商务英语函电语言特点及其在国际贸易中的应用

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1、. -外贸英语函电的语言特点及其在国际贸易中的应用Linguistic feature of correspondence for foreign trade and its application in international trade摘要: 文章主要分为两个局部论述，第一局部主要解释外贸英语函电的意义并举例说明它的其语言特点，突出其是一种具有极强特殊性及实用性的行业英语的性质，接着阐述外贸英语函电的重要性，指出外贸英语函电已经成为在对外贸易中不可或缺的重要组成局部；第二局部阐述外贸英函电在国际贸易中的应用，指明它是本钱最低、最常见、也最有效的通讯手段之一，主要从4个方面展开讨论，分别

2、是可以搭建新的贸易关系、可以快速高效传递信息和数据、可以作为责任划分的依据、可以维持贸易双方良好的合作关系。最后还提倡应选择性地使用外贸英语函电。Abstract:This article is mainly divided into two part for discussion,the first partis talking aboutthe meaning of foreign trade correspondence and its linguistic feature by e*amples in which a characteristic of professional Eng

3、lish with its e*tremely strong specialty and practicalitywill bestood out.This will be followed by a description of importance of foreign trade correspondence and point out it has bee a indispensable ponent in international trade;The second part only puts emphasis on the foreign trade correspondence

4、s application in international trade.it is one of the most mon ,the most effect and the most shortest cost means of munication.There are 4 points supporting the second part :building new trade relationship;sending or receiving information and documents in the fast and efficient way;being an evidence

5、 to split responsibility;maintaining a better relationship between two parties.in the last ,the author suggests selectively using foreign trade correspondence .关键词：外贸英语函电；国际贸易；电子Key words:foreign trade correspondence;international trade;前言introduction随着全球经济一体化和高新技术的迅猛开展，世界经济体系的日益完善，中国对外贸易的活动也越来越频繁。现

6、如今，各国进出口企业除了通过见面或打，工作越来越多地通过外贸信函来完成。这就要求我们掌握外贸英语函电的特点和写作技能，充分发挥他们在国际商务活动中的效用。另一方面，外贸英语函电特别是电子以其价格低廉、使用方便、传递及时、功能多样等优势使得国际贸易的开展更加多元化、高效化、自由化。不仅如此，正确地使用外贸英语函电还可以提升可信度、增进贸易关系、影响他人，进而为企业赢得更多的贸易时机，实现自身的价值。为了适应新形势的开展和用人单位对从业人员的要求，我们不仅要懂得外贸英语函电的语言特点，更重要的是要准确熟练地加以运用。In the background of economic globalizati

7、on，the rapid development of high technology and increasingly improvement of world economic system,Chinas foreign trade activities are more frequent than ever.Today, a trend of using correspondence is more popular in globalimporting or e*porting enterprises other than meeting or calling.Therefore we

8、are requested to grasp the characteristic and writing skill of foreign trade correspondence to gain the full benefits of using them in the international trade.In the other hand,foreign trade correspondence,especially Email,have their advantages of low-cost,convenience,timely transmitting and multifu

9、nction which made the establishment of foreign trade more multi plural efficient and free.Moreover,correctly using of correspondence can catch more trade opportunity and realize oneself value through its effects of upgrading credibility,promoting business relationship and influencing surroundings.It

10、 has to be clear the importance of accurately using correspondence as well as understanding its feature,that is e*actly the request of employers under the new international business environment.外贸英语函电的语言特点Linguistic features of foreign trade correspondence1.1外贸函电过去指的是国际贸易中往来的商业书信和电报、电传。随着科技的开展，特别是互联

11、网技术的长足开展，电报已经成为历史，电传也已经很难寻觅踪迹。替而代之的是今天的 和电子外贸函电。所以今天的的外贸英语函电是指在商务环境下不同文化背景的贸易双方通过信函、 和电子进展书面交流的行为。而函电中所使用的英语是一种带有浓重商务色彩的、应用性很强的行业英语。Foreign business correspondence was referred to mercial letters,telegram or tele* which e*tensively used in the past international trade.With the development of technol

12、ogy,especially in the considerable field of internet ,telegram have bee the old history,tele* are also barely used and subsequently fa* and emails took their position today.So nowadays foreign trade correspondence can be seen as a tool of written munication by lettes,fa*es and emails that trade part

13、ies with the different cultural background adopted in the business environment.Whats more,foreign correspondence English is the professional Englishofdeep business colour and applicability.1.2外贸英语函电作为商务英语的使用功能变体之一，不仅继承了商务英语所具有的一切特点，而且也因着其特殊的用途存在自身独有的语言特点。Foreign business correspondencenot only copie

14、s all of characteristic of business English but also e*ists its own language feature according to its special uses because of being one of applicable and functional variant of business English.1.2.1外贸函电实际上就是商务英语的写作。在撰写商务信函的时候，都应遵循5C原则，即意义明晰clarity、用词简洁conciseness、礼貌周到courtesy、信息完整pleteness、语言正确corre

15、ctness。新编商务英语写作2宏观上来说任何一封出色的商务信函都会具备以上5个特点。举例说明如下：Foreign trade correspondence actually can be deemed as foreign business English writing.It is called 5C rulesclarity，conciseness，courtesy，pleteness and correctness that writing a foreign business letter should ply.Say from macroscopic that every e*ce

16、llent foreign business letter will have these 5 characteristic.For e*amples: A BRender Give Finalize FinishDemonstrate Show 意义明晰clarity撰写信函时，鉴于收信人的英文水平各不一样，为了防止造成收件人的误解，我们就要使用常见且通俗易懂的词语。上述B组的用词比A组用词更容易使读者理解。写信人使用清晰的表达和简单易懂的词汇是使他人明白自己意思的明智做法。Claritywe need to use mon and easy to understand words to a

17、void the recipients misunderstanding while creating a correspondence in view of each recipients English level are not identical.As the above-mentioned,group Bs words are more understandable than group As.So it is wise to use simple e*pression and oral words to be well understood by others. A B At th

18、is time Now e to a decision Decide For the purpose For 用词简洁conciseness以上例如中B组的表达显然比A组的表达简短。通过这种简洁的交流方式可以直接减少写信人和收信人的时间和本钱，所以在外贸函电中应尽量防止使用复杂难懂的商业术语。ConscisenessIt is not hard to find group Bs e*pression are apparently more simple and shorter than group As.Adopting concise munication form could direct

19、ly save time and cost of senders and receivers, Using plicated mercial termswill never bee the first choice when writing a foreign trade correspondence. A BWe can not deliver. I am afraid we can not deliver.You ought to have accepted. It seems to us that you ought to . 礼貌周到courtesy外贸英语函电经常会有类似于B组的句式

20、表达.在国际贸易中买卖双方难免会有产生分歧或者无法满足对方要求的情况，也或者是向对方提出*种意见，在这种情况下，如果使用A组句式会让对方感到被命令或者被强迫，而B组的句式相对婉转和礼貌，更能表达发件人的愿望，诚意或者是歉意。CourtesyIt always had been emerging of sentence e*pression like group B in foreign trade correspondence.Disagreement will occasionally e out between traders,or one party is unable to meet

21、the requirement of the other party,or one will make suggestions to the other one which those scenes are not rare to see in the international trade. If,under these circumstances,using group Bs sentence pattern,it will make receivers feel being ordered or pelled.On the contrary,using mild and indirect

22、 sentence like group B can to a large e*tent convey senders hope,sincere or apology. 信息完整pleteness主要表达在答复的内容上.在编辑函电时应尽可能一一答复发件人的所有问题及针对贸易中可能出现的各种状况给出提示等。 pletenessthis characteristic will be reflected in the containing of response.It has to,if possible, include every answer questioned by senders and

23、 give instructions aboutpredictable situations or else while creating a foreign trade correspondence. A B This product is absolutely This product is the best one The best on the market we can offer 语言正确correctness外贸函电中语言正确不仅是指语法构造的正确，拼写及书写内容的正确,同时还应注意语言使用的是否得当，上述例如中B组的语句准确表达了卖方提供了最优质的产品给买方，而A组的表达稍显浮

24、夸。B组的句子增加了卖方的可信度。CorrectnessLinguistically correct in foreign trade correspondence not only refers to use grammar and structure rightly,but also optimum language using should be taken into considerable account. pared with group As sentence with too much e*aggeration,group Bs sentence precisely tell

25、the seller have offered their goods with the most highest quality to their buyer.Obviously group B helped to add credibility of seller.1.2.2外贸英语函电的语言特点除了宏观上表达在5C原则之外，微观上还可划分为以下几点。Linguistic feature of foreign trade correspondence also can be e*plained on microscopic level beyond the 5C rules on macr

26、oscopic aspect.A、称呼语、完毕语及句法表达的固定。Dear Mr Homes,How are you doing.Dear Miss Watson,Wish you a nice day.当我们看到以这种形式开头的称呼语时，大多数人都会不自觉地认为这是一封信函。无疑我们的感觉是正确的。为什么人们会有这种感觉呢.原因是我们都知道这是英文信函的习惯表达。亦如，完毕语中yours respectfully /yours sincerely/Kind Regards等，还有正文中的固定表达，如the attached pls find .,We look forward to rece

27、iving your reply soon,This is to confirm your dated.国际商务函电像这种表达在外贸英文函电中是屡见不鲜的，都是向对方表示尊重的习惯用法。鉴于外贸函电是公文性质的信函，一方面惯用句式是在长久的国际贸易交流中衍生出来的，另一方面使用惯用句式有利于读者更准确的理解句意。相反，在日常会话中一般是不会使用到这些表达法的。Inertia of salutation,ending and sentence. Dear Mr Homes,How are you doing.Dear Miss Watson,Wish you a nice dayMost of

28、people will unconsciously feel what they are seeing is a letterwhen these sentences reflect in their eyes,and it is undoubtedly right.But why do people feel this wayThe answer is we all know those are nail household in correspondence such as yours respectfully /yours sincerely/Kind Regards in the en

29、ds and constant sentences as the attached pls find .,We look forward to receiving your reply soon,This is to confirm your dated.国际商务函电in the body.The above-mentioned fi*ed usages arevastly fooding in foreign trade correspondence and more important is by inertial usage of salutation,ending and senten

30、ce can fully e*press respect.Given that foreign trade correspondence is official letter,so the inertial usage have been formed in the long history of international businessmunication,on the other hand,by using fi*ed sentence pattern can facilitate correctly understanding.However,we generally will no

31、t use these e*pression in daily conversation.B、外贸英文函电高频词汇的出现。函电的内容决定词汇出现频率的上下。外贸英文函电在具有极强专业性质的同时也揭露了自身语言使用的局限性。外贸函电是在商务背景下与客户沟通的，函电内容总是离不开询价，报盘，订货，签约，包装，装运，保险等话题，因此与这些话题有关的词汇便经常出现在往来的函电中，并会一直成为双方交流的话题。而这也正是外贸英文函电与日常书信的不同之处。Emergence of high-frequent words in foreign trade correspondenceThe contents

32、of correspondence decide the using frequency of vocabulary.It has to point out that foreign trade correspondence got its linguistic constrain of language use as well as have strong nature of profession.Foreign trade correspondence usually municates with customers under the background of business,as

33、a result,correspondence content is always inseparable from the topic of inquiry,quotation,ordering,contract,pack,shipping,insurance, etc.Therefore words related to these topics usually will be usually used in the lettersand be the topic between tradersmunication.That is e*actly the difference from d

34、aily letters.C、缩写词的大量使用。高效、快捷、便利已经成为现代人追求的生活方式，在竞争剧烈的商业场上表现更为明显。随着时代的变迁，国际贸易呈现出一片繁荣的景象。商业英语的语言也不停地随之消失与更新。就好似电子中大量涌现的缩写词已经成为现代外贸英语的代表之一。缩写词一般是由几个大写字母组成，也有大写字母与标点符号共同组成的情况。例如： A B ASAP as soon as possible PI proforma invoice O/C order confirmation C.C carbon copy P.S. postscript这些缩写词经常会出现在往来的电子中，比起函电

35、内容，似乎缩写词更能吸引收件人的眼球。缩写词的新颖与充满个性的形式不但减少撰写函电的时间，还能赢得读者的信任感，同时，也给电子的内容增添了几分活力，也容易使收件人对你中所发出的信息印象深刻。随着社会的进步与开展，人类对个性化的追求，相信更多的缩写词会相继出现。作为一名专业的外贸从业人员，如果不懂缩写词的使用，又怎么跟得上时代的步伐呢.Plenty use of abbreviationsEfficient,fast,convenient have bee a new life style pursued by modern people which have been surely and t

36、otally agreed inthe fiercely petitive field of business.With these years past,international trade havepresented a booming signs.As a consequence of that,business English language formed a constantly circle of disappearance and update just as the abbreviations largely poured into Emails have bee one

37、of modern foreign business English representatives.Abbreviations are generally posed of several capital letters or sometimes posed of capitals and punctuation.Such as below: A B ASAP as soon as possible PI proforma invoice O/C order confirmation C.C carbon copy P.S. postscriptThese abbreviations are

38、 often used in Emails and it seems like the receivers eyes are very attracted by abbreviations paring with the content.Abbreviation with its novelty and absolute personality not only can save time of making correspondence but also can gain more trust from receivers.Meanwhile,it adds Email some vital

39、ity and help leaveing a deep impression of information to others.With societys progress and development and in terms of human pursue to personality,more abbreviation will consequently e out.So here a question is how we can keep our pace with the Age as a foreign business professionals if we dont kno

40、w the usage of abbreviation.尽管我们不具备100%出色的表达能力，但是通过对外贸英语函电特点的了解并结合实际情况是可以弥补表达能力上的缺乏。如今，撰写外贸函电是一种最常见的商务活动，它可以帮助我们到达商业目的，也可以让我们知道函电作为交流工具的重要性。只有认真研究它的语言特点才能最大化的发挥它的作用。Even though we dont have 100 percent e*cellent ability of e*pression,it can be made up by understanding the feature of foreign trade co

41、rrespondence and connecting with the practical situation.Nowadays,write the foreign trade correspondence is the most mon business activity,it can help us to reach business goals and also can let us know the importance of using correspondence as a tool of munication.Only get to know the correspondenc

42、es language nature can we ma*imize its effect.二、外贸英文函电在国际贸易中的应用Foreign trade correspondences application in the international trade2.1国际贸易不同于我国内部企业之间的合作，企业之间不可能总是面对面的进展交流，毕竟本钱和时间是决定经济利润的最关键因素之一。而传统贸易通讯方式的繁琐，必然会阻碍各国之间贸易的开展及贸易全球化进程的速度。外贸英语函电的优势在于它抑制了时间和空间的限制，简化了贸易活动中的繁杂程序，节约了交易本钱费用，提高了交易的速度，保障了交易的平安进展

43、，有效的防止了数据的丧失和毁坏。现代外贸英语函电的迅速开展，成为企业进入国际市场的有效手段，在节约贸易双方交易本钱的同时，还可以到达宣传企业的目的。外贸英文函电也正是因着其自身的种种优势受到了国际社会的普遍认可。International trade is different from the cooperation between domestic enterprises.Because it is not possible to municate face to face for saving cost and timewhich is one of the most crucial fa

44、ctors of controlling economic profit between international traders。Furthermore,if using traditional means of munication, it will inevitably block the mercial development between countries and the progress of economic globalization because of its plicated procedure.The advantages of foreign trade cor

45、respondence are eliminating the limit of time and space,simplifying the ple* procedures in the international trade,saving cost,boosting the speed of transaction,ensuring the security of trading,avoiding the data loss and damage,etc. In view of the rapidly development of foreign trade correspondence,

46、 it has been used as an effective tool of entering into international market.Apart from saving traderscost,it can achieving the aim of publicizing cooperates as well.Foreign trade correspondence was e*tensively recognised by international munity because of its own advantages.A可以搭建新的贸易关系。Setting up n

47、ew trade relations随着互联网等通信技术的快速开展，外贸函电已成为买卖双方建立对外贸易关系和外贸往来的重要手段。国内企业与国外客户建立贸易关系一般都是通过网络搜索；请国外银行介绍客户；请国内贸易促进机构或商会介绍关系如贸促会；通过国内外展会交易建立关系；请我驻外使馆商务处或外国驻华使馆介绍对象；利用国内外专业咨询公司介绍客户外贸英语函电贾和平，黄梨，赵曙亚，经济科学24页等渠道外贸英语函电，而中介机构不会无偿永久地为买卖双方搭建贸易关系，因此在得知对方大概情况后，贸易方为了表达贸易意图就要寻找一个适宜的方式与对方联系。函电以快捷，本钱低的特点成为了贸易方的首选。可以说一封充满尊

48、敬和谦虚及布局精良的外贸函电比更能够引起对方的注意。而且，函电是将要表达的内容撰写完整之后再发送给对方，所以一般不会出现遗漏要呈现的信息的情况，既不会给收件人造成不便，也不会使发函人遭到被当场拒绝的为难。另外函电却可以做到24小时的全天候不连续的效劳，对于任何客户在任何地方、任何时间的回复及问题都可以及时给出答复，更有利于推进双方贸易关系的建立。With the rapid development of telemunication technology especially internet tech,Foreign trade correspondence have bee the imp

49、ortant means of building relations and handling deals between international traders.Domestic panies will usually find foreign customers by sources such as web searching system,asking help from foreign banks,asking assistance from domestic trade promotion agencies or Chamber of merce such as CCPIT,at

50、tending e*hibitions held by home or foreign countries,asking help from our embassies mercial service or foreign embassies,paying domestic or foreign professional consulting panies,etc.However,these intermediary agencies will not offer their services permanently without fees.So traders,who want to bu

51、ild business connection with foreign panies,will have to find appropriate contacts after getting the information of foreign panies.Most of tradersfirst choice will be correspondence because it is fast and economic.Maybe we can say a correspondence with full respect or humility and well-constructed l

52、ayout could be more probable to attract the attention of the others.At the same time,a correspondence is usually fully prepared and sent to receivers,so there is generally no situations of omitting information to be presented or no inconvenience to receivers or no embarrassing for being quickly reje

53、cted either.In addition,Correspondence could provide live information 24 hours a day,which is possible to timely reply to customers anywhere or any time, forpromoting new trade relationsestablishment.B可以快速高效传递信息和数据。Fast and efficiently transmit information and data国内贸易与国际贸易的主要区别之一便是单据的使用。发出的每一票货都必须有

54、正确的单据，如合同、商业发票、装箱单、提单、保险单、产地证等。如果单据不正确，进口商将在提货的时候遇到困难，就算是微小的差距也可能导致银行拒绝付款，根据商品性质及各国具体规定不同，不同的交易需要不同的单据。为了不影响贸易伙伴之间今后的贸易关系，单据的及时传递尤为重要。国际商务英语184与邮递、电报等传递方式相比，电子不仅破除了时空的壁垒，又节约了通讯本钱，最重要的是只需要短短几分钟就可将数据传给对方。即使是传递信息有误，也可以做到及时的纠正，将损失减到最低。现如今，电子在国际贸易双方之间、跨国公司与子公司之间、政府机构与公司之间、企业员工之间已经成了交换信息数据的最普遍的、具有最高效能的媒介。

55、21世纪人类已经进入了大数据时代，全球经济一体化的加快使得国际贸易的竞争愈演愈烈，对市场信息实时的掌控握成了企业开展的致命因素。如果说外贸函电是因为迎合了局势的开展才被世界所认可，反之，它也成了全球经济快速开展的推动力。One of the main distinction between domestic trade and international trade is the use of documents.Each shipment dispatched should be equipped with correct documents such as contract,mercial

56、 invoice,packing list,bill of lading,insurance policy,certificate of origin,etc.If without right documents,importers may have difficulties in taking delivery of the goods,even slightly difference could cause bank to refuse to pay.Also,due to the differences e*isted in products and every countries re

57、gualation,different documents should be accordingly prepared for different deals.In order not to affect the future trade relations between partners,it is especially important to send documents timely and rightly.pared with post or telegraph,Email got its merits of breaking the barrier of space and s

58、aving the cost of munication,and it could transmit info or data to others within just a few minutes.Even if wrong information have been sent,emails can correct promptly tominimize the loss of pany.Now have bee the most mon and effective medium of info and datas e*change between international trade p

59、artners,transnational corporation and subsidiary,the administrative and pany and the same panys employees.In the 21st century,human eventually stepped into the age of big data,as the acceleration of global economic integration incurred an unprecedentedly pete in the international business,the real-

60、time control to market info have bee the crucial factor in panys development.If foeign trade correspondence were accepted by the world for catering to the development of the situation,it also became the driving force to promote the rapid development of universal economy in return.C可以作为责任划分的依据。To spl

61、it responsibility由于进出口双方受到时间和空间的限制，实际上大局部的订单都是通过外贸函电完成的，电子能够准确记载双方从最初的询盘到最后确认收货的一切交易细节和互相发送的各种文件，就犹如一本详细的记事本一样，当发生纠纷或误解时，外贸函电的这一优势有利于帮助确定责任人。尤其在国际贸易中，买方收到货以后并不代表交易的完毕，经常发生投诉和索赔事件，原因是多种多样的，有卖方的原因，如质量有瑕疵、交货脱期、包装不当、违反合约、甚至发错货等；也有客户方面的原因，如货物处理不当，选错了型号等；也有第三方的原因，如运输过程中发生野蛮装卸、货物遭偷盗等。外贸函电175卖方在收到投诉或索赔之后就会立

62、即展开调查，而最具公信力、最详细的就属双方往来的电子及信函，电子或信函记载着具体的时间，地点，买卖双方、货运代理等相关方的给出的指示等信息，不难找出问题所在并追究责任人。一般情况下，只要索赔合理，卖方都会同意赔偿。并且有的时候即使自己没有过错也有可能给卖方补偿损失以便拉住客户。因此外贸函电有助于减少贸易纠纷、索赔申诉等而推动商贸活动的顺利开展。相反，一旦发生责任人不愿承当赔偿或无法赔偿需要诉诸法律的时候，外贸函电还可以成为证据，保障受害人的权益。As a matter of fact most of international orders are acplished by foreign trade correspondence because of jet lag.So all of record of trade details and e*changed documentsfrom thebeginning of buyers inquiry to finally reception of the goods can be accurately took down in emails,just li