latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm. Global warming could put more stress on plans and place limits on crop growth. Food production is only one area that c

39、ould be affected. There could also be health and social problems. Prof. Antony MacMichael of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine believes that some rural areas are already suffering. And the insects and bacteria could spread disease more easily.Already a number of rural populations ar

40、ound the world are suffering from the decline of agricultural systems. Climate change would add to this. And we would expect that it would accelerate the flood of environmental refugees around the world. But it includes not just the food production systems, but the patterns of distribution of insect

41、s and infective agents around the world. It includes likely effects on patterns of hear-related food poisoning, water contamination and diarrhea diseases, lots of things like this that would respond sensitively to changes in climate.Woman: Global warming could affect the distribution of insects. Glo

42、bal warming could change patterns of heat-related food poisoning. Many countries now agree that something must be done to reduce the danger of global warming. But a worldwide agreement on lowering the production of carbon dioxide has been difficult to reach. This is because many economies depend on

43、fossil fuels like oil. Scientists believe its now the politicians in every region of the world who need to take action.Part V Do you know?Environment has taken rather a back seat politically since the Earth summit in Rio de Janeiro nearly 5 years ago. But the problems that meeting highlighted had no

44、t gone away. One environmental think tank the International Food Policy Research Institute has been looking at the future of water and its report reflects growing concern at the huge leap in usage over the past few years.In some parts of the world, water consumption has increased five fold. And the

45、institute, known by its initials IFPRI, says shortages could soon bee the trigger for conflict and a major barrier to feeding the worlds growing population. Heres Richard Black of our Science Unit.Its often been said that water rather than oil will be the cause of warfare in the next century. Accord

46、ing to the IFPRI report, the time when that happens might not be far away. The number of people affected by water shortage will increase ten fold over the next 30 years, it says, which could well lead to large scale conflicts.The main reason why water is being a scarce resource is agriculture, which

47、 now accounts for 70% of water consumption worldwide, 90% in some developing countries. Countless farmers have switched from growing indigenous crops for the home market to high yield export varieties, which inevitably need far more water. But the IFPRI report says that in some regions water shortag

48、e is now the single biggest impediment to feeding the population. Water scarcity also leads to water pollution. In the Indian State of West Bengal, for example, over extraction of water from bore holes has led to arsenic poisoning which is estimated to have affected two million people so far. But th

49、e IFPRI report calls for better water management worldwide including financial incentives to encourage conservation.That report by Richard Black of our Science Unit.Unit 2Part I Getting readyA.B. Keys: 1: International Union for the Conservation of Nature, United Nations, wildlife, policies 2: Conve

50、ntion on International Trade in Endangered Species, trade, animals and plants, 1975, prohibits, 8000, controls, 30000 3: United Nations Environmental Program, leadership, environment, quality of life 4: World Wide Fund for Nature(formerly World Wildlife Fund) , 1961, Sahara Desert, North America & m

51、ost of Europe, top soil blowing awayC. Keys: 1: 2 2: 4 3: 5 4: 1,6 5: 3Questions: 1: They work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife 2: They are campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species.Protected-nesting sites for turtles have been set up 3: It

52、 refers to the places of safety in the sea where sea animals are protected and allowed to live freelyPart II Christmas bird countsA. Keys: 1: Jan. 3rd 2: more than 40 000 volunteers 3: 1 600 4: a 15 mile diameter 5: an American artist 6: their natural habitats 7: the late 1800sB. Keys: 1: start 2: s

53、ponsored 3: outside counting birds 4: experienced bird watchers 5: anyone that is interested or concerned 6: scheduled 7: 10 people taking part 8: 15 mile diameter circle 9: the total bird populations 10: the number of birds 11: the longest-running bird census 12: undefinedPart III Dolphin captivity

54、A.B. Keys: 1: 1 2: 3 3: 4 4: 5 5: 2 6: Dolphins should be kept in captivity. 7: There are educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity.C. Keys: 1: stress (family-oriented) 2: sonar bouncing off 3: average age of death; life getting better for captive dolphins 4: natural behabior patte

55、rns-altered 5: suffering from fractured skulls, ribs or jaws 6: cant learn from animals in the wild how they operate, breed, what they need, etc.Part IV More about the topic: Birds-A Source of WealthKeys: 1： 9300 2： Habitat 3： warmer climates 4： 300 different species 5： colder climates 6： habitat al

56、teration 7： esthetic value 8： Birds populationPart V Do you know?Keys: 1: one and one-half million 2: 20 times 3: 100 4: 40000 5: 65 million 6: 3500 7: 2 million square miles 8: 3% 9: 200 animal species 10: 1000 11: a third 12: two-thirds 13: three-quartersTape scriptPart I Getting readyA: Hello, Im

57、 calling on behalf of the World Wildlife Fund. B: The what? A: The World Wildlife Fund. If youve got a few minutes Id like to tell you what that means. B: Oh, all right. A: We work to conserve natural areas that contain endangered wildlife. The seas, for example, have bee polluted by the industriali

58、zed world; whales are being hunted to extinction; turtles are rolled off their eggs when they e ashore to breed or are slaughtered for their meat and oil B: Oh. A: Crocodiles are killed to make handbags and shoes; walruses are hunted for their ivory. B: I see. A: Seals are bludgeoned to death to pro

59、vide fur coats and the threat of extinction hangs over several species of whale, dolphin and porpoise. B: Really. A: We are now campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some of these endangered species. B: Very interesting. A: Aided by our campaign, protected nesting sites for turtles have already

60、 been set up. As you can see, this is very valuable work and I wonder therefore if youd like to make a donation?Part II Christmas bird countsJohn James Audubon was an American artist in the early 1800s, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats. The Society named after him was founded in the l

61、ate 1800s by conservationists concerned with the decline of birds, which were being killed so their feathers could be used in the manufacture of womens hats.Sponsored by the National Audubon Society, more than 40 000 volunteers will be outside counting birds from today until January 3rd. Volunteers

62、from all 50 states of the United States, every Canadian province, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands have begun to count and record every individual bird and bird species observed during the two and one half week period of the count.Jeffrey LeBaron is th

63、e National Audubon Societys Christmas Bird Count editor. He says the count is the longest-running bird census in ornithology.This year, according to Mr. LeBaron, more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been scheduled. Some would have as few as 10 people taking part, others with hundreds. The logis

64、tics of the Christmas bird count, he adds, are simple.Each individual count is in a circle. Its a 15 mile diameter circle, um, around the exact center point. And its always the exactly same area thats done every year, usually, even on the same weekend during the count period. And what the ideal would be, which is virtually impossible, is this census: every single individual bird within that circle on the count day.Mr. LeBaron says experienced b