人教版新目标八年级上册_英语语法知识及练习

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1、-人教版新目标八年级上册 英语语法知识点精讲+练习（一） 一般将来时一般将来时表示将来*个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, ne*t year, ne*t month, ne*t week, in 100 years等。 be going to do动词原形构造：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do构造表示将来的用法：1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain You will feel better af

2、ter a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow 根本构成如下：一般疑问句构成：1will+主语+do Will Sarah e to visit me ne*t Sunday 2there be 构造的一般疑问句：Will there + be Will there be fewer trees Yes, there will. / No, there wont否认句构成：will + not wont+do Sarah wont

3、e to visit me ne*t Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成：特殊疑问词will主语.What will Sarah do ne*t Sunday 根据例句，用will改写以下各句例：I dont feel well today. be better tomorrowIll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has si* classes today. have a lot of homework tonight _ 2. Im tired now. sleep later _ 3. My parents need a new car.buy one soon _

4、 4. We cant leave right now. leave a little later _ 5. The weather is awful today. be better tomorrow _答案：1. Shell have a lot of homework tonight. 2. Ill sleep later. 3. Theyll buy one soon. 4. Well leave a little later. 5. Maybe itll be better tomorrow. 二should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否认句直接在sho

5、uld后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。 Students shouldnt spend too much time playing puter games. 学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。学习向别人提建议的几种句式：1I think you should2Well, you could3Maybe yo

6、u should 4Why dont you 5What about doing sth. 6Youd better do sth. 用should或shouldnt填空 1. I cant sleep the night before e*ams. You _ take a warm shower before you go to bed. 2. Good friends _ argue each other. 3. There is little milk in the glass. We _ buy some. 4. They didnt invite you Maybe you _ b

7、e friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _ do e*ercises every day. 答案：1. should2. shouldnt3. should4. should5. should三过去进展时过去进展时表示过去*一点时间正在进展的动作或者过去*一段时间内一直进展的动作。 1. 构成 was /were + doing，例如：I was watching TV at 9 oclock last night. at 9 oclock last night是时间点They were playing footb

8、all all afternoon. all afternoon是时间段 2. 过去进展时的标志词at 8 oclock last night, this time yesterday等。例如： I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。练习用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. This time yesterday I _ _readbooks. 2. At 9 oclock l

9、ast Sunday they _ _havea party. 3. When I _einto the classroom, she _ _reada storybook. 4. She _ _playputer games while her mother _ _cookyesterday afternoon. 5. I _ _havea shower when you _callme yesterday. 答案：1. was reading2. were having3. came; was reading4. was playing; was cooking5. was having;

10、 called四间接引语形成步骤：1不要逗号，冒号，引号 2要考虑到人称的变化人称的变化与汉语是一致的3要考虑时态的变化 4要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。 1. 直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时现在进展时过去进展时 2. 直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律直接引语 1. am / is 2. are 3. have / has4. will5. can6. may间接引语1. was2. were 3. had4. would5. could6. might*练一练*用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.

11、 She said I _behard-working. 2. Peter told me he _bebored yesterday. 3. She said she _goswimming last Sunday. 4. Bobby said he _maycall me later. 5. Antonio told me he _reada book then. 答案：1. was2. was3. went4. might5. was reading请转述他人说的话： 1. I go to the beach every Saturday. Tom 2. I can speak thre

12、e languages. Lucy 3. I will call you tomorrow. Mike 4. Im having a surprise party for Lana. she五if引导的条件状语从句构造：if一般现在时，主语将来 含义：如果，将要例如：If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你请求他，他会帮助你。If need be, well work all night. 如果需要，我们就干个通宵。*练一练* 根据中文提示，完成句子。 1. 如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。If you _ the party, you _. 2. 如果明天

13、下雨，我们将不去野餐。 If it _ tomorrow, we _. 3. 如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。 If you often _, you _. 答案： 1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time 2. If it rains tomorrow, we wont go to the piic 3. If you often listen to English songs, youll like English 二. 完形填空特点及解题思路一题型分类与特点完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉假设干个词，留下一

14、些空格，要求考生借助短文保存的局部，从所给的短文整体出发，在正确理解短文意思的根底上，根据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等，用适当的词或词语填空，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、构造完整。这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空，但它必须注意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法构造正确，所以在空格上所填的词必须符合语义适用和语法正确两条原则，只考虑*一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基此题型分两类：完形填空选择题和完形填空题。 1. 完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中假设干词语抽掉留下空格，对每一空格提供假设干个选择项，要求考生通读短文后，在理解短文意思

15、的根底上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识，从所提供的备选项中选出一个最正确答案，使短文内容完整正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易程度相当，字数在150200个单词之内，多数设置10个左右空格，所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以期提供一个语境，对每一空格设置的选项根本都属于一样或对等的词类，给判定选择带来一定的干扰，侧重考察了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。 2. 选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序，不按原文顺序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框内，有时还增加几个文外的词，要求考生从中选出

16、适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内。A Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase 短语have a day off. He 2 , then he had an idea. Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 he asked the teacher. Of course, you can. replied 答复the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teachers

17、 door. May I have a day off 5 The teacher was very surprised, Didnt you 6 it just now Yes, sir. But I cant be here 7 , either. The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, Why didnt you sayMay I have two days off The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. But you only 1

18、0 ushave a day off! 1. A. butB. andC. orD. for2. A. thought hardlyB. thought hard and hardC. hard thought D. thought and thought3. A. MissB. sirC. teacherD. Mr4. A. strikeB. bestC. hitD. knock5. A. alsoB. againC. tooD. once6. A. speakB. tellC. sayD. do7. A. tomorrowB. the day after tomorrow C. yeste

19、rdayD. the day before yesterday8. A. laughB. to laughC. laughedD. laughing9. A. withB. onC. inD. by10. A. teachB. taughtC. are teachingD. were teachingB请根据内容从所给的15个单词中选出最恰当的10个填入空白处，使短文完整，有些词要根据需要作适当的词形变化。than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, position, understand, to, that, much, for, what

20、 A generation gap 代沟has bee a serious problem. I read a _1about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _2after quarrels 争吵with parents. I think this is _3they dont have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _4time in the office. _5they dont have much time to stay with their children

21、. As time passes, they both feel _6they dont have the same topics话题to talk about. I want to _7parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _8your parents. They are the people who _9you. So tell them your thoughts 想法. In this way, yo

22、u can have a better _10of each other. 实战操练答题时间：80分钟一. 选择填空。1. Beijing won the chances _ the 2021 Olympics. A. to hostB. hostC. hostingD. hosted2. Tiger Woods can make billions _ dollars a year. A. forB. withC. ofD. on3. You looked so beautiful at the party. _. A. No, I dont think soB. Of courseC. Th

23、ank you very muchD. No, Im not beautiful4. The te*t is very easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a fewB. a littleC. fewD. little5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper _ Who Moved My cheesewas an interesting book. A. thatB. whatC. howD. if6. In our English study reading is more in

24、teresting than speaking, I think. I dont agree. Speaking is _ reading. A. as important asB. so important as C. the more importantD. the most important7. If he _ harder, hell catch up with us. A. workB. worksC. workedD. will work8. The manager _ that the business would be worse after the stock 股票went

25、 down. A. talkedB. toldC. saidD. spoke9. We should keep _ in the reading-room. A. quietB. quietlyC. quiteD. quickly10. I think everything goes on well. _. A. So I doB. I do soC. So do I D. So is I 11. If you want to watch TV, you may turn _. A. downB. it onC. on itD. it off12. Im sorry I havent got

26、any money. Ive _ my handbag at home. A. missedB. leftC. putD. forgotten13. He is listening to the music _ she is washing clothes. A. afterB. beforeC. thatD. while14. It takes _ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train. A. moreB. fewerC. longerD. less15. E*cuse me. Have you got an eraser Sorry, I

27、 havent. Why _ you ask Mary Perhaps shes got one. A. doB. dontC. didD. didnt二. 选择恰当的答语。_1. What were you doing when the UFO landed A. Your teacher wont let you in. _2. Will people use paper money in the futureB. He said I couldnt stay out late. _3. I cant sleep, what should I do C. I was doing my ho

28、mework. _4. If I wear jeans to school, what will happenD. No, they wont. Everyone , will have a credit card._5. What did your father say E. You should listen to some rela*ing music. 三. 根据汉语提示填空： 1. 不知道该怎么办，你能给我点建议吗. I dont know _ to do, can you give me some _ 2. 外星人正在买纪念品的时候，我给警察打了个。 While the alien

29、 was _ a souvenir, I _ the police. 3. 我放学回家的路上，看见一只猫从窗户里跑了出来。 On my way home from school, I saw a cat get _ _ a window. 4. 我不想在里跟你谈论这件事情。 I dont want to talk _ it with you _ the phone. 5. 我们要在周五晚上为约翰举办一个惊喜的晚会。 We are going to have a _ party for John _ Friday evening. 四. 完形填空：把下面五个句子放在文章中的恰当位置，使文章完整。

30、 Three men went up in a balloon气球. They started early in London. The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio. 1 Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope 绳子, and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal bo*.

31、 This could hold water, or it could be empty. So 2 . It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand. After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and 3 . The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the mens basket, and they could see more s

32、now on the ground. 4 , but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so they had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice. At last they pulled the bo* i

33、nto the basket. It was still snowing; so 5 . They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometres from London! A. The men tried to throw out some more sand B. they were able to

34、change its weight 重量C. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way. D. they climbed to get away from the snow E. the air there was very cold 五. 阅读理解AEinstein Was Waiting for His Friend Once Einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a bridge. He was thinking a oblem. While he was w

35、aiting, it began to rain. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write something down, the paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining. His clothes had bee wet. But after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rai

36、n again. Many scientists are not careful with their lives. This is because they are too careful with their studies. 1. What did Einstein do He was _. A. a doctorB. a teacherC. a scientist 2. Why was Einstein on a bridge. A. Because he was writing something on the bridge. B. Because he was waiting fo

37、r a friend. C. Because he was thinking. 3. It rained _. A. sometimesB. for some timeC. for a long time 4. Einstein _ and began to write something on it. A. bought a piece of paper. B. took a piece of paper from his car. C. took out a piece of paper from his pocket. 5. Which is true A. Einstein was c

38、areful with his work. B. Einstein was careful with his clothes. C. Einstein was careful with his friends. B生活中总会有许多意外事故发生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。请阅读下面材料，根据15小题所描述的救护方法，从A-G七幅图中找出与题意相应的图画此题共有七幅图，你只能选五幅图，多项选择不给分。 1. If the person has stopped breathing, you must try to start his / her breathing at once. The bes

39、t thing is to use the mouth-to-mouth way. Lay the person on his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth. 2. If the person is bleeding 流血badly, you must try to stop the bleeding. Press on the bleeding point with a piece of clean cloth and hold up the part of the body which is bleeding. 3. If you

40、are bitten cut by teethby an animal, wash the cut under cold running water. Cover the broken part, if there is any, with a piece of clean cloth. Then see a doctor as soon as possible. 4. If you are burnt hurt by fire or something very hot, cool the burnt part at once. Run cool not coldwater over the

41、 burn until it is less painful. Then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the burnt part. 5. If there is a fire, never use a lift in the building, because its very dangerous. The lift may get trapped between floors. Use the stairs and leave the building at once. 1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _Here are some pict

42、ures to choose. 六. 写作：从以下2封来信中选择一封写回信。Dear friend, There will be a party this weekend. All my friends are invited to the party e*cept me. I am angry. And I dont know why they didnt invite me! What do you think Can you help me UpsetDear friend, I am a new student in Grade One, but my English is too b

43、ad. Yesterday I had an English test and my grade was just so so. I want to improve my English. What should I do Could you give me some advice Looking for helpDear _, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 【试题答案】A1. A2. D3. B4. D5. B6. C7. B8. D9. C10. BB1. report2. themselves3. because4. much / more5. So6. that7. tell 8.

44、to9. love10. understanding参考练习答案：一. 1. A2. C3. C4. C5. D6. A7. B8. C9. A10. C 11. B12. B13. D14. D15. B二. 1. C2. D3. E4. A5. B三. 1. what, advice2. buying, called 3. out, of4. about, on5. surprise, on 四. 1. C2. B3. E4. D5. A五. A1. C2. B3. B4. C5. AB1. C2. B3. F4. G5. E完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是： 1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握

45、大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的根底上才开场判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。 2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的根底上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法构造和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子构造入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进展综合考虑，对备选项逐一进展分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。 3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。比照拟明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案

46、先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。 4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法构造是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。完形填空试题的一般解题思路是： 1. 跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、

47、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文主题及大意。 2. 复读短文、确定语义、判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。 3. 三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。把所填的答案放入短文中进展检验，可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法构造是否正确无误等进展综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。三课文阅读指导 1. 初中阅读阅读理解能力1理解主旨要义2理解文中具体信息3根据上下文猜测生词的意义4做出简单判断的推理5理解文章的根本构造6理解作者的意图和态度 2. 培养良好阅读习惯1扩大视距2抑制声读3抑制逐字读 3. 猜测词文1通过标题或主题句进展预测2文章的标题或主题句可包括作者的意图和倾向、篇章的总体意义和深层意义，因此通过文章标题或主题句进展预测，以便正确理解。3通过语篇标记进展预测4语篇标记包括关联词、转换词也包括其他关键词。5利用背景知识预测6利用图片进展预测. z.