2008年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考问题详解

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1、wordI. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 inplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best pletes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 1. Being able to save and accumulate wealth is not automatic.A. conside

2、rate B. considerable C. conscious D. careful2. Wonderful of nature are all around us.A. appearance B. experience C. phenomena D. philosophy3. The whole county with little red hearts on Valentines Day.A. breaks in B. breaks into C. breaks off D. breaks out4. If I were the president of a university I

3、should a pulsory course in “How to Use Your Eyes.A. escape B. establish C. estate D. elapse5. The statement that oil originated in the sea is by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfield of the world.A. confined B. confessed C.conformed D. confirmed6. Almost 70 percent of all non-food purchases i

4、n supermarkets are generated byin-store. A. decided B. decisive C. decide D. decisions7. I believe that truth and justice are to an enduring social order.A. fundamental B. fountain C. formation D. friction8. Some of these“upside down airmail stamps are now over $6,000.A. worthy B. worthed C. worth D

5、. worthwhile9. The early pioneers had to many hardships to settle on the new land.A. go into B. go along with C. go back on D. go through10. Remember that customers dont about prices in that city.A. dispute B. bargain C. consult D. discuss11. Difficulties and hardships havethe best qualities of the

6、young geologist.A. broughtabout B. brought in C. brought upD. brought out12. Do you know where the pictures on money?A. resulted from B. removed from C. came from D. fell from13. I often about how quickly time flies.A. plain B. plaint C. pile D. conceive14. Imwith puter programs that correct spellin

7、g through the use of built-in dictionaries.A. mon B. familiar C. known D. friendly15. Male cigarette smokers have a higher deathfrom heart disease thannon-smoking males.A. rate B. price C. speed D. degree 16. With winter here you can these skirts till you need them again next summer.A. get rid of B.

8、 give away C. do away with D. put away17. The good service at the hotelthe poor food to some extent.A. made for B. made out C. made up for D. mad use of18. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply.A. applied B. appreciated C. approved D. appealed19. Inflation is the first problem

9、that the new government will have to.A. revolve B. grasp C. seize D. tackle20. Few people who of high school will be rich.A. run down B. check in C. drop out D. check outII. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are 20 inplete sentences in this part. For each sentence thereare four choices marked A

10、, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best pletesthe sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. The young receptionist doesnt permit in the exhibition center.A. smoking B. to smoke C. smoke D. to have smoked22. I wish to thank you for the inparable hospitality for the Chinese peopleare

11、 justly famous throughout the world.A. what B. whom C. that D. which23. More than two thousands work in this refinery.A. Russias B. Russian C. RussiansD Russia24.The ancient Egyptians believed all illnesses were related to was eaten.A. what B. which C. it D. that25. If all the continents and mountai

12、ns were bulldozed fiat, the earth by watermore than 12,000 feet deep.A. could have been covered B. might had been coveredC. is covered D. would be covered26. Since 1939, numerous scientific studies to determine whether smoking is ahealth hazard.A. have been conducted B. are conductedC. is conducted

13、D. being conducted27. All the money, we started looking for work. A. has been spent B. have been spent C. being spent D. having been spent28. One main branch of sea science, holds enormous unanswered questions.A. physical oceanography B. is physical oceanographyC. called physical oceanography D. wha

14、t is physical oceanography29. An crowd is awaiting the arrival of the famed statesman.A. excite B. excitedly C. excited D. exciting30. There a lot of on the roads yesterday. A. were.traffic B. was.trafficC. were.traffics D. was.traffics31. China and America are separated by. A. Pacific Ocean B. a Pa

15、cific OceanC. the Pacific Ocean D. Pacific Oceans32. to pletely cut off its oil supply, it would badly damage its own economy.A. If Iran was B. Was Iran C. If Iran is D. Were Iran33. in 1943 the harmful smog made its appearance in Los Angeles.A. Only.that B. It was.thenC. That it was.when D. It was.

16、that34. The population of Beijing is three times that of Qingdao.A. so large as B. as large to C. as large as D. as larger than35. He his office for there was no one to answer the phone.A. must have left B. must leaveC. may have left D. can have left36. Janes family couldnt agree on where to spend v

17、acation.A. his B. her C. its D. their37. I will leave him a note he will know where we are.A. so that B. that C. in order D. in case38. The teacher thinks that Tom for the accident and instead we should try tofort him.A. doesnt blame B. is to blameC. isnt to blame D. isnt blamed39. When I pulled int

18、o her driveway, she by the door with her coat on. A. is waiting B. was waiting C. waits D. waited40. The clerk asked Robey later in the day.A. returningB. toreturn C. return D. to be returnedIII. Reading prehensionSection ADirections:There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by4

19、questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard

20、University,the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up.Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is askingstill in private rather than in publicwhether its

21、 past assumptions about faculty, authority, admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of the 1990s.Should Harvardor any other universitybe an intellectual sanctuary, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation wi

22、th these political and social revolutions;or even an engine of the revolution? This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard.The issue was defined by Waiter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, several years ago.“If the univer

23、sities are to do their work, he said, they must be independent and they must be disinterested.They are places to which men can turn for judgments which are unbiased by partisanship and special interest. Obviously, the moment the universities fall under political control, or under the control of priv

24、ate interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgment is impaired.This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even ma

25、ny moderate students: that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be “disinterested but activist in bringing the nations ideals and actions together.Harvards men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the

26、 beginning. They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they e out is bound to influence American universities and political life in the 1990s.41.The issues in the debate on Harvards goals are whether the unive

27、rsitiesshould remain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should.A. overe the widespread drug dependencyB. take an active part in solving societys illsC. fight militarismD. support our old and established institutions42. The word “paradox in paragraph 1 is.A. an abnormal con

28、ditionB. a parenthetical expressionC. a difficult puzzleD. a self-contradiction43. The word “sanctuary in paragraph 3 is.A. a temple or nunnery of middle ageB. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishapsC. a holy place dedicated to a certain godD. an academy for intelligent people44. In the au

29、thors judgment, the ferment going on at Harvard.A. will soon be over, because times are bound to changeB. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friendsC. will influence future life in AmericaD. is a sad symbol of our general bewildermentQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:

30、Scientists now believe that many, if not all, living things are born with some type of hidden clock. These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of light or darkness in a day, by the rhythm of the tides or by the seasons.One of the most remarkable of natures living clocks belongs to the fi

31、ddler crab,that familiar beach-dweller with tile overgrown claw. Biologists have long known that the crabs shell is darkest during the day, grows pale in late afternoon, then begins to darken again at daybreak. This daytime darkening is valuable for protection against enemies and sunlight, and for m

32、any years it was thought to be a simple response by the crab to the sun-just as if we were to get a tan during the day and lose it at night. But when an enterprising scientist placed a fiddler crab in darkness, be was amazed to find that the color of the crabs shell kept ticking off the time with th

33、e same accuracy.Yet another startling fact was revealed: the crabs shell reached the darkest color about 50 minutes later each day. There was a second clock inside the crab, for the tides also occur 50 minutes later from day to day. Moreover, even when the crabs were taken from the beach and put bac

34、k in the dark, they continued their tidal rhythm. More research disclosed that a crab from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, reached its darkest color four hours earlier than the one taken from a beach on a neighboring island. The tides on the nearby island were found to be exactly four hours later than the

35、Cape Cod tides.Ants dont carry calendars around with them any more than fiddler crabs possess real wrist watches. But ants show amazing accuracy as to the day of the year. Each year, an ant nest sends out winged, young queens on mating flights. Hundreds of them may fly out of a single nest in the so

36、il. Last summer, at the crest of my mountain, I watched an ant city prepare to send forth its young queens. At the precise moment that they took wing, a colony of the same species that my wife was watching near the bottom of the mountain, also sent its queen on a wedding flight. There was, of course

37、, no way could the two colonies have checked take off time with each other.Entomologist Albro T. Gaul once jotted down in his notebook that a particular the same time! This split-second timing is not always the rule. However, most flights take place within a definite period of time.Birds also have b

38、uilt-in timepieces which send them off on fall and spring migrations. What the birds really have is a clock like mechanism which allows them to time hours of darkness or light in each day.But what sends birds northward again in the spring? New research by Dr. Albert Wdifson of Northwestern Universit

39、y seems to indicate that the timing of return flight is extraordinarily plex. In the fall of the year the short days and long nights cause the clocks in migratory birds to undergo a kind of winding in preparation for their spring return and breeding. Then during the late fall and winter as the clock

40、 ticks, certain physiological changes occur in the bird. The length of each day during the winter determines how fast the clock will run, and hence when the alarm will ring for the spring migration. The clock continues to run through breeding time, then stopsto be re-wound again the next fall.45. Th

41、e alarm clock that determines the activity of certain living things is governed by _.A. hours of daylight B. the time of day in their native environmentsC. the moon D. something we dont understand pletely46. The fiddler crab seems to darken his color according to _.A. time of sunrise B. its backgrou

42、ndC. amount of daylight D. time of tides47. The reported activity of the ant colony occurred in relation to _.A. the position of the sun B. the day of the yearC. the temperature D. the geographical location48. What controls the migration of birds seems to be _.A. dark, cloudy days and bright, sunny

43、daysB. direction of migrationC. time between sunrise and sunsetD. breeding habitsQuestions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:Medicine es in many forms. In its liquid form, medicine affects the body veryquickly. But the effects of liquid medicine arent usually long lasting. That is why pill

44、s and capsules are also used.The pills and capsules being sold today arent perfect, either. Pills dissolve in thestomach. The medicine in the pills is released when the pills dissolve. But often, thepills dissolve too quickly.Scientists have been trying to develop a pill that can release medicine sl

45、owly overa long period of time. They have applied their knowledge of plants to produce the“osmotic (渗透的) pumppill.The cell walls of plants are made of cellulose (纤维素). Cellulose is a veryporous substance. There are millions of tiny holes, or pores, in the cellulose walls ofplants. These holes are bi

46、g enough to allow water through the cell walls. As waterenters a cell, pressure builds up in the cell. The pressure pumps other substances out ofthe cell. These substances leave the cell through the cellulose wall. This slow, steadyprocess is called osmosis.The osmotic pump pill is coated with synth

47、etic cellulose. Liquid medicine iscontained in the pill. The holes in the cellulose coating of the pill are big enough toallow water in the pill. As water from the body enters the pill, pressure builds up andthe medicine is then slowly pumped out of the pill.49. The passage implies that the osmotic

48、pump pill is better than other pills andcapsules because_.A. it releases medicine slowly over a long period of timeB. the coating doesnt dissolve in the stomachC. the medicine in the pill can affect the body quicklyD. it helps to build pressure in the body50. The way that the osmotic pump pill works

49、 is based on a process called _.A. cellulose B. osmosis C. pressure D. synthesis51. The passage implies that medicine in an osmotic pump pill will leave the pill when _. A. the pill is swallowed B. the cellulose coating is dissolved C. enough pressure builds up in the pill D. the medicine is dissolv

50、ed with water from the body52. The passage implies that cellulose is a very porous substance because it contains _.A. millions of tiny holes B. a substance that dissolves it C. a substance that creates pressure D. liquid medicineQuestions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:Prices determine

51、how resources are to be used. They are also the means by whichproducts and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The pricesystem of the United States is a very plex network posed of the prices of allthe products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of

52、services,including labor, professional transportation, and public-utility services. Theinterrelationships of all these prices make up the system of prices. The price of anyparticular product or service is linked to a broad, plicated system of prices inwhich everything seems to depend more or less up

53、on everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define price,many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of aproduct or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product orservice as agreed upon in a market

54、transaction. This definition is, of course, valid asfar as it goes. For a plete understanding of a price in any particular transaction,much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer andthe seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but also with theamount an

55、d quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place atwhich the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money tobe used, the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction, guarantees onthe product or service, delivery terms return privileges, an

56、d other factors. In otherwords, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that prise thetotal package being exchanged for the asked amount of money in order that theymay evaluate a given price.53. According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to _.A. labor and

57、educationB. transportation and insuranceC. utilities and repairsD. products and services54. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in plete understanding of price? A. Instructions that e with a product. B. The quantity of a product. C. The quality of a product. D. Warrantie

58、s that cover a product. 55. In the last sentence of the passage, the word they refers to _. A. return privileges B. all the factors C. buyer and seller D. money56. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses _. A. unusual ways to advertise products B. types of payment plans for service

59、 C. theories about how products affect different levels of society D. how certain elements of a price package influence its market valueQuestions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:Following the end of the Apollo space program, the National Geographic Societypublished an excellent set of ar

60、ticles about the moon. Here, in shorter form, are somequestions and answers from one of these articles.Is the moon like the earth?Yes and no. It is more like it than many scientists thought before Apollo. Like theearth, the moon is in layers, with a crust on the outside and a deep mantle below. Itma

61、y also have a core, as the earth does. However, the crust is almost four timesthicker than the earths crust. We do not know much yet about the moons mantle, thatsection of superheated rock which goes down hundreds of miles below the crust. Wethinkbut we are not sure that the moon has a center core w

62、hich includes moltenrock, as the earth does.In other ways, of course, the moon is very different. There is no life, and there isno water. The makeup of its atmosphere is very different; the earth creatures cannotbreathe in it. Is the moon hot or cold? Most scientists agree that some of the moon was hot for at 1east a time. Rocksfrom the moon show that they were once melted. Right now