定语从句典型错误例析

《定语从句典型错误例析》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《定语从句典型错误例析（2页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、定语从句典型错误例析1. 我给他看了我上周在杭州的照片误I showed him the photos I took them in Hangzhou last week.正I showed him the photos I took in Hangzhou last week.析关系代词或关系副词既代替先行词，又在定语从句中充当一定的成分。例句为省略了关系代词(that/which )的定语从句，that/which 指代the photos,在定语从句中充当 took的宾语，故them多余，应 去掉。2. 那个正在修理汽车的人是我的叔叔。误The man is mending the ca

2、r is my uncle.正The man who/that is mending the car is my uncle.析关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时不可省略，只有作宾语时才能省略that。本句还可以译为 The manmending the car is my uncle. (-ing 形式短语 mending the car 作 the man 的后置定语。)3. 这只风筝是你父亲昨天为你扎的吗？误 Is this kite your father made for you yesterday?正Is this kite the one (that) your father mad

3、e for you yesterday?析若把this看作kite的修饰语，短语this kite为主句的主语，这时我们可以看出主句中缺少表语，即定 语从句的先行词，所以应该加上代词the one。如果我们把this看作代词，作句子的主语，那么 kite应该为句子的表语，则可以看出先行词 kite前缺少定冠词the。故本句还可改为：Is this the kite (that/which) your father made for you yesterday?4. 她告诉我的就这些。误This is all which she told me.正This is all (that) she t

4、old me.形容词what弓丨导本句还可以译为This is what she told me.不过此时析当先行词为 all, none, one, any, few, little, everything, anything, nothing 等或先行词前有序数词, 最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that。另外，的是表语从句，而不是定语从句。5. 这是我们明天要讨论的问题。误This is the problem about that we正This is the problem about which we正This is th e problem (that/which) well ta

5、lk tomorrow.ll talk tomorrow.ll talk about tomorrow.which。析介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，先行词指人时，关系代词用whom;指物时，关系代词用另外，有些固定短语如look after, listen to等，一般也不能将介词提到关系代词之前。6. 从这儿可以看到屋顶的那幢建筑物是镇里最大的超市。误The building, which roof can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.正The building, whose roof can be seen here,

6、is the biggest supermarket in town.析分析句意可知，building和roof之间存在所属关系，故应用 whose，whose在引导从句定语从句时既 可指人又可指物， 通常可与of which互换使用，因此本句还可以表示为：The building, the roof of which (ofwhich the roof ) can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.7. 人没有空气就不能生存，这是很自然的。误Which is very natural, man can t live withou

7、t air.正Man can t live without air, which/as is very natural.正As is very natural, man can t live without air.析which/as都可以引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语，表语，宾语。但which引导的从句只能放在主句之后，而as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可以位于句首，句中或句末。8. 他是今天早晨迟到的学生之一。误He was one of the students who was late this morning.正He was one of the students who were

8、 late this morning.析在“ one of复数名词结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词， 故谓语动词应用复数； 在“ the only one of+复数名词的结构中，定语从句的先行词是 one，故谓语动词应用单数。如：She is the only one of the students in our class who has ever been to Beijing.她是我们班唯一去过北京的学生。9. 我还记得我在北京度过的日子。误I still remember the days when I spent in Beijing.正I still remember the

9、days (which/that) I spent in Beijing.析定语从句中引导词的选择关键词是看先行词在定语从句中充当什么样的成分，或者说定语从句中缺少什么成分。如果从句缺少主语，表语，宾语，则引导词通常为which, that, who, whom, as;如果缺少定语则用关系代词whose;如果缺少状语，则用关系副词 when, where, why.分析例句的成分可以知道，从句中缺少谓语动词spent的宾语，故应用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句。若把例句变为：I still remember thedays _ I enjoyed myself in Beijin

10、g.则定语从句中缺少时间状语，故此时应用关系副词when。10. 昨晚送你回家的那个人是谁？误 Who is the man who sent you home last night?正 Who is the man that sent you home last night?析当主句为含有 who/which的疑问句，关系代词用 that，而不用 who或which。如：Which is the book that you bought yesterday?哪本书是你昨天买的？11. 他们谈了许多他们所知道的人和事。误 They talked about a lot of things an

11、d persons what/who/which they knew.正 They talked about a lot of things and persons that they knew.析先行词既有人又有物时应该用that来引导。What不可以引导定语从句。12. 他们昨晚看了一部影片，影片讲述的是关于美国内战的故事。误They saw a film last night, that tells about the American Civil War.正They saw a film last night, which tells about the American Civil

12、War.析that不能引导非限定性定语从句。13. 我的家乡已不再是十年前的样子。误My hometown is no longer the town which it used to be ten years ago.正My hometown is no longer the town (that) it used to be ten years ago.析当先行词在定语从句中充当表语时关系代词一般只能用that。另外，先行词是there be中的主语时，关系代词也常用that，口语中这两中情况的关系代词that也可以省略。女口： There is a park (that) we often visiton Sundays.