2020暑假预习：初中英语8年级上册unit3 语法专项---形容词、副词比较级(含习题)

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1、unit3 语法专项-形容词、副词比较级(含习题)概念：大多数形容词或副词有三个等级:原级、比较级和最高级。其中比较级表示“更”，用于两者(人或事物)之间的比较，说明“前者比后者更.”.大多数形容词和副词有比较级的变化，用来表示事物的等级差别。比较级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。构成：1.规则变化 一般在词尾加-ertall -taller以字母e结尾的词在词尾直接加-r。nice-nicer fine-finer以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，变“y”为“i”，再加-ereasy -easier early -earlier重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er。b

2、ig-bigger thin-thinner fat- fatter多音节词和部分双音节词在词前加 moreoutgoing -more outgoing2. 不规则变化much/many- more good/well-better bad/badly/ill-worselittle-less far-farther/further old-older/elder 常用句型的基本用法:在比较时。比较的双方必须是同一类的事物。我的自行车比汤姆的新。My bike is newer than Toms. “not比较级+than” 结构表示在程度上前者不如后者。这本书不如那本书有趣。This b

3、ook is not more interesting than that one. = The book is less interesting than that one. “主语+谓语+比较级+ than+ any other+可数名词的单数+范围”结构表示:主语所代表的事物比其他任何一个都.。李明是他们班中最聪明的学生。Li Ming is much cleverer than any other student in their class.注意:若比较的范围不同，than后面应用“any+可数名词的单数形式+其他”。中国比非洲的任何国家都大。China is larger than

4、 any country in Africa. “the+比较级，the+比较级.”，意为“越.就越.”。(一种特殊的倒装)The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them.问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。 “the+比较级+ of the two”表示“两者中较的”。形容词比较级前必须用定冠词，其后不可用than。汤姆是兄弟俩中个子较高的那个。Tom is taller than of the two brothers. Tom is the taller of the two

5、brothers. 修饰形容词比较级的前置词（表程度的副词）1) a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, a lot, a great deal, any， still, even等2)用表示倍数的词或度量名词。以上词(除 by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。The little boy has become much stronger. 这个小男孩变得强壮 多了。Im a little shorter than my brother. 我比我哥哥矮一点。记忆回诀:比较级真好用，后加-er就行啦两者比较使用它，than后要把对象加

6、要想比较程度变，以下方法更简便前加much，even， a little，程度由大变小了。拓展：课本例句分析1.形容词、副词原级eg:Tara works as hard as Tina.塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。(选自人教版教材unit3)此处as. as.意为“与.一样.”,as.as.中间用形容词或副词的原级。其否定结构not as.as.意为“不如.那样.”注意：as.as.结构中的第一个as是副词，在否定句中可以改为so。Tom gets up as early as Jim.汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。Lucy isnt as outgoing as Mary.= Lucy isnt so

7、 outgoing as Mary. 露西不如玛丽外向。记忆口诀：同级比较用原级，as.as永不离。若是否定加not，as.as否前者。as.as加not，说明两者有区别。so.as加not，后者总是强前者拓展： not as/so.as.可与比较级进行同义句转换。This room is not as/so big as that one.=That room is bigger than this one.这个房间不如那个房间大2.eg. Larry is much less hard-working, though. 不过，拉里学习不那么勤奋。(选自人教版教材unit3)less用于形容

8、词或副词之前，意为“不如;不及”，常见结构为“less+形容词/副词+than”，相当于not as/so.as.Lesson One is less interesting than Lesson Two. =Lesson One is not as/so interesting as Lesson Two.第一课不如第二课有趣。拓展:less修饰动词，意为“更少”Eat less, drink less and sleep more.少吃，少喝，多睡觉。less还是形容词 little 的比较级，意为“较少的;更少的”。You should try to eat less meat.你应该

9、尽量少吃肉。练习题：1.- Who will you ask to help with the work， Lucy or Lily?-Lily. She is much_.A careful B more careful C most careful2._children there are in a family, _their life will be.A The less; the better B The fewer; the betterC Fewer: better D Less: better3._you study, _grades you will get.A The ha

10、rd, the good B The harder, the betterC Harder, better D The better, the harder4.If there are_trees, the air in our city will be_cleaner.A less, more B more, moreC more, much D much, more5.- I think computers are_more important than radios.-I don t agree with you.A much B very C too D so6. The air in

11、 these months is much_than the air last winter.A good B well C better D the best7.Im1.70 metres. Yao Ming is2.27 metres. I am_Yao Ming.A as tall as B taller than C not as tall as D so tall as8.My cousin doesnt study English_as_.A as good, mine B as well, mineC as good, me D so well. me9. Its not coo

12、l but it isnt as_as yesterday.A hot B hotter C hottest D the hottest10.David is taller than_in his class.A any student B the others studentsC any other student D the other student11.- Which dress is_, the blue one or the yellow one?-It depends on you.A beautiful B more beautiful C most beautiful D the most beautiful12. -Whos_at English than Tara?-Tina is. She works much_.A good; hard B better: hard C better: harder D good: harder13.No mountain in the world is as_as Qomolangma.A high B higher C highest答案：1-5BBBCA6-10CCDAC11-13BCA7 / 7