高中英语Unit1AlandofdiversitySectionGrammar名词性从句主语从句宾语从句和表语从句教学案新人教版选修8

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1、Unit 1 A land of diversity Section Grammar-名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）语法图解探究发现Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.Scientists believe that these

2、 settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will

3、be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.我的发现(1)以上各句皆为主从复合句，句中用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。(2)名词性从句在句中可作介词的宾语(句)，动词的宾语(句)。(3)名词性从句在句中可作主语，且可用it作形式主语，真正的主语从句置于句末(句、)。(4)名词性从句在句中可作表语(句)。一、主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的定义及特点(一)主语从句主语从句是指在句中作主语的从句，位置与陈述句的主语相同。Wheth

4、er the sports meet will be held is not certain now.运动会是否将举行现在不能确定。 How the book will sell depends on its author.这本书销售如何取决于作者本人。Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。名师点津若主语部分结构较长，可以使用形式主语it，把真正的主语从句放于后面。That she will do well in her exam is certain.It is certain that she wil

5、l do well in her exam.她在考试中会做得好，这是确定无疑的。(二)宾语从句1作及物动词的宾语Everyone knows that the earth is made up of matter.每个人都知道地球是由物质构成的。2作介词的宾语如：besides that .“除之外”；but that .“若不是”；except that .“除了”；in that .“在于；因为”。Is there anything wrong in what I said?我所说的有错误之处吗？These two areas are similar in that they both h

6、ave high rainfall in summer.这两个地区相似，因为在夏天降水都很多。3动态形容词后形容词后跟宾语从句的用法只限于少数动态形容词，如sure(确信)，certain(肯定)，afraid(担心)，confident(有把握的)等。Im not certain whether the train will arrive on time.我不确信火车是否将会按时到达。4注意事项(1)宾语从句的否定转移：think, believe, suppose, imagine等动词后的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont

7、think we need to waste much time on it.我想我们不必在这上面浪费太多时间。(形式上否定主句，实际上还是否定从句)(2)宾语从句中不能省略that的情况。动词后有两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，紧跟动词后的宾语从句可以省去that，其余的宾语从句前的that一般不能省去。I believe (that) you have done your best and that things will improve.我相信你已经尽全力了，事情会好起来的。(第二个that不能省)(3)“doubt宾语从句”的应用。肯定句中用whether或if，否定句和疑问句中用that

8、。I doubt whether he can pass the exam.我怀疑他是否能够通过此次考试。I dont doubt that he can pass the exam.我不怀疑他能通过此次考试。Do you doubt that he can pass the exam?你怀疑他能通过此次考试吗？(三)表语从句1表语从句在复合句中作表语，出现在连系动词之后，一般结构为“主语连系动词表语从句”。The question is whether we can finish the work in time.问题是我们是否能及时完成这项工作。2可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look,

9、 remain, seem, sound等。You look as if you slept badly. 看你那样子仿佛没睡好觉。 The fact remains that we are still not advanced enough.事实依然是我们还是不够先进。名师点津(1)表语从句实际上是对主语进行补充说明，从句表达的是主语的内容。The fact is that he didnt notice the car until too late.事实是他注意到汽车时已经太晚了。(2)主句的主语是名词idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, re

10、quirement等时，表语从句应用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should 动词原形”。My suggestion is that we should have a discussion about this matter instead of setting it aside.我的建议是我们应当讨论一下这个问题，而不是把它放在一边。即时演练1选词填空(2016北京高考改编)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust. (that/what)(2015北京高考改编)H

11、ow we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. (where/how)(2014山东高考改编)It is difficult for us to imagine what life was like for slaves in the ancient world. (what/which)(2013安徽高考改编)From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by wate

12、r. (why/because)(2013陕西高考改编)It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice. (if/whether)That he had met a kind librarian in the city library gave us no surprise. (that/what)二、连接词(一)that, whether 和if1连接词thatthat引导从句时，本身无意义，在从句中不充当成分。但是that在引导主语从句、表语从句时，一般不能省

13、略；在引导宾语从句时，常被省略；但是以下两种情况除外：(1)多个并列从句出现时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。(2)含有形式主语it时，放于后面的宾语从句不能省略that。That he suddenly fell ill made us surprised.他突然生病让我们震惊。She said (that) she would return that book next week.她说她将于下周归还那本书。She said (that) she would come here and that I should wait for her till Monday.她说她将会来这儿并

14、让我等到星期一。They made it clear to the public that they did an important and necessary job.他们向公众表明：他们所做的工作重要且必不可少。The fact is that we are behind other groups.事实是我们落后于其他小组。2连接词whether和if(1)连接词whether/if在从句中意为“是否”，不充当成分，一般不能省略。(2)主语从句位于句首时只能用whether；当用it作形式主语时，whether与if都可以。(3)表语从句中常用whether。(4)宾语从句中连接词whe

15、ther和if常常可以互换。Whether he passed the exam was not certain.It was not certain whether/if he passed the exam.不确定他是否通过了考试。The question is whether we should ask them for help.问题是我们是否应该向他们寻求帮助。I wonder whether/if hell agree with me.我想知道他是否会同意我。名师点津宾语从句中用whether不用if的三种情况：(1)与or not连用We dont know whether To

16、m will turn up at the meeting or not.我们不知道汤姆是否会参加会议。(2)位于介词之后Everything depends on whether you are for it.每件事情都取决于你是否赞成它。(3)位于动词不定式之前I dont know whether to believe him.我不知道是否该相信他。(二)连接代词what, which, who, whom和whose连接代词what, which, who, whom和whose在从句中的意义分别为“所”“哪一个”“谁”“谁”“谁的”；在从句中起代词的作用，可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。

17、Thats what we have said.(作宾语)那就是我们所说的话。Do you know which of the boys was late? (作主语)你知道哪个男孩迟到了吗？Who will come to give the talk is known to us all.(作主语)我们都知道谁将来作报告。The problem is whom the headmaster will send to deal with it. (作宾语)问题是校长将要派谁来处理这件事情。Do you know whose Tshirt it is？(作定语)你知道这是谁的T恤衫吗？名师点津连

18、接代词what, which的区别：which引导主语从句时需要限定一个有限的、较小的范围，而what指在一个较广的范围内进行选择或者根本没有范围。Which of the boys broke the window is already known.已经知道是哪个男孩打破了窗户。I dont know what books the children can read.我不知道孩子们能读什么书。(三)连接副词when, where, why和how when意为“何时”，在从句中作时间状语；where意为“哪里”，在从句中作地点状语；how意为“如何”，在从句中作方式状语；why意为“为什么”

19、，在从句中作原因状语。When well set off for home hasnt been decided yet.我们何时动身回家还没有被决定。That was where I spent my holiday.那就是我度假的地方。Nobody knew how she got the prize.没有人知道她是如何获奖的。This is why we put off the meeting.这就是我们推迟会议的原因。(四)复合连接词whatever, whichever, whoever和whomever连接代词whatever, whichever, whoever和whomeve

20、r在从句中的意义分别为“无论什么”“无论哪一个”“无论谁”“无论谁”；在从句中起代词的作用，可作主语、宾语或定语。Whatever I have is at your service.我所有的一切都供你使用。Ill take whichever picture you dont want. 我随便拿一幅你不要的画好了。 Whoever breaks the law should be punished.无论谁违反了法律都应该受到惩罚。Whomever you invite will be welcome. 你邀请的任何人都将受欢迎。 名师点津(1)whatever, whichever, wh

21、o(m)ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；no matter what, no matter which, no matter who(m)只引导让步状语从句。Whichever/No matter which dictionary you want to buy, Ill pay for it.无论你想买哪本词典，我都愿意付款。(2)wherever (no matter where); whenever (no matter when); however (no matter how)一般引导让步状语从句。However/No matter how tough the pr

22、oblem may be, Ill work it out by myself.无论问题可能有多难，我将自己解决。即时演练2补全句子What_he_had_said surprised everyone present. 他所说的话让在场每一个人吃惊。It seemed that_he_had_donated_all_his_money_to those in need.他似乎已将所有的钱都捐给了那些需要帮助的人。I dont know where_I_can_place_my_luggage.我不知道我的行李可以放在哪里。We discussed whether_we_should_use_

23、the_money to buy a new house.我们讨论该不该用这笔钱买套新房子。(2016北京高考改编)Your support is important to our work. Whatever_you_can_do_helps.你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事都会有所帮助。三、it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句(一)主语从句中以it作形式主语的四种常用句型1It 不及物动词的适当形式从句It seems that .好像是It happened that . 碰巧It follows that . 由此可见It has turned out that . 结果It

24、 seemed that he had been to Beijing before. 好像他以前去过北京。2Itbe及物动词的过去分词从句It is said that . 据说It is reported that . 据报道It is believed that . 人们认为It is hoped that . 大家希望It has been proved that . 已证明It is said that he has read the novel.据说他读过这本小说。3Itbe名词(词组)从句It is a fact that . 事实是It is good news that .

25、是好消息。It is a question that . 是个问题。It is common knowledge that . 是常识。It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康，这是事实。4Itbe形容词从句It is necessary that . 有必要It is clear that . 很清楚It is (un)likely that . 很(不太)可能It is important that . 重要的是It is necessary that people should learn to face the re

26、ality.人们应该学会面对现实是有必要的。(二)宾语从句中以it作形式宾语的两种常用句型1带复合宾语(宾语宾语补足语)的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it作形式宾语。We think it possible that you can finish the work today.我们认为你今天能够完成这项工作。2表示喜欢、憎恶等心理活动的动词后习惯上先跟一个形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。如：hate, enjoy, dislike, love, dont mind, feel like, appreciate, rely on, count on, see to, take

27、(认为), owe等。I take it that you will agree with us.我认为你会赞成我们的。巧学助记巧记名词性从句名词性从句并不难，陈述语气要当先。特别注意引导词，引导主语、表语和宾语。主语从句嫌太长，it在句首属正常。宾语从句也不短，it代替并不乱。表语从句不能变，稳稳当当在中间。即时演练3补全句子It seems that_they_will_win_the_game.看起来他们会赢得这场比赛。It is suggested that_the_meeting_(should)_be_put_off.有人建议会议延期召开。I hate_it_when they t

28、alk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。I think_it_necessary_that we take plenty of boiled water every day.我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。.用适当的连接词填空1What surprises me most is that he is too vain.2Where cars will be parked in the future is a question.3When we will have a picnic depends on the weather.4Which

29、part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.5It has not been decided who will attend the meeting.6It is reported that a new film will be put on in the cinema.7That Mike didnt turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman of the meeting unhappy.8Whether the President will attend the p

30、arty or not is kept a secret.9It is necessary that he should learn about the whole matter.10Why the little boy died in a babysitter center in Yuxi of Yunnan Province remains a mystery now.单句写作1What_role_he_will_play in the film hasnt been known.在这部电影中他将扮演什么角色还不知道。2He is a good student except_that_he

31、_is_a_little_careless.他是个好学生，就是有点粗心。3She always thinks of how_she_can_do_a_better_job.她总是在想怎样把工作做得更好。4Whoever_fails_in_the_exam shall not be allowed to go home.无论谁在考试中失败都不允许回家。5We think_it_important_that every citizen should have good manners.我们认为每个市民有礼貌是重要的。6It_is_said_that the professor has alread

32、y succeeded in carrying out this experiment.据说这位教授已经成功地完成了这个实验。7The reason for his absence was that_he_was_ill.他缺席的原因是他生病了。8Its_a_pity_that you missed the film.你错过了那部电影真是遗憾。9I dont_think_I_can_remember the 100 words within two hours.我想我不能在两小时内记住这100个单词。10I am not interested in whether_they_believe_i

33、n_me_or_not.我对他们是否信任我不感兴趣。.语法填空(用名词性从句引导词填空)Ann：Hello, Roger? This is Ann.Roger：Hi, Ann. I was about to call you to see 1.how things are going with you. Do you like your new apartment？Ann：Well, thats 2.why Im calling you at this time of the day. I want to consult you about my decision 3.that Ill sta

34、rt looking for a new place.Roger：Will you tell me 4.what is the problem with your place now? It never occurs to me 5.that you dont like the apartment.Ann：I do, but the problem is 6.that it is a little far from the campus. I wonder 7.if/whether you can help me.Roger：All right. So, will you make clear

35、 8.what kind of place you are looking for?Ann：Well, Id like to share an apartment with one or two roommates within walking distance of the school.Roger：Thats OK. Now please tell me how much you want to spend on rent.Ann：Oh, somewhere under D|S200 a month.Roger：Hmm. And anything else?Ann：Yeah, I need a parking space.Roger：Well, it seems 9.that there is such an apartment for rent near 10.where I live. Ill just drop by on my way to work today.Ann：Hey, thanks a lot.Roger：No problem.10