(完整版)英语语法学习资料

《(完整版)英语语法学习资料》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《(完整版)英语语法学习资料（51页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、英语语法学习资料第一讲名词n 1.1名词的分类n 名词可以分为专有名词Proper Nouns和普通名词 以y 1结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数：如：two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeysholiday-holidays比较：层楼：storey -storeys story-stories 2 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时：a. 加s,如： photo-photospiano-pianos radio-radioszoo-zoos；b. 加es,如：potato-potatoestomato-tomatoesc. 均可,如：ze

2、ro-zeros / zeroes3 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：a. 加s,如： belief-beliefsroof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs；b. 去f,fe 加ves,如：half-halvesknife-knivesleaf-leaveswolf-wolveswife-wiveslife-livesthief-thieves；c. 均可,如：handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 名词复数的不规则变化n 1child-childrenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-miceman-

3、men woman-women注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women.如： an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans.n 2单复同形如：deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式.如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two metersn 3集体名

4、词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数.如：staff peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数,不能说a staff a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用.如： The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的.不规则变化n 4以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如： a. mat

5、hs,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数. b. news 是不可数名词. c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数.The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的. d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数.The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事书.5 表示由两部分构成的东西,如：glasses trousers,clothes若表达具体数目

6、,要借助数量词 pair;suit; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers6另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如：goods货物,waters水域,fishes各种鱼请来两杯茶.2抽象名词有时也可数.four freedoms 四大自由the four modernizations四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量.如：a glass of water 一杯水a piece of advice一条建议1.4复合名词的复数形式略1.5 名词作定语n 名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外.1 用复数作定语.如：sport

7、s meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系2 man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定.如：men workerswomen teachers gentlemen officials3 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留.如：goods train arms produce武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷4 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式

8、.如：two-dozen eggs两打/二十四个鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十里路 two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan一个五年计划1.6名词的格n 在英语中有些名词可以加s来表示所有或所属关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如：a teachers book.名词所有格的规则如下：修饰有生命的名词用s,无生命的一般用of结构n 1单数名词词尾加 s,复数名词词尾没有s,也要加s,如the boys bag 男孩的书包,mens room 男厕所.n 专有名词s结尾一般应加sCharless job2若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加s

9、,如：the workers struggle工人的斗争.3凡不能加s的名词,都可以用名词+of +名词的结构来表示所有关系,如：the title of the song 歌的名字.4在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如：the barbers 理发店.5如果两个名词并列,并且分别有s,则表示分别有；只有一个s,则表示共有.如：Johns and Marys room两间John and Marys room一间6复合名词或短语,s 加在最后一个词的词尾.如：a month or twos absence第二讲冠词和数词n 冠词是虚词,本身不能单独

10、使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义.英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词the Definite Article,另一种是不定冠词the Indefinite Article,还有一种是零冠词Zero Article.n .1不定冠词的用法不定冠词a 与数词one 同源,是一个的意思.a用于辅音音素前,一般读作e,而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做en.1 表示一个,意为one；指某人或某物,意为a certain. A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.2 代表一类人或物. A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. S

11、mith is an engineer.3 词组或成语. a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden2.2定冠词的用法n 定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有那这个的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连

12、用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西.1特指双方都明白的人或物： Take the medicine.把药吃了.2上文提到过的人或事： He bought a house.Ive been to the house.他买了幢房子.我去过那幢房子.3指世上独一物二的事物： the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth 4单数名词连用表示一类事物,如：the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸；或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人：the rich 富人; the living 生者.用在序数词和形容词最高级,与形容词only, very, same等前面： Wher

13、e do you live?I live on the second floor.你住在哪？我住在二层. Thats the very thing Ive been looking for.那正是我要找的东西.6与复数名词连用,指整个群体： They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师 They are teachers of this school. 7表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前：She caught me by the arm.她抓住了我的手臂.8用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前： the Peo

14、ples Republic of China中华人民共和国 the United States美国9用在表示乐器的名词之前： She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴.10 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人： the Greens格林一家人 11 用在惯用语中：in the day, in the morning ,the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday,the next morning,in the sky in the dark,in the rain,in the distance,in the middle ,in t

15、he end,on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre2.3零冠词n 1 国名,人名前通常不用定冠词：England,Mary；2泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词；They are teachers. 他们是教师.3抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词；Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母.4物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词；Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存.5在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名

16、词之前,不加冠词； We go to school from Monday to Friday.我们从星期一到星期五都上课.6在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词； The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里.7在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词如: have breakfast,play chess 8当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词； I cant write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字. 9当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词

17、；by bus,by train； 10有些个体名词不用冠词；如： school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class, town,church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义某种行为； go to hospital去医院看病 go to the hospital去医院 11不用冠词的序数词；a. 序数词前有物主代词b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race.c. 在固定词组中 at first,first of all,from first to last 2.4冠词与形容词+名

18、词结构n 1 两个形容词都有冠词,表示两个不同东西. He raises a black and a white cat.他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫. The black and the white cats are hers.这只黑猫和白猫都是他的.2 如后一个形容词无冠词,则指一物. He raises a black and white cat.他养了一只花猫.2.5冠词位置1 不定冠词位置不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前.注意：a. 位于下列形容词之后：such,what,many,half,I have never seen such an animal.Many a man is f

19、it for the job.b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as, so, too, how, however, enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后：It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.So short a time.Too long a distance.c. quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后.但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可.如：quite a lot n d. 在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容n 词修饰的名词时不定冠词放形容词后： Brave a ma

20、n though he is,he trembles at the n sight of snakes. n 他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖.当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级n 形容词之后.2 定冠词位置定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all, both,n double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前. All the students in the class went out. n 班里的所有学生都出去了.2.6数词n 表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词.表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词.n

21、一、基数词1基数词写法和读法： 345three hundred and forty-five；2基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数： a. 与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连用,如scores of people 指许多人； b.在一些表示一排或一组的词组里；如：They arrived in twos and threes.他们三三两两的到达了. c. 表示几十岁； d. 表示年代,用 in +the +数词复数； e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如：3 x 5 = 15 n Three fives is fifteen.数词总结：n 1.基数词和序数词的形式.复合数字3

22、07586610n 大概数目hundreds of people, millions of birds dozen, score 用法相同.十二个鸡蛋；六打；八十；好几十个人；成打的鸡蛋n 2.第五,第九,第十二,第十九CharlesVn 3.一些习惯用法：1年份,公元前,公元A.D.一般置于年份前n 2日期 3加、减、乘、除、面积 4时刻 5 ,分机n 6温度 7倍数,分数,小数,百分数n 8编号：line7 Room 131 Bus 208 Apartment402二、序数词序数词的缩写形式： first-1stsecond-2ndthirty-first-31st三、数词的用法 1倍数表

23、示法 a. 主语+谓语+倍数或分数+ as + adj. + as I have three times as many as you.我有你三倍那么多. b. 主语+谓语+倍数分数+ the size of The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍. c. 主语+谓语+倍数分数+ 形容词副词比较级+ than The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%. d. 还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍 The p

24、roduction of grain has been increased by four times this year.今年粮食产量增加了4倍.2分数表示法构成：基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母.分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数： 1/3 one-third ； 3/37 three and three-sevenths 第三讲代词3.1人称代词分类n 代词是代替名词的一种词类.大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能.英语中的代词,按其意义、特征与在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种.一、人称代词是表示我、你、他、她

25、、它、_我们、你们、他们的词.人称代词有人称、数和格的变下表：数单数复数格主格宾格主格宾格第一人称 Ime weus第二人称youyouyouyou he himthey them 第三人称sheherthey them it it they them 如：He is my friend.他是我的朋友.Its me.是我.二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格.n 物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人物和数n 的变化见下表.数单数复数人称第一第二第三第一第二第三人称人称人称人称人称人称形容词性myyourhis/her its our your/their物主代词名词

26、性 mine yours his/hers its ours yours/theirs物主代词n 如： I like his car.我喜欢他的小汽车.n Our school is here,and theirs is there.我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿.三、指示代词表示那个、这个、这些、那些等指示概念的代词.n 指示代词有this,that,these,those等.如： That is a good idea.那是个好主意.n 四、表示我自己、你自己、他自己、我们自己、你们自己n 和他们自己等的代词,叫做自身代词,也称为反身代词.如： She was talking to her

27、self.她自言自语.五、表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有each other 和one another两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么区别.如： They love each other.他们彼此相爱.六、不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词.常见的不定代词有a11,both,each,every等,以与含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,如anybody, something,no one.这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语.如：-

28、Do you have a car? -你有一辆小汽车吗？- Yes,I have one.-是的,我有一辆.- I dont know any of them.他们,我一个也不认识.七、疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等.在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句.疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句如：Tell me who he is.告诉我他是谁.八、关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引导从句的关联词.它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代

29、词通称为先行词.如： He is the man whom you have been looking for.他就是你要找的那个人.3.2人称代词的用法n Lets与 let us 有时有异义Lets多用来表劝告或建议,包括自己与对方在内 Lets go, shall we? Lets start at once.n 在不包括对方的情况下,须用Let us Please let us know the time of your arrival. Please let us buy you a drink.3.3并列人称代词的排列顺序n 1 单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为：第二人称 第三人

30、称 第一人称you he/she;it - I You, he and I should return on time.2 复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为：第一人称 第二人称 第三人称weyouThey注意：在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面.a. 在承认错误,承担责任时, It was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生气了.b. 在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称,如：I and you try to finish it.c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时,d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时.3.5双重所有格n 物主代词不可

31、与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格.公式为： a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词.如： a friend of mine. each brother of his.3.6反身代词1列表Iyouyoushehe myselfyourselfyourselvesherselfhimselfwetheyitoneourselvesthemselvesitselfoneself

32、2做宾语a. 有些动词需有反身代词absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behaveWe enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心.Please help yourself to some fish.请你随便吃点鱼.b. 用于与物动词+宾语+介词take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.I could not dress up at that time.那个时候我不能打扮我自己.注：有些动词

33、后不跟反身代词,get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等.Please sit down.请坐.n 3作表语；同位语be oneself: I am not myself today.我今天不舒服.The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要.4在不强调的情况下,but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可.如：No one but myself is hurt.注意：a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语. Myself drove the car. I myself drove the car.

34、我自己开车.b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语.Charles and myself saw it.5第二人称作宾语,要用反身代词.You should be proud of yourself.你应为自己感到骄傲.n 习惯用法textbookn among themselvesn between ourselvesn by oneselfn for oneselfn in oneselfn be oneselfn to oneself3.7相互代词n one another & each other 3.8指示代词和疑问代词

35、指示代词的用法 P40-48疑问代词 P48-513.9关系代词n 1关系代词用来引导定语从句.它代表先行词,同时在从句中作一定的句子成分,例如：The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹.该句中whom既代表先行词the girl,又在从句中作介词to的宾语.2关系代词有主格,宾格和属格之分,并有指人与指物之分.在限定性定语从句中,that 可指人也可指物,见表：限定性非限定性限定性指人指物指人或指物主格who which that宾格 whomthat that属格 whose of which/whose of which/whos

36、en 例如： This is the pencil whose point is broken.这就是那个折了尖的铅笔. He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他回来取他丢下的书.which指物,在限定性定语从句中作宾语,可以省略3关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子,例如：He said he saw me there, which was a lie.他说在那儿看到了我,纯属谎言.说明：关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略,例如： Ive forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.

37、我过去懂拉丁语,现在大都忘了. Hes changed. Hes not the man he was. 他变化很大,已不是过去的他了.3.10不定代词every , no, all, both, neither, nor1不定代词有all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以与some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyon

38、e, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等.2不定代词的功能与用法a.除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词,也可用作形容词.every和no在句中只能作定语.I have no idea about it.n b.all 都,指三者以上.all 的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定.All goes well.一切进展得很好.all 通常不与可数名词单数连用,如：不说 all the book,而说 the whole book.但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用,如 all day,all

39、night,all the year；但习惯上不说 all hour,all century.all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用,如 all China,all the city,all my life, all the way3 both都,指两者. a.both 与复数动词连用,但 both and可与单数名词连用. b.both, all 都可作同位语,其位置在行为动词前, be 动词之后.如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省去,则位于助动词或情态动词之前.Who can speak Japanese?We both can.n 4neither两者都不 a.neither作主语时,谓

40、语动词用单数. b. 作定语与单数名词连用,但neither nor 用作并列连词,可与复数名词连用.其谓语采用就近原则.c.可用于下列句型,避免重复.She cant sing,neither he.n neither 与nor d.如前句是否定式从句,则主句用neither,而不用 nor.If you dont do it,neither should I.如果你不干,我也不干. e. 如后连续有几个否定句式,则用nor,不用neither. He cant sing,nor dance,nor skate.n .n none, few, some, any, one, ones一、no

41、ne 无1 none作主语,多与of 构成短语none of.在答语中,none可单独使用.Are there any pictures on the wall?None.2 none作主语,谓语动词单复数均可.但如做表语,则其单复数与表语一致.It is none of your business.二、few 一些,少数few 作主语时,谓语动词用复数,多用于肯定句.n 三、some 一些 1 可与复数名词与不可数名词连用. 2 当做某一解时,也可与单数名词连用.= a certain You will be sorry for this some day.总有一天,你会后悔这件事的. A

42、certain person has seen you break the rule.某些人不同意你的看法.注意：在肯定疑问句中用some代替any.some用于其他句式中: a.肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答时. Would you like句式中,表委婉请求或建议,如：Would you like some coffee? b.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时,如：If you need some help,let me know. c. some位于主语部分,Some students havent been there before n d.当否定的是

43、整体中的部分时,some可用于否定句.如：I havent heard from some of my old friends these years.这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信.四、any 一些 1any 多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中.当句中含有任何的意思时,any可用于肯定句.Here are three novels. You may read any.这有三本小说,你可任读一本.五、one, ones 为复数形式 ones必须和形容词连用.如果替代的名词时无形容词在前,则用some, any,而不用ones.Have you bought any rulers?Yes,I

44、ve bought some.n 代词比较辩异 one,that 和itn one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指.that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个,而it 与所指名词为同一个.I cant find my hat. I think I must buy one.我找不到我的帽子了.我想我该去买一顶.The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought.你买的那顶帽子比我买的大.I cant find my hat. I don t know where I put it.我找不到我的帽子.我不知道我把它放在哪了.n one/another/t

45、he othern one the other只有两个some the others有三个以上one another,anothersome others,othersothers = other people/thingsthe others = the rest剩余的全部1 泛指另一个用another.2 一定范围内两人,一个用one,另一个用the other.3 一定范围内三者,一个用one,另一个用one ,第三个可用the other,a third.4 一定范围内,除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others.5 泛指别的人或物时,用others当在一定范围内,除去一部分后

46、,剩余部分但不是全部时,也用others.n both, either, neither, all, any, nonen 这些词都可用作代词或形容词.其位置都在be 动词之后,行为动词之前或第一助动词之后.1both ,either, neither .以上词使用范围为两个人或物.Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明.2 both,either both与复数连用,either与单数连用. Both the boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明. Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明.

47、 There are flowers on both sides of the street. n There are flowers on either side of the street. 路边长满了野花.3 all ,any , none .以上词使用范围为三者以上. All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了. I dont like any of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢. I like none of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢.注意：all与none用法一样.跟单数名词,用单数动词；跟复数名词,用复数动词.All of the

48、 students are there.所有的学生都在那.All the milk is there.所有的牛奶都在那.n 固定搭配:only a few not a few quite a few many a Many books were sold. Many a book was sold. 卖出了许多书.第四讲动词的时态n 概念时间与时态n 时态是一种语言的手段,因语言的不同而有区别.英语时态以动词形式变化表示句中谈到的动作、状态的时间关系和说话的时间.十一种P79表格n 1 一般现在时的用法n 1 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用. 时间状语： every, so

49、metimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实. The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3 表示格言或警句中. Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败. 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时.例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.n 4 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性. I do

50、nt want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.I am doing my homework now.第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作.再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时.现在进行时现在进行时的基本用法：a. 表示现在 正在发生的事情.

51、 We are waiting for you.b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行. Mr. Green is writing another novel. She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等. The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往

52、往带有说话人的主观色彩. You are always changing your mind.典型例题 My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, dont find B. is missing, dont findC. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found. 答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时.2.不用进行时的动词1 事实状态的动词ha

53、ve, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continueI have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2 心理状态的动词Know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hateI need your h

54、elp.He loves her very much.3 瞬间动词 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse.I accept your advice.4 系动词seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turnYou seem a little tired.4.3一般过去时n 1在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态. 时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other d

55、ay, in 1982等. Where did you go just now?2表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作. When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3句型： It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了 It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了 It is time for you to go

56、to bed.你该睡觉了. It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了. would rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事 Id rather you came tomorrow.4 wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等.I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些.n 比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在.Christine was an invalid all her life. Christine has been an invali

57、d all her life. Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. 注意： 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气.1动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等.Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2情态动词 could, would.Could you lend me your bike?4.4过去进行时P108 略4.5现在完成时1现在完成时用来表示