并列句和复合句

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1、并列句和复合句课标要求及命题趋势句子的基本结构有三个:简单句,并列句,复合句.简单句已在上一讲中讲过.本讲我们主要说后两者.由两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词and, but, for, so, or等或分号连在一起构成的句子,叫并列句.而由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子,叫复合句.句子是考试的热点.特别是复合句更是必考内容.所以在学习时,要注意区别与联系.一网打尽 并列句及并列连词 知识点 复合句 主谓一致指点迷津 一 并列句由连词连接两个分句组成的句子叫并列句。这些分句平行并列，而且同等重要，能够独立成句。连接分句的有并列连词和主从连词。并列连词：and, but, or, no

2、r, for, whereas, while, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut(also).主从连词：so, therefore, however, still, yet, then等。并列句中的前后两句可以根据意思或分为四种关系。（1）同等关系and/not onlybut also/neithernor,用连词and, not onlybut also, neithernor或者用逗号，有时也用分号连接两个简单句，构成并列句。如：He could neither read nor writeHe not only studies hard, but al

3、so likes sports.（2）转折关系but, yet, still, while, when, 用连词but, yet, still, while, when连接两个句子时，前后两句为转折关系。如：Tom was not there but his brother was (there).There was no news, nevertheless, she went on hoping.（3）选择关系or, eitheror.用连词or, eitheror，连接两个句子时，前后两句为选择关系。如：Either you didnt understand this, or you w

4、ere not careful enough（4）因果关系for, so.用连词for, so连接两个句子时，前后两句为因果关系。如：He hurried, for it was getting dark.He liked the book very much, so I gave it to him二 复合句 复合句中包括两个或更多的分句，其中一个分句是主句，其余的分句是从句。从句就是一个分句在主句中充当一个成分，如主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。 从句在句子中作什么成分就叫什么从句。1.主语从句用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句一般都是作谓语动词的主语，偶尔也可以作分词的主语。(1) 由

5、what, whatever, whoever等代词引导主语从句。如: What she likes is watching the children playWhatever you have heard must be kept secretWhoever fails to pass the exam will be dismissed(2)that引导It is tight that you told him the truth (3) 由连接副词whether, when, how, where, why引导主语从句。如：Why the fire broke out at night

6、remains a mystery Whether we can help you is a difficult question When the meeting will be held has not been decided （4）主语从句后移 主语从句虽然可以放在谓语的前面，但是当主语从句较长而谓语较短时，常用代词作形式主语，而把主语从句放到句子后边。如：It is uncertain whether he wants to go or not It turned out true that he had done nothing wrong 2. 表语从句 用作表语的从句叫作表语从

7、句，通常由that, what, where, why, ho等连接词引导。(1) if, whether, that引导表语从句，有时也用as, because, as if, as though, lest引导表语从句。如：The question is that we must be good at learning from others.It looks as if its going to rain(2) what, which, who等连接代词。如: That is what I want to tell youThe question is which of the clas

8、ses we choose to be the excellent one （3）how, when, where, why等连接副词。如：The question is how we can help him That is why he has been late三 主谓一致 英语句子由主语谓语组成。谓语包括谓语动词、宾语、宾补、表语、定语、状语等成分。其中谓语动词是其核心，谓语动词在人称和数上要跟主语保持一致。主谓一致一般遵循以下三个原则：(1) 语法一致原则，即谓语动词同主语在单复数形式上保持一致。如：He is from BeijingWe are sure it will rain

9、(2) 概念上一致，即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语表达的概念。如：His family are wellBoth Father and Mother agree with me(3) 邻近一致原则，即谓语动词的数与前面紧邻的词保持一致。如：There is a pen and some pencils in the box.Neither he nor I am here1)人称、数的一致。如：I am a studentYou ate a student/studentsHe is Sack2)主语是抽象概念，不可数名词，由some, any, no, every, one, body, th

10、ing等组成的不定代词（复合代词），表示计算等时，动词用单数。如：Milk is whiteNobody is going thereEverything is ready3)people, police其谓语动词用复数。如：There are many people in the parkThe police are on duty4)集体名词 family, class, team, group等看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；看作每一个成员时，谓语动词则用复数。如：My family is a big one 5)与and连接的并列主语表示不同的人和物时，谓语动词用复数，表示一个概念则用单数

11、。如Lucy and Lily are twinsBoth he and I are workers6)用and连接的并列单数主语有 every, each, no等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Every girl and every boy is heroEach girl and each boy has got a new bookNo man and no woman knows him7)主语是单数，后跟with, as well as, but, except等组成的短语时，其谓语动词用单数。如：He as well as I is a teacherThe woman with

12、a baby is my mother8)none作代词有单数之意，也有复数之意。故谓语动词根据主语之意定。如：None of us has got a computerNone of us have heard of it9)金钱、距离、时间、重量、长度等复数名词作主语，通常当作整体看，谓语动词用单数。如：Three yuan is enough to pay for the pen10)trousers, shoes, glasses等作主语，谓语动词用复数。如：A pair of trousers costs20 yuanSome pairs of shoes have been sen

13、t to me 11) most of, half of, some of, part of, a lot of 修饰名（代）词作主语，谓语动词与后的名词、代词的数保持一致。如： Most of the people dont speak Chinese in England Half of the news is true Some of the boys come to school late Part of the work was done by me 12) news, maths, physics等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数。如： The news is good 13

14、) many a (man)(许多人),more than one(person)（不止一人）作主语，意思是复数，因后跟名词是单数，故动词也用单数。如： Many a man has caught a cold 14) either.or, neither.,not only.but also.作主语，谓语动词与离它最近的名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致。如： Either he or I am wrong Neither you nor he is right 15) There be句型中谓语动词也与离它最近的名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致。如： There is a pen and s

15、ome books on the desk There are some books and a pen on the desk 16) 单复数相同的词如：Chinese, deer, sheep等作主语，其谓语动词要具体情况决定用单数或复数。如： There is a sheep on the hill Many sheep are eating grass now 17) 书刊名词（复数），组织名称，国家名称，格言等作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数。如： Dickens American Notes was published in 1842 18) 不定式、动我词、从句作主语，谓语动词用单数

16、。 Seeing is believing Who did the work is unknown To do it is not easy for us讲解面对面例1 The doctors tried their best to save the patients life, _ failed.(2005, 上海)A. or B. so C. but D. because思维导航：此题考查连词的使用.解答：根据句意“医生们尽力挽救失败了”,前后应该是表示转折,所以选C.拓展延伸：应区分开不同连词之间的意思.例2 -What do you think of the book about Ha

17、rry Potter? (2005, 武汉)-I like it very much. Its _ interesting _ exciting.A. neither nor B. not butC. not only but also D. either, or思维导航：此题考查词组的使用.解答：根据句意 “我喜欢”,应该是表示肯定的, A项表否定, “既不也不”,B项”不是而是”, C项 “不但而且”,D项 “不是就是”.所以选C.拓展延伸：应区分开不同词组之间的意思.例3 Tigers and bears are very dangerous. Thats _ they have to

18、stay in cages in the zoo. (2005, 福建宁德)A why B. where C. how D. what思维导航：此题考查表语从句。解答：根据句意 “老虎和熊非常危险。这就是它们为什么得呆在笼子里的原因”，可知答案应该是A。拓展延伸：一些从句是固定搭配，应在学习中注意积累与运用。例4 We cant go there together. _ you _I can go.(2005, 海南)A. Both, and B. Either, orC. Neither, nor D. Between, and思维导航：此题考查词组的使用.解答：根据句意 “我们不能一起去.

19、要么你去要么我去”.A项 “两者都”,B项 “不是就是”,C项 “既不也不”, D项 “在之间”.所以选B.拓展延伸：应区分开不同词组之间的意思.大展身手( ) 1.All the students except Lin Tao _ here.A. are B. is C. be D. am( ) 2. Tom with his friends _ shopping on Sundays.A. go B. goes C. went D. gone( ) 3. Hurry up, _ we are late.A. and B. but C. so D. or( ) 4. He likes sin

20、ging, _ his sister doesnt.A. because B. so C. and D. but( ) 5. Not only my parents bus also I _ interested in the book.A. are B. is C. am D. were( ) 6. Two hundred dollars _ enough for the TV. A. are B. is C. am D. will( ) 7. The old _ taken good care of in our country.A. is B. are C. has D. have( ) 8. Ten and two _ twelve. A. is B. are C. was D. were( ) 9. Take exercise every day, _ you will become stronger and healthier.A. or B. and C. but D. while( )10. Never give up, _ you will make it. A. and B. but C. or D. yet