初中英语零基础知识点

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1、word零基础英语道勤文化学校 编写目录第一章 词类及基本句型3第二章 名词3第三章 一般时态5第四章 代词7第五章 数词10第六章 常用其它时态14第七章 感叹句16第八章 形容词、副词比较级和最高级18第九章 冠词21第十章 反义疑问句26第十一章 主谓一致29第十二章 介词32第十三章 定语从句36第十四章 状语从句39第一章 词类及基本句型 一、词类名词：表示人、食物或抽象概念的名称 动词：表示动作或状态（及物动词和不及物动词） 形容词：修饰名词、代词。“的” 副词：修饰动词、形容词。“地”二、基本句型基本句型一：主语+谓语（不及物动词）基本句型二：主语+谓语（及物动词）+ 宾语基本句

2、型三：主语+系动词+表语基本句型四：主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语基本句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语基本句型六：There be 句型三、练习判断下列句子属于那种句型47 / 471. He made the boy laugh.2. Toms mother sounded worried.3. My father often reads newspaper after supper.4. We gave them some money.5. Mr Johnson taught us German last year.6. All of us considered him honest.

3、7. Classes begin at eight every day.8. The report sounds interesting. 9. Would you please pass me the dictionary? 10. The pain made him cry out. 11. You should study hard. 12. Her job is to look after the children in the hospital. 13. They push the door open.第二章 名词一、名词的分类及数（1）名词 普通名词 可数名词 不可数名词 专有名词

4、 表人、地方、机构、事物、组织的专用名称（2）名词变复数的规则（3）特殊的名词变复数单数复数意义单数复数意义footfeet脚；英尺knifeknives刀toothteeth牙齿womanwomen妇女childchildren孩子oxoxen牛basisbases基础phenomenonphenomena现象（4）单复数相同 fish chicken fruit deer sheep means(方式) Swiss(瑞士人) Chinese Japanese works（工厂）crossroads（十字路口）head（牲畜数量“头”）（5）名词形式上是单数，意义上是复数cattle 牛（总

5、称）、people 人民、police 警察、staff 全体员工（6）学科类名词，形式上是复数，意义上是单数politics 政治； physics 物理； maths 数学（7）不可数名词常见易错：advice建议; furniture家具; equipment设备；fun乐趣；information信息；paper纸；work工作；progress进步；traffic交通；housework家务劳动；wealth财富。（8）有些名词既可做可数又可做不可数名词可数不可数名词可数不可数glass玻璃杯玻璃danger危险人物危险room房间空间time次数倍数时间work工厂工程工作life

6、生命生活二. 名词所有格（1）有生命的在词尾加“s”；无生命的用“of +名词”（2）双重所有格构成 a/an/this/that + 名词 + of +名词性物主代词/名词所有格 注意:of 前的名词一定要有a/an/this/that等限定词 of前的名词不能是专有名词 of 后的名词必须是特定的指认的名词 如：these books of my friends a friend of my fathers a friend of mine三、练习1. This is _ reading-room.A. the teachers B. teachers C. teachers D. the

7、 teachers2. Nothing was found but _ broken.A. the room window B. the rooms window C. the room of the window D. the window of room3. How many_ would you like? A. paper B. bread C. pieces of papers D. pieces of bread4. Please get me a new _ when you go to town.A. clothes B. dress C. clothing D. trouse

8、rs5. There are 34_ doctors in the hospital.A. woman B. women C. womans D. womens6. He is old , but he has _to do every day.A. a lot of work B. much worksC. lots of homeworks D. quite a lot of homeworks7. Therere many _ in my brothers album.A. leafs B. toys C. books D. stamps8. Yesterday I went to th

9、e market and bought a lot of _.A. tomatoes B. potatos C. vegetable D. meats13.Please remember to give the horse some tree _.A leafs B leaves C leaf D leave14.The son asked his mother to buy _ glasses for him.A a type of B a pile of C a piece of D a pair of15.There is a _ of wood left on the ground.A

10、 cup B piece C box D pair16.- What do you think of the _ there? - They are very delicious.A cakes B meat C rice D milk9. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A Teachers B Teachers C the Teachers D Teacherss your father? - At _.A Mr Greens B Mr Green C the

11、 Mr Greens D Mr Greens11. He found two _ in the room.A photos B heros C tomatos D potatos12.This table is made of _.A many glass B glasses C some glasses D glass第三章 一般时态一、一般现在时用法：表示经常性习惯性的动作或常存在的状态；客观真理构成：主语+be动词（am、is、are）+表语 主语（单三）+动词实义动词（s/es）时间状语：often、usually、every（day、week、month）二、一般过去时用法：表示过去

12、技经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态构成：主语+be动词（was、were）+表语 主语+动词过去式时间状语：yesterday、at that time、last（week、month、year）三、一般将来时用法：表示将要发生的事情或存在的事情构成：主语+will/shall（第一人称）+动词原形 表示未经事先思考的意图，表明说话者的观点、主观意识 主语+be going to+动词原形 表示已经决定或安排要做的事，客观迹象表明必然或可能发生的事，表示自然现象 主语+be to+动词原形 表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务必须去做或即将发生的动作 主语+ be about to+动词原形（常与w

13、hen连用）表示主观要做的事，常与when连用四、时态练习题1.-Nancy is not ing to the party tonight. -But she _ me shed love to.A tells B told C will tell D is going to tell2. If I find his telephone number，I _ you. A tell B told C is telling D will tell 3.Jim _ to work in his home after he graduated from university.A goes B we

14、nt C will go D have gone4.Keep practicing and you _ your English. A improve B will improve C improving D improves5.-When _ Jim _ to New York? -Yesterday A does; get B did; get C will; get D has; got6.Teacher told us the earth _ around the sun. A travelled B travels C will travel D travelling7. -Ann

15、is in hospital. - I _ , I _ her.A didnt know; will see B knows; will see C knows ; sees D didnt know; saw第四章 代词一、人称代词的用法1.人称代词的人称、数和格。 2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。如：I like table tennis. （作主语） Do you know him?（作宾语）3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。 如：-Whos is knocking at the door? -Its me.4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：

16、He is older than me. He is older than I am.单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hesheithimherittheythem二、物主代词的用法1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：Our teacher is ing to see us. This is her pencil-box.注意：名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）-

17、 Is this English-book yours? （作表语）- No. Mine is in my bag.Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours?（作宾语）数人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单数第一人称mymine第二人称youryours第三人称hishisherhersitsits复数第一人称ourours第二人称youryours第三人称theirtheirs练习题：1. This is not my pencil-box. _ ( I ) is in the bag.2. Trees are pla

18、nted in _ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful.3. -Is that bike Miss Gaos? -Yes, it is _(she) . Beautiful, isnt it?4. Help _ (you) to some fruit, Jack.5. -Who taught your brother to surf ? -Nobody. He learnt all by _ (he).6. Their English teacher is from America

19、, but _ (we) is from England.7. Marys answer is different from _ ( I ).8. -My watch keeps good time. What about _ (you)? -Mine? Oh, two minutes slow.9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with _ (he)?10. Did you enjoy _ (you), Mary and Kate?三、反身代词的用法 英语中用来表示“自己”，等意义的代词称为反身代词。反身代词在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。1.

20、作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语。指同一个人或一些人。 He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English?2. 作表语。It doesnt matterIll be myself soonThe girl in the news is myself 3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。I myself washed the clothes=I washed the clothes myself. （作主语同位语） You should ask the teacher him

21、self（作宾语同位语）I - myself 我自己 you - yourself 你自己he - himself 他自己 she - herself 她自己it - itself 它自己 we - ourselves 我们自己you - yourselves 你们自己 they - themselves 他们自己常用短语1. by oneself 单独的；独自的 2. enjoy oneself 玩的愉快3. help oneself to 自用 4. dress oneself 自己穿衣服5. say to oneself 自言自语 6. teach oneself = learn by

22、oneself 自学四、指示代词的用法 指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。 1.this和these指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人， that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例:This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time2. 有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物， this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物例:I had a cold. Thats why I didnt e. What I w

23、ant to say is this ; Pronunciation is very important in learning English3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替例:Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai4. this 在用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例:Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?五、疑问代词的用法 疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用

24、于特殊疑问句中，一般在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。Who is going to e here tomorrow?（作主语） What is that? (作表语)Whose umbrella is this? (作定语) Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语)六、不定代词的用法不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，不定代词有：some, any， many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。七、相互代词的用法表示相互关系的代词

25、叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。We should learn from each other / one another. （宾语）Do you often write to each other / one another? （宾语）We often borrow each others / one anothers books. 定语The students corrected each others /

26、 one anothers mistakes in their homework. （作定语）八、练习题1 These are books. Yours are over there. A I B my C me D mine2 is she? She is a teacher. A What B How C Who D Where3 is wrong with my watch. It has stopped. A Something, working B Something, to work C Any thing, working D Anything, to work4 Mary, h

27、elp to the bananas, please. A you B your C yourself D yourselves5 do you go to school every day? By bus. A How B Why C When D Where6 My skirt is popular than. A much, her B much, hers C more, her D more, hers7 Can you speak English? Yes, but only. A few B a few C little D a little8 Mr.Smith is an ol

28、d friend of. A I B me C my D mine9 “ do you hear from your parents?”“About once a month.” A How long B How many C How often D How much10 Mr Green wouldnt say at the meeting. A everything B nothing C anything D something11 “Mum, Anns ing tonight. Lets give her to eat.”“Good idea!” A anything nice B n

29、ice anything C something nice D nice something12 When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening? I dont mind. time is OK. A Some B Neither C Either D Both13 This is not her kite,but. A hes B him C he D his14 Dont worry, Mum! news is good news. Im sure daddy will e back soon. A No B Many C Thos

30、e D Two第五章 数词一、分类1.基数词：表示数目多少（1）以下是最基本的基数词，学习者必须牢记：one(1), two(2), three(3), four(4), five(5), six(6), seven(7), eight(8), nine(9), ten(10), eleven(11), twelve(12), thirteen(13), fourteen(14), fifteen(15), sixteen(16), seventeen(17), eighteen(18), nineteen(19), twenty(20), thirty(30), forty(40), fif

31、ty(50), sixty(60), seventy(70), eighty(80), ninety(90), a hundred(100), a thousand(1000), a million(1000000), a billion (十亿)（2）2199 的表示法。先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字号：twenty-one(21), thirty-six(36), forty-five(45), ninety-nine(99)等。（3）101999的表示法。先说“几百”，后接and，再加末尾两位数(或末位数)：one hundred and one(101), five hundre

32、d and thirty(530), seventy hundred and eighty-nine(789)（3）1000 以上的基数词。先从右至左数，每三位数加一个逗号(即以此把数目分为若干段)。第一个逗号前的数为thousand(千)，第二个逗号前的数million(百万)，第三个逗号前的数为billion(十亿)，第四个逗号前的数为 trillion(万亿)，然后一段一段地数2.序数词：表示先后顺序。1) 序数词第一、第二和第三为first, second和third,其他序数词的构成是在基数词后加th 2) fifth(第五)、 eighth (第八)、 ninth (第九)和twe

33、lfth (第十二)3) 二十、三十等基数词变为序数词时,要把y变成ie再加-th。例如：twenty twentieth forty fortieth4) 基数词几十几变成序数词时,表示几十的数词不变,只把表示几的基数词变成序数词。 例如：twenty-one twenty-first forty-five forty-fifth5) 第一百、第一千、第一百万、第十亿都是在基数词后直接加th构成。例如：第一百hundredth；第一千thousandth； 第一百万millionth；第十亿billionth6）序数词的缩略是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成例如：1st,2nd,3rd

34、,4th,21st,32nd,40th二、分数表达法分数由基数词和序数词合成。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是1时，分母(序数词)用单数形式；分子大于1时，分母用复数形式，序数词加-s。读带分数时，先读整数部分，再读分数部分。 1/2one half 或 a half ； 1/4one fourth 或 one (a) quarter3/4three quarters或 three fourths； 4/5four fifths2-1/3two and a (one)third； 3-5/6three and five sixths32-3/4thirty-two and three qua

35、rters (three fourths)三、小数表达法整数与小数之间用小数点隔开。读小数时,每位数字(特别是小数点后面的)要单独读出。小数点读作point(点)，零读作zero(或naught)。如果整数是零,往往不读出。 zero(naught)point one 或 point one zero(naught)point naught three 或 zero point zero threetwo point two five； fourteen point one sixtwo hundred and five point three seven四、百分数百分数用下面形式表示：5%5

36、.per cent(缩写：5.PC) 读作：five percent23%23.per cent(缩写：23.PC)读作：twenty-three percent五、常见的数字符号和等式的读法= (等于号) 读作 equals；+ (加号) 读作 plus或and (减号) 读作minus； (乘号) 读作times 或multiplied by (除号)读作divided by六、时刻表达法表示时刻有两种说法：逆读法，先分钟,后钟点；顺读法，先钟点,后分钟。七、年 月 日表达法1)年份用基数词,日期用序数词例如：1988年5月1日可以写作 May 1(st),1988，读作May the f

37、irst, nineteeneighty-eight；或者1(st)May,1988,读作the first of May, nineteen eighty-eight2)英语年份的读法：一般先读前两位数,再读后两位数。例如：1983nineteen eighty-three；1700seventeen hundred； 1870eighteen seventy；1601sixteen a one或sixteen hundred and one；965nine sixty-five 或nine six five 3)年代用年份的阿拉伯数字加-s或-s表示例如：十八世纪三十年代1730s/173

38、0sthe seventeen thirties 二十世纪六十年代1960s/1960sthe nineteen sixties八十年代初期the early eighties九十年代末期the late nineties4)月份一年12个月的英语写法如下：一月January 二月February 三月March 四月April五月May 六月June 七月July 八月August 九月September十月October 十一月November 十二月December八、及编号编号既可以用序数词,也可用基数词。例如：the tenth lesson；Lesson Ten 第十课；the f

39、iftieth page；Page 50第五十页有的编号习惯上常用基数词。例如：Room 321(读作three two one) 321号房间 Tel.No.4013586(读作Telephone number four 0 one three five eight six) 九、练习题1. Lincoln was born on _. A. February 12, 1809 B. 1809, February 12 C. 1809, 12 February D. February 1809,122. A _ boy can sing the English song very well.

40、 A. ten-year-oldB. ten years old C. ten-years-old D. fifth years old3. An hour later, _ minister was sent to see the “magic cloth” worn by those two men. A. two B. the secondC. the two D. second4. Abraham Lincoln was _ President of the United States. A. 16 B. the 16 C. 16th D. the 16th5. Do you thin

41、k there is any room for us _ ? A. two B. the two C. second D. the second6. How many students are there in your class? _. A. Twenty nine B. Thirty and two C. Forty-five D. fifties7. Which number is wrong? _. A. Ninety B. Ninteen C. Ninth D. Nineteenth8. The Peoples Liberation Army was founded _. A. o

42、n August 1, 1927 B. in 1927, 1 August C. on August 1st, 1927 D. in August 1, 19279. The number 4,123 is read _. A.four thousand one hundred and twenty-three B. four thousand and one hundred twenty-three C.four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three10. Th

43、e old professor still works hard though he is _. A. in his sixty B. in his sixties C. in sixties D. in the sixty11. This classroom is _ ours. A. three times big as B. as three times big as C. three times as big as D. as big three times as12. The basketball team of our school ranks _ in the match. A.

44、 three B. third C. the three D. the third13. Which is the car that he drives? Its _. A. fifty two B. the fifty-two cars C. the car fifty four D. the fifty-fourth car14. Which of the following is wrong? _. A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy. B. He is at the age of 15. C. He is a boy of 15. D. He is fift

45、een year old.15. Our school is not very big. There are only _ students. A. nine hundreds of B. nine hundred C. nine hundreds D. nine hundred of16. How many new words are there in _ lesson? There are only _. A. five; fifth B. fifth; five C. the fifth; the five D. the fifth; five17. _, Coca-Cola began

46、 to enter Chinas market. A. In 1970s B. In 1970s C. In the 1970s D. In the 1970s18. There was no bus in that small town. We had a _. A. ten miles walk B. ten-mile walk C. ten miles walk D. tenth mile walk19. Today is the first day and _. A. Tuesday is fourth B. Thursday is the fourth C. second is Tu

47、esday D. a second is Thursda第六章 常用其它时态一、现在进行时1.用法：表示现阶段说话时正在进行的动作2.构成：主语+ be（am、is、are）+ 动词-ing3.时间状语：now, at this moment，at present，look！listen！二、过去进行时1.用法：表示过去某一阶段说话时正在进行的动作2.构成：主语+ be（was、were）+ 动词-ing3.时间状语：at that moment三、将来进行时1.用法：表示将来某一阶段说话时正在进行的动作2.构成：主语+ will/shall+be + 动词-ing四、现在完成时1.用法：动作

48、发生在过去对，强调对现在造成的影响和结果；动作从过去开始一直延续至今，并且还有可能持续下去。2.构成：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词3.时间状语：already、yet、for或since加时间、so far、up to now、recently（通常不与明确的过去时间状语连用）五、过去完成时1.用法：过去的过去2.构成：主语 + had + 动词过去分词3.时间状语：通常根据上下文来判断六、过去将来时1.用法：过去某一时间段打算要做某事2.构成：主语 + would + 动词原形七、习题1、I _ a mistake. Please dont be angry with me.

49、A. make B. made C. will make D. had made2、My brother left school in 2005, and since then he _ in Beijing. A. lives B. lived C. will live D. has lived3、I _ my clothes, and the phone rang.A. wash B. washed C. am washing D. was washing4、-Where is Peter? - He _ volleyball with his friends in the school

50、gym.A. plays B. played C. is playing D. has played5、He_ his umbrella to me yesterday. so I didnt get wet.A. borrowed B. kept C. lent D. bought6、Im sorry I left the book at home. I_ it here tomorrow, I promise.A. bring B. will bring C. brought D. have brought7、-What are you doing ,Simon?-I have finis

51、hed my homework , and now I _ the puter games.A. played B. was playing C. am playing D. play8、My brother came back home while I _homework.A. am doing B. were doing C. was doing D. did9、-Did you watch the football match yesterday?-Yes , I did. You know , my brother _in the match.A. is playing B. was

52、playing C. will play D. play10、-Where are the Greens ,may I ask?-Well, they _England. They have been there for nearly a week now.A. have been to B. are going to C. have gone to11、-How was your day off ? - Pretty good ! I _ the science museum with my classmates.A. visit B. visited C. am visiting D. w

53、ill visit12、There _ a big cake and many candies at the party yesterday.A. was B. were C. is D. are13、I _ the charity show on TV when the telephone rang.A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. was watching14、Tom _ the USA. He _ back in two months. A. has gone to; es B. has gone to; will be C. has been to; es D. has been to; will be17、-You have a nice watch. -Thank you. I _ it since I got married. A. had B. bought C. have had D. have bought18、Although this village isnt big, all the other villages I_ so far are smaller.A. visited B. ha