阅读理解猜测词义

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1、-猜测词义猜测词义 猜测词义是考生阅读理解能力猜测词义是考生阅读理解能力的一个重要方面的一个重要方面. NMET 阅读理解阅读理解主要测试考生根据主要测试考生根据上下文和构词上下文和构词法法知识猜出生词词义或旧词新意知识猜出生词词义或旧词新意的能力的能力. 猜测生词的方法猜测生词的方法根据构词法猜测根据构词法猜测英语中的构词法主要有三种：英语中的构词法主要有三种：（Derivation）（Conversion）（Compounding）派生派生转化转化合成合成派生：派生：由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的单词，该法是猜测英语单词的主要方法。单词，该法是猜测

2、英语单词的主要方法。A.加前缀加前缀 dis-, in-, re-, un-, non-,B.加后缀加后缀 able, -al, -an, -ful, -ive, -er, -ese, -ist, -ment, -ness, -tion, -fy, -ian, -ing, -is(z)e, -ly, -teen, -ty, -th, -ydisable, incorrect, rebuild, unimportant, nonstop, reasonable, chemical, American, helpful, handful, active, scientist, beautify,

3、musician, realize, friendly, fully, 如：如：unconditional，意为，意为“无条件的无条件的”转化：转化：由某一词性转达化成另一词性，其意义也由某一词性转达化成另一词性，其意义也发生一定的变化。发生一定的变化。I was asked to minute the race.“minute”转化成动词，意为转化成动词，意为“为为计时计时”hand(n.)hand(v.) empty(adj.)empty(v.)The man sitting in the chair chaired the meeting.合成：两个或两个以上的单词组成一个合成：两个或两

4、个以上的单词组成一个新的单词。新的单词。如：如：blackboard, man-made,overthrow首字母缩略首字母缩略ISBN：VIP：International Standard Book Number国际标准图书编号国际标准图书编号very Important person贵宾、大人物贵宾、大人物混合词混合词brunch:smog: 其他其他VS：XL:breakfast + lunch早午餐早午餐smoke + fog烟雾烟雾versus(=against)Brazil VS Chinaextra large根据上下文猜测根据上下文猜测 没有上下文，就没有生词的含义没有上下文，

5、就没有生词的含义，不同的上下文会使一个相同的单，不同的上下文会使一个相同的单词含义截然不同。根据上下文猜测词含义截然不同。根据上下文猜测生词常常可以借助定语从句、同位生词常常可以借助定语从句、同位词、并列关系、因果关系、转折关词、并列关系、因果关系、转折关系等等来确定。系等等来确定。 利用利用解释解释作为从上下文猜词的作为从上下文猜词的线索线索,即根据定义猜词即根据定义猜词. 对生词的解释对生词的解释,往往能够明确地告诉我们这个词的准往往能够明确地告诉我们这个词的准确意思。常用的关键词和句型有：确意思。常用的关键词和句型有： .means 表示表示.的意思，意指的意思，意指 .is/are .

6、是是 ., which ., where .is/ are called 被叫做被叫做 .is/are known as 被称为被称为.can be defined as 可被定以为可被定以为 例如：例如：(a) Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life. (b) A linguist, an expert on languages, is always listening.根据上下文根据上下文,后一句是前面划

7、线部分后一句是前面划线部分生词的定义生词的定义(同位语同位语),即即语言学家语言学家.利用利用举例举例作为从上下文猜词的线索作为从上下文猜词的线索。文。文章的作者常常通过列举一些名词或事例来章的作者常常通过列举一些名词或事例来说明他在文章中所用的一个词。常见的关说明他在文章中所用的一个词。常见的关键词有：键词有：such as 例如例如 like 像，如像，如especially 尤其是尤其是 for instance 例如例如for example 例如例如 例如：例如：Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, head

8、lights, and good brakes. 利用利用重述重述作为上下文猜词的线索作为上下文猜词的线索。当作者。当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时，他会用不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时，他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点。常见的用来另外一种方式陈述自己的观点。常见的用来表示重述的词或短语有：表示重述的词或短语有： to put it another way 换句话说换句话说or. 即，或者说即，或者说that is 也就是说也就是说that is to say 也就是说也就是说in other words 换句话说换句话说例如：例如： (a).In some countries where

9、 there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields. (b) It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is , it will break easily.从后面的解释中我们可以了解到从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是是脆脆的意思。的意思。利用利用近义词近义词的线索的线索。作者可能会用一个近。作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现

10、便使他的文字意思更清楚，近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。在同一句或者同一段落中。 例如：例如： At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank. 利用利用反义词反义词作为猜词的线索作为猜词的线索。作者常常用。作者常常用反义词来使文章更具表现力，我们可以利用反义词来使文章更具表现力，我们可以利用反义词作为线索去猜句中出现的生词的意思。反义词作为线索去

11、猜句中出现的生词的意思。例如：例如：Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled. 从句子结构看，从句子结构看，expand与与contract相对应，相对应，when heated与与when cooled相对应。相对应。因为加热与使冷却是相反的动作，那么因为加热与使冷却是相反的动作，那么expand与与contract也应该是相反的。也应该是相反的。Music， for instance，was once as groups experience.For many people now， however, music is an i

12、ndividual experience.析析:该句将人们现在对音乐的欣赏和过去对该句将人们现在对音乐的欣赏和过去对音乐的欣赏做比较，发现过去人们以群体的音乐的欣赏做比较，发现过去人们以群体的形式欣赏音乐而现在则单个人在家里欣赏。形式欣赏音乐而现在则单个人在家里欣赏。利用利用对比关系对比关系猜词猜词. 例如例如:She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but 一词表转折，因此一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思

13、是她今天。后半句的意思是她今天第一节上了一半第一节上了一半才来才来，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向准时准时的结论。的结论。利用利用因果关系因果关系猜词猜词.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果从后面的结果永远不能再运动永远不能再运动中，可以中，可以推测推测 permanent 的意思为的意思为永远的，永久的永远的，永久的

14、。1.When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colors turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.(20

15、04年NMET全国，广东卷)65.The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off” (in Para.3) means that the colors_. had weak effects on the customersB. tricked the customers into shopping C. caused the customers to lose interest D.attracted the customers strongly 通过因果法可知答案为C.(NMET2003,C篇,65) Fermats Last

16、 Theorem(定理). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order t

17、o be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text? A. To encourage people to raise questions. B. To cause difficulty in understanding. C. To provide a person with an explanation. D. To limit peoples imagin

18、ation. 解析解析:同义法同义法由句中不难看出由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使的定理使得最具数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁得最具数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁(beat)，并且，并且在句中在句中beaten和和baffled处于同等并列关系，据此处于同等并列关系，据此推断出推断出baffle为使困惑、难倒、难以理解的意思。为使困惑、难倒、难以理解的意思。故答案为故答案为B。3.(NMET2002,E篇,74) A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth

19、 Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. 74.What does the under lined word hassle probably mean? A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests解析:反义法由前句的否定doesnt与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以推断出

20、,为了庆祝孩子的生日,又不至于麻烦,可以买一个生日开心包。hassle的意思应该与fun相反,而与difficulty, trouble等相近。故答案为C。One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. (NMET 2

21、000) Which of the following can be used in place of “ Quite the reverse”? A. Quite right. B . True enough. C. Most unlikely. D. Just the opposite8. The largest player-Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices-deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana s

22、edans are the big favorite. (NMET 2001)The words “deluxe sedans”, “minivans” and “station wagons” used in the text refer to _.A. cars in the market B. car renting firmsC. cars for rent D. car makersC (A) Recently, studies have been undertaken to determine if a relationship exists between violence on

23、 television and violence in the streets of America. More and better research is needed to assess fully the effects of exposure to violence on human behavior; Exerciseshowever, early results seem to indicate that certain elements of society are influenced negatively by what they see on television.The

24、 word assess could best be replaced byA. undertakenB. determineC. indicate D. influence Remember that People on line may not be who they seem. Because you cant see or even hear the person. It would be easy for someone to misrepresent himself/herself. Thus someone who says that she is a 12-year-old g

25、irl. could really be an old man. (B) making a wrong judgment about B. understanding somebody wronglyC. giving a wrong description ofD. forming a wrong opinion about (C) Im a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I wont give it up easily. A. frighten B. brave and careless C. firm D. angry We live in a

26、materialistic society and trained from our earlier days to try to get more. This materialistic opinion has seriously influenced education. Fewer and fewer young people these days learn knowledge only for their own benefit. Every course of studies must lead somewhere, i.e. to a good deal of money. Th

27、e supply cannot satisfy the demand for skilled personnel(人才人才) and (D)big companies compete with each other to get good students from the university before they have completed their studies. Big salaries are offered to them. This kind leads to the brain drain, the process by which highly skilled peo

28、ple offer their services to the highest bidder(the company which provides them more money). The most able citizens of poorer nation move to the wealthier neighbors. As a result, the rich get richer and the poor, poorer.The underlined word means _.A.shortage of skilled personnelB. outflow of talented peopleC. job-hopping(跳槽跳槽)D. interchangeability of personnel