动词时态教师版

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1、第四章动词时态现代英语语法将传统语法所说的 时态”分成了两部分： 时”和 体”时”是指谓语动词发生或存在于不同时间的变化形式，而 体”则指动作进行或处于什么状态的变化形式。英语中动词时态共16种，最常用的有8种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将 来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时。y态-现在过去将来过去将来一般do一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时进行 be doing现在进行时过去进行时完成 have done现在完成时过去完成时完成进行一、一般体(一) 一般现在时动词形式： be： am/is/aredo/does否定疑问be： be + not；be：

2、提至句首实意动词：借 don t/doesn 实意动词：借 do/does至句首I am a teacher.He is a teacher.They are teachers.I work in Beiji ng.She works in Beijing.They work in Beiji ng.1. 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomneveronce a week twice a month (用 how often 提问)every day(week, mon th, year)every

3、other day(week, mon th, year)每隔一天every two days(weeks, mon ths, year每隔两天on( at) weeke ndson SundaysI ofte n go to school by bike.2. 客观事实，普遍真理。此用法即使出现在过去语境中，也用一般现在时。Shan ghai lies in the east of China.The sun rises in the east.The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.3. 说明主语的性质、特征，能力职业及状态等。

4、She knows several la nguages.The soup tastes good.4. 格言和警句中。5. 般现在时表将来用在时间、条件状语从句中，表将来。（主将从现） we ll let you know as soon as you arrive.If it doesn ,twei ll go on a picnic as l|anned.6. 表示按时间表拟定的、安排好的活动。The train leaves Nanking at six and arrives in Beiji ng at eight.The final exam takes place next m

5、on th.The first class beg ins at 8 o clock.【注意】常用于这种情况的动词有：come, go, leave, return, take place, beg in, start等，句中常有表示将来的时间状语。（二）一般过去时动词形式：be： was/weredid否定疑问be： be + not；be： 提至句首实意动词：借didn t 实意动词：借did至句首I was a teacher.He was a teacher.They were teachers.I worked. He worked They worked. 表示过去发生的动作或存在

6、的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。I received a stra nge phone call yesterday. 时间状语： ago / a mome nt ago /a few days ago /long long ago last ni ght(week, mon th, year) yesterday / the day before yesterday just now in 1990 this morni ng the other day不久前的某一天 in the old days在过去的岁月里【注意】1)过去经常反复发生的动作，也可用 used to或would加动词

7、原形来表达，意 为：过去常常做某事或过去曾经存在过的状态。I used to go fish ing on Sun days.This river used to be clea n.（2）常用一般过去时固定句式中It is time that sb did sth是某人该干的时候了would rather（ that）sb did sth 宁愿某人去做某事if only sb did sth要是某人做某事就好了It s time that we studied harder.-Your father is in your office-I d rather he came tomorrow.

8、If only I were a bird.（三）一般将来时动词形式：will/shall （用于第一人称）+V-原形助动词否定疑问助动词will/shall + not助动词 will/shall提至句首I shall work.She will work.They will work.【注意】（1）will可用来表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势Fish will die without water.（2） will，shall表示未事先思考或未计划过的意图。will可表示说话人的主观意 愿和观点。I will an swer the phone.I hope it will be warm t

9、omorrow.时间状语：tomorrowthe day after tomorrowtomorrow morni ng（afternoo n, eve ning）next week（m on th, year）in+段时间（in two days两天后）（用how soon多久之后）提问 in the future 未来this after noon （eve ning, Sun day） from now on 从现在开始 one day, someday （未来的）某天 soo n 只要是关于以后的都可以【注意】：this morni ng过去式表示将来的五种常用非时态方式（1）be g

10、oing to+ V-原形多用在口语中，表示计划、打算或根据目前迹象推测很可能发生的事。We are going to have a meet ing toda y 今天我们开会。 Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.要下雨了。（2）be about to do/be on the point of doing表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟具体时间状语。We are about to leave我 们马上就走。（3）现在进行时表将来（见现在进行时用法）（4）般现在时表将来（见一般现在时用法）（5）be to + V-原形

11、表示按约定或按职责、义务和要求必须去做的事情。The Quee n is to visit Japa n in a week.She is to be married n ext mon th.You are to report it to the police.（四）过去将来时动词形式：would/should （用于第一人称）+V-原形助动词否定疑问助动词would/should + not助动词would/should提至句首I should work.She would work.They would work.过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。He said

12、that he would wait for me at the gate.【注意】过去将来时的其他表达方式与一般将来时一样，只是有关动词要改为过 二、进行体（一） 现在进行时动词形式： am/is/are + doing否定疑问be： be + not；be： 提至句首I am work ing.She is worki ng.They are worki ng.1. 说话时正在发生的动作。时间状语：now，at this moment,句子之前有look ！， listen!也用现在进行时。They are hav ing a football match 他们正在赛足球。Some one

13、 is ask ing for you on the phone 有人找你听电话。2. 现阶段正在进行的动作，说话时未必在进行。时间状语：this week/month/year, these days at presentPeter is work ing on a new book about stories in school.3. 与always, often， constantly, all the time等连用表示说话人的情感，如：赞 许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。He is always thi nking of others.（赞扬）Why are you always comin

14、g late for school.（批评）4. 现在进行时表将来有些动词（come, go, arrive，leave, stay等）用现在进行时表示将要发生的计 划或安排好的事情。We are leav ing for Beiji ng n ext week.【注意】有些动词不用进行时态（1） 感官类：look, smell, feel, sound, taste see, hear等The soup tastes good.（不可说： The soup is tasti ng good）Your hands feel cold.（不可说： Your hands is feeling co

15、ld.）（2） 情感类：like, love, prefer, hate, fear 等I love my dad and mum.不可说：I am loving my dad and mum.）（3）心态类： wish, hope, want, believe, think , know, need等。I don t believe my ey（s不可说：I am not believing my eyes.）（4） 表示存在状态的词：lie （位于），belong to, remain等。Those books belong to Mr. Li.（不可说: Those books are

16、belonging to Mr. Li.）（二）过去进行时动词形式： was/were + doing否定疑问be： be + not；be： 提至句首I was worki ng.She was worki ng.They were work ing.1. 表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。时间状语：at that time, at that momen, then, at five yesterday, this time yesterday I was draw ing a picture this time yesterday.When he called me I was having

17、 dinner.I was wash ing the dishes while mother was clea ning the table.2. 表示在过去某一时间段内进行的动作时间状语：the whole morni ng, from two to four yesterday after noon.I was tidy ing my bedroom the whole morning.We were work ing from two to four yesterday after noon.三、完成体（一）现在完成时动词形式：have/has done（助动词）否定疑问助动词have/

18、has + not助动词have/has提至句首I have worked.He has worked.They have worked.1. 强调不久前完成的动作对现在产生的影响。谓语用非延续性动词。时间状语：just, already, yet （用于否定和疑问句），lately, recently, in the last/past few days, up to now, so far.He has just gone out.I have already fini shed my lun ch.Have you fini shed the n ews yet?He has writt

19、e n 8 books so far.In the past few years great changes have taken place in my hometown.2. 强调直到现在为止的生活经历。时间状语：never, ever （用于否定和疑问句），（only） once, twice, three times 等，可以用how many times提问，谓语用延续性动词。He has n ever bee n late for school.-Have you ever climbed that mountain? -Yes, several times.-How many t

20、imes have you ever bee n to Beiji ng? -Only on ce.【注意】have gone to 与 have been to的区另have gone to表示去而未归，have bee n to表示去过。It can t be John. He has gone to town.John knows the way well. He has been to the city before.3. 表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，一直延续至今，可能刚刚结束也可能继续 下去。时间状语：for +时间段，since +时间点，可以用how long提问，谓语用延续性

21、 动词。-How long have you lived here? -I have lived here for about ten years.We have bee n very busy since the new term bega n.4. This/It is the first/second（that）从旬。that 从句用现在完成时。This is the first time （that） I have come here.5. It is / has bee n + 一段时间 + si nee从句，si nee从句用一般过去时。【注意】肯定句中非延续性动词不能和表示一段时

22、间的词、短语或句子连用，但在否定句 中可以用。肯定句中若有表示时间段的状语，非延续性动词要换成延续性动词。We haven t come here for ages.The rain hasn t stopped since three hours ago.I have joined the Youth volun teers.I have bee n in the Youth volun teers for five years.（误） He has come to Beijing since last year.（正） He has lived in Beijing since last

23、year.（误）He has joined the army for 3 years.（正）He joined the army 3 years ago.He has bee n a soldier for 3 years. It s 3aye since he joined the army.常见的非延续性动词变延续性动词的具体情况如下： 非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeeparrive，comestay /be here/ be inlear nknowmarrybe marriedcome backbe backleavebe awaydiebe deadbeg in

24、, startbe onfinish，endbe overjoinbe in / be afall asleep/illbe asleep/illput onwearget to knowknow（二）过去完成时 动词形式：had done（助动词）否定疑问助动词had + not助动词had提至句首I had worked.He had worked.They had worked.1. 表示动作发生在过去的过去。即：一个动作在过去某一时间或某一动作之前 已经完成。时间状语： by the end of last mon th, by the time I was five，by that

25、time 或根据上 下文提示。By the end of last month he had only finished half of the work.By the time I was five， I had started learning English.I found your coat after you had left the house.2. 表示从过去某一时间以前就已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，并有可能 继续下去。时间状语：for，si nee引导的表示时间的短语或从句连用。She said that she made much progress since she

26、came here.I had worked in a car factory for two year before I came here.3. 在宾语从句中也经常使用过去完成时，表示从句动作先于主句动作发生。I thought I had see n him before.He told his Mom that he had run out of his money to buy books.4. It was/had been + 一段时间+ since从句。Si nee从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。It was ten years since we had had such a wo

27、nderful time.5. It / That / This was the first / seco nd从句met+ah 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.That was the first time that I had passed the exam.6. 表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope, except，mean, intend，want，think，suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望。I had hoped to see more of Shan

28、 ghai我 本希望在上海多看看。I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the mome nt.I had thought you would come tomorrow 我本以为你明天才来呢。动词时态专项练习一、单项选择1. -what did Yang Yi ng say?( C )-She said theya school trip the n ext weeke nd.A. will have B. had C. would have D. have2. Your sweater looks smart. Whereyouit?

29、 ( B )A. do; get B. did; get C. will; get D. have got3.1 don t remember when and where Ithis umbrel(aD )A. buy B. have bought C. will buy D. bought4. -What s h brother?-He is a teacher. Hemaths at a school. ( C )A. taught B. has taught C. teaches D. will teach5. The clothing storea sale. The clothes

30、 there are very cheap. ( C )A. has B. had C. is hav ingD. was hav ing6. -Hello, Mary! This is Joh n. You must kn ow why Iyou. ( B )-Oh, hello, Joh n! I ve waited for this call since last mon th.A. called B. am calli ng C. was call ing D. have called7. -Where is your cous in? ( D )-Hean En glish exam

31、 now.A. has B. had C. has had D. is hav ing8. Betty will ring me up whe n shein Sha nghai.( B )A. arrive B. arrives C. arrived D. will arrive9. -Where s Lisa, Eric? ( C )Sheto the library.A. goes B. had gone C. has gone D. would go10. Our En glish teacher is very ni ce. Wefrie nds since three years

32、ago. ( C )A. were B. became C. have bee n D. have made11. -Hello, may I speak to Mr. Smith? ( B )-Sorry, he isn t in. HeofftheA. has bee n to B. has gone to C. has bee n away12. The taskin an hour. The n we can go home and have a good rest. ( B )A. was fini shedB. will be fini shedC. has been finish

33、edD. can t be finished13. -Sa ndy, I called you at 9:00 last ni ght, but no body an swered the phone. ( B )-I m sorry. Wea birthday partyJerry.A. had; with B. were hav ing; for C. are hav ing; for D. had; for14. -Did you sleep well last night? ( C )Far from that! One of my n eighborsmusic pretty lou

34、d.A. plays B. is playi ngC. was playi ng D. would play15. If Tomthe game, we ll give him a surpr(sB.)A. winB. wi nsC. won D. wi nning【强化训练】16. The supermarket isfar from Mary s house. So she only once a week. ( A )A. goes shopp ing B. has bee n there C. was shopp ing D. has gone there17. Mike, go an

35、d see whofootball on the playgro und. ( A )A. is playi ngB. plays C. played D. were playi ng18. -youto the radio? ( D )-No, you can tur n it off.A. Did; liste nB. Have; liste nC. Do; liste n D. Are; liste ning19. Our teacher, Miss Chen,English on the radio the day before yesterday. ( B )A. teaches B

36、. taught C. will teach D. had taught20. - called you at about half past eight last ni ght, but n obody an swered. ( B )-Oh, Iin my office at that time.A. will work B. was worki ng C. worked D. had worked21. -Why n ot go to see the dolphi n show with me? ( D )-Because Iit.A. saw B. will see C. see D.

37、 have see n22. -s your mother at home? ( C )-No, Sheshopp ing.A. has been to B. goes C. has gone D. has been in23. I m sorry you ve missed the train. Itte0 agnu( A )A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been away24. -Do you kn ow Jack well?( D )-Certa in ly. Wefrie nds since ten years ago.A. were B

38、. have made C. have become D. have bee n25. How many timesyouto Beiji ng this year? ( A )A. have; bee nB. had; bee n C. have; gone D. had; gone26. When I got there, hethem to dance. ( C )A. is teach ing B. teaches C. was teach ing D. taught27. -The train is leaving right now, but David hasn t arrive

39、d yet. ( C )-Well, he said hehere on time.A. came B. will be C. would come D. can be28. -Excuse me, look at the sig n NO PHOTOS! ( B )-Sorry, Iit.A. don t see B. didn t seeC. haven t seenD. won t see29. -Hurry up! It s time to leave(. A )_Ok.A. I m coming B. I ll come C. I ve come D. I come30. There

40、a football game betwee n Italy and Germa ny tomorrow morning. ( B )A. has B. is going to be C. will have D. has bee n31.1 will tell him as soo n as heback ( B )A. come B. comes C. will come D. came32. Maryon shoes whe n shethem. ( A )A. tries buyB. tries buieC. trys buysD. trys buies33. your mothers

41、ome clea ning on Sun days? ( C )A. Does does B. Do does C. Does do D. Do do34. Well go to play with snow if ittomorrow. ( B )A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed35. Some arein the river and some aregames. ( C )A. swiming playing B. swimming plaiingC. swimming playing D. swiming plaing36. Look ! T

42、he boy stude nts arefootball while the girls are. ( B )A. play ingdan cB play ing dancingC. play dancingD. play dance37. Mr. Smithshort stories, but hea TV play these days. ( C )A. is writingis writinB. is writingwritesC. writes is writ in gD. writes writes38. Ito the cin ema. Ithere every Sun day.

43、( B )A. go go B. am going go C. go am going D. am goingam going39. Whe n youat the door, Isome washi ng. ( C )A. knocked didB. was knocking didC. knocked was doing D. knock am doing40. The boyEn glish on the radio whe n Ihis door. ( B )A. lear ned wope ning B. was lear ningope nedC. lear ned ope ned

44、D. is lear ningope n41. While mothersome wash in g, Ia kite for Peter. ( C )A. did madeB. was doing madeC. was doing was making D. did was making42. Hea model pla ne whe n I came to see him. ( C )A. makes B. is maki ng C. was mak ing D. made43. Ia letter at nine last ni ght. ( B )A. is writi ngB. wa

45、s writ ing C. wrote D. is writ ing44. The teacherus a history less on whe n Tom walked in to the classroom. ( D )A. gave B. is giving C. was given D. was giving45. There will be a football match in two days, that is.( D )A. last Sun dayB. n ext Sun dayC. every Sun day D. this Sun day46. Weclass meet

46、 ing this November. ( C )A. had B. have C. will have D. are having47. Hein his garde n every morning n ext year. ( A )A. will work B. works C. worked D. is worki ng48. Look at those clouds. Itsoon, Im afraid. ( A )A. is going to rain B. is raining C. will rain D. wont rain49. Heto draw horses alread

47、y. Whenhe? Last year. ( D )A. lear ned hasB. lear ned didC. has lear ned has D. has lear neddid50. Tomup into the tree. Look, hehigh up there ! ( A )A. has got is B. has climbed wasC. got was D. climbed is51. youthe text yet ? Yes, weit two hours ago. ( C )A. Did copydidB. Have copied haveC. Have co

48、pied did D. Did -copy-had52. youthe film before ? Whereyouit ? ( A )A. Have seen did see B. Did see-die watchC. Have seen have seenD. Did seehaveseen53. WhereJohn? To the library. Hethere for an hour. ( B )A. hasbeen has gone B. has gonehas beenC. did go wentD. did bewent54. the baby still? No, itcr

49、ying. ( D )A. Has cried has stoppedB. Is crying stoppedC. Did cry stoppedD. Is crying - has stopped55. Ithe way. Ihere for quite many years. ( C )A. knew have livedB. knew - liveC. know have livedD. know - live56. you everAmerica ? Yes, I have. ( C )A. Have gone toB. Have gone inC. Have been toD. Ha

50、ve been in57. By the time Iback theyup ten metres. ( B )A. came - - have climbedB. came - had climbedC. come - - have climbedD. had come - climbed58. Jackover five less ons by seve n oclock. Then hea test. ( C )A. went tookB. went - had takenC. had gone took D. had gone daaken59. Ihim a sec ond lett

51、er before Ifrom him. ( C )A. wrote heardB. wrote had heardC. had writte n heard D. have writte n hear60. The Gree nsChi na for five years. ( B )A. has bee n in B. have bee n in C. went to D. has gone to 二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文意义完整。A woman came out of her door and saw three old men sitting in front of

52、her house,She _1(in vite) them in to have somethi ng to eat.“We _2(go)into a house together, ” they replied.“Why is that? ” she asked.One of the old men pointed to one of his friends and said,_3 “ His name(be)Wealth(). ” Then he pointed to the other man,“ He is Success, and I am Love. Nowgo in and d

53、iscuss with your family: which one of us do you want in your house?”The woma n went in and told her husba nd what4_ (happe n). Her husba ndwas very happy. “ How ni ce! He said. ”“ Let us in vite Wealth. ” Let him come and fiour home with wealth! ”The woman disagreed, “ My dear, why don t we inviteSu

54、ccessTheir daughter5_ (jump) in with her idea,“ Why not in vite Love? Our home_6(be)filled with love the n!”“That s a good ideajd thehusband to the woman.“ Go out and invite Love tobe our guest. ”The woma n went out and in vite Love in. Love _7(get)up and started walk ingtoward the house. The other

55、two old men also got up and followed him. Surprised, thewoman asked them, “I only invited Love. Why are _8(come)in? ”The old men replied together,“If you in vite Wealth or Success, the other two ofus9_ (stay) outside, but since you in vited Love, wherever he10_ (go), wewill go with him. ” Wherever there istiLorvei,s also Wealth and Success.答案：1. invited 2. don t/ won tds4. (had) happened5.jumped6. will be 7. got i ng 9. will stay 10. goes