基于WSN的温室大棚监测系统的设计

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1、托普农业物联网缔造智慧农业，开拓农业生产新局面。基于WSN的温室大棚监测系统的设计摘要：介绍了基于WSN的传感器节点自组网、数据采集与数据传输等设计方法，实现了温室大棚内温湿度的实时采集、数据处理与传送。尤其是利用DSl305外部中断解决了WSN中的低功耗设计与时间同步问题，并且应用移动平滑滤波算法对温湿度值进行数字滤波处理，提高了检测数据的精确度。该系统解决了温室内的复杂布线问题，具有成本低、可靠性高、精确度高、实用性强等优点。关键词：无线传感器网络；移动平滑滤波算法；温室大棚监测系统0引言温室农业随着大中城市对新鲜蔬菜的需求日益高涨而得到了迅速发展。现有的温室数据采集系统大多是采用人工的或

2、预先布线的有线采集方式。人工方式加大了工作量且难以保证数据的实时性和有效性；采用有线数据采集的监测系统受地理位置、物理线路和复杂环境因素的影响具有明显的局限性。温室大棚内的环境温湿度参数对农作物的生长起着至关重要的作用，为此采用新兴的无线传感器网络技术结合先进的计算机技术、微处理器控制技术和智能传感数据采集技术设计了农业温室大棚温湿度监测系统。随着农业科技的发展，以及国家对三农的的高度重视，特别是国家2012农业国家一号文件颁发后。国家科技园、各大农业园区、农场等农业机构企业积极寻求在良种培育、节本降耗、节水灌溉、农机装备、新型肥药、疫病防控、加工贮运、循环农业、海洋农业、农村民生等方面的高新

3、技术，力求突破现存的农业技术瓶颈，真正实现现代化农业。 浙江托普仪器有限公司和浙江大学合作积极响应科技兴农政策突出农业科技创新重点，研发出农业物联网智能控制系统通过通过射频识别（rfid）、红外感应器、全球定位系统、激光扫描器等信息传感设备等新型技术将农业和互联网连接起来提大大提高了农业生产的工作效率和精细管理，避免了“瘦肉精”、 “毒辣椒粉”、“红心鸭蛋”等问题的再次发生，保证了食品的安全和产量。目前此物联系统已在全国多家科技园、示范园区、农场、科研所、院校等区域成功运行，技术稳定成熟，功能齐全。为在农业种植业、畜牧养殖业等领域的生产关键环节建立智能化控制、信息化管理的现代农业项目提供了强有

4、力的技术支持。物联网的实施将大大提高国家推进科技创新增强农产品的步伐。农业物联网将开启农业生产腾飞的新篇章。 托普农业物联网系统主要包括三个层次：感知层：采用各种传感器（如温湿度、光照、CO2、风向、风速、雨量、土壤温湿度等）获取植物的各类信息。传输层：信息通过无线网络传输系统和信息路由设备传到控制中心，各个节点可以自由配对、任意监控、互不干扰。应用层：根据WSN获取植物实时生长环境。图温湿度、光照参数等，收集各个节点的数据，进行存储和管理实现整个测试点的信息动态显示，并根据各类信息进行自动灌溉、施肥、喷药、降温补光等控制、对异常信息进行自动报警。加装摄像头可以对每个大棚和整个园区进行实时监控

5、。1 WSN简介一个典型的无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network，WSN)结构，包括传感器节点(Sensor Node)、汇聚节点(SinkNode)和管理节点(Management Node)。有时候为了通讯距离的需要，网络中可以存在一定数量的中继节点(Relay Node)。大量的Sensor Node随机部署在检测区域内，这种具有无线通信与数据处理能力的微小的Sensor Node通过自组网方式，构成自主完成指定任务的分布式智能化监测网络，并以协作的方式实现感知、采集和处理网络覆盖区域中的环境参数信息，最后通过多跳的方式将Sensor Node检测到的数据经由Si

6、nk Node链路传送到Management Node反之，用户可以通过Management Node对WSN进行配置和管理，发布监测任务和收集监测数据口。2监测系统体系结构基于WSN的温室大棚温湿度监测系统由WSN和监控主机组成。监控主机为一台PC机，用来显示、存储与处理环境温湿度数据，对WSN发送采集命令等。WSN则负责采集网络的构建以及环境温湿度数据的采集，它由sink Node，Relay Node和Sen一80r Node组成。一个典型的基于WSN的温室大棚温湿度监测系统如图1所示。Sink Node负责网络的构建并对其管理和维护，包括对新加入的Sensor Node分配网络地址，节

7、点的加入和离开，网络的安全密钥的分发更新等，并且将汇聚的各节点的数据通过串口上传给监控主机。当监控主机不便于长期在现场使用时，监测数据也可通过GPRS接入Intemet网络，将数据远传给监控主机或者将监控主机的命令在网络中发送出去，实现远程监控；SensorNode主要用来挂接各种传感器(温度和湿度传感器)，采集数据并传给Rehy Node，经Sink Node最终传给监控主机。31传感器网络节点传感器网络节点是WSN中部署到研究区域中收集和转发信息，协作完成指定任务的对象。因此，对于每个Sensor Node，除了应具有采集、处理数据功能外，还应具有无线通信的功能。因此，其硬件部分主要由微处

8、理器模块、无线通信模块、传感器数据采集模块以及其他一些外围电路和模块组成Do，体系结构如图2所示。微处理模块采用低功耗片上系统芯片CC2430，该芯片采用低功耗的CMOS工艺生产，电流损耗低(接收时：27 mA，发送时：25 mA)6-7。射频模块使用单极天线，具备14波长(A4)的单极天线，长度由式(1)给定： (1)式中f的单位为MHz，L的单位为cmSink Node和Relay Node不需挂接传感器，除不具有数据采集功能外，其余和图2所示的结构体系完全相同。32温湿度传感器系统所选用的传感器为DSl8820数字温度传感器和GY-HR006湿敏传感器。其中，数字式温度传感器DSl882

9、0的测温范围为一50110 oC，精度误差在01 oC以内，且采用单总线形式与单片机相连，减少了外部硬件电路，具有低成本、测温精度高和控制性能良好等特点。但是湿敏电阻GYHR006却需要频率为502000 l-lz的交流电来供电，可以通过软件控制单片机IO口的高低电平不断变化从而产生交流电，然后通过电阻分压得到电压值，并将其送入ADC转换口进行AD转换。两传感器均挂接于Sensor Node，按照监控主机设定好的采样频率进行温湿度采集并发送。4软件实现系统软件开发平台为IAR73B，通信协议栈采用ZStackl43110，为简化描述，软件流程将Relay Node的转发功能略去。该温湿度监测系

10、统的软件主流程见图3。首先，Sink Node发起网络的构建，等待Sensor Node的加入。Sensor Node查询已有网络并申请加入Sink Node所构建的网络，若加入成功，Sensor Node则经Sink Node向监控主机发送网络拓扑数据包，监控主机收到该网络拓扑数据包后经Sink Node向Sensor Node发送校时和定时指令。对于Sensor Node而言，在收到Sink Node发送来的校时和定时指令后，首先进行一次温湿度数据的采集与处理，具体过程如图4所示。图4中的传感器数据采集与处理机制充分利用时间间隙进行能量的低功耗调度。如果定时时间到达，节点在外部中断下唤醒，

11、首先监测自身是否还在网络中，若监测到网络的存在，则经Sink Node向监控主机发送网络拓扑数据包，之后的流程如前所述监控主机向下通讯的过程。如图3右侧所述，提出了一种WSN通讯定程度上不可靠的解决对策，即Sensor Node加入网络未成功或者未及时接收到上位机发来的校时与下次唤醒时间的指令。Sensor Node会根据通讯正常时的采样频率自动设置Sensor Node的下次唤醒时间，从一定程度上增强了监测系统的鲁棒性。5时间同步关键技术突破在分布式系统中，不同的Sensor Node都有自己的本地时钟，而分布式系统的协同工作需要Sensor Node间的时间同步，因此时间同步机制是分布式系

12、统基础和框架的一个关键技术。在该温室大棚温湿度监测系统中，Sensor Node均外接实时时钟芯片DSl305，在网络构建完成后，Sink Node会立刻接收监控主机发来的时间同步指令，然后将该信息广播给网络中的Sensor Node，Sensor Node会通过这一指令信息完成本地时钟初始化。待所有的Sensor Node时钟同步初始化之后，设定DSl305的下次唤醒时间，定时时间到则DSl305输出中断信号，将Sensor Node唤醒，响应上位机指令，完成数据的采集和发送，之后Sensor Node再次转入长时间休眠，等待下一次DSl305的中断唤醒信号。每次唤醒时，节点的工作时序如图5

13、所示。在该温湿度监控系统实际运行过程中，可以在每天固定的时刻(比如晚上0点)唤醒网络中所有节点，Sink Node会发送时钟校准信号，各Sensor Node收到校准信号，重新初始化本地时钟，从而完成整个网络的时间重新校准，进而实现整个网络的时间同步。6监测系统上位机设计监控中心控制软件以LabwindowsCVl工具作为开发环境一，分为用户界面模块、数据库模块、通信模块3大模块。其中用户界面可以实时显示温室大棚内的温湿度参数、超限报警、历史数据的记录和分析及报表的打印输出、传感器网络拓扑显示。数据库模块实现数据库的创建以及对数据库读写操作、查询等访问操作；通信模块可以实现与网关节点进行GPR

14、S通信，从而实现数据的传输，以及将数据链接Intemet实现远程数据共享。监控主界面如图6所示。该上位机设计的一个创新点在于自主开发了WSN网络拓扑结构上位机显示界面，可以实时显示网络拓扑结构及各节点的温湿度值、电池电量等节点信息，方便、直观、可视性强，而且具有历史数据存储功能。上位机的网络拓扑结构见图7。7结果测试与数据处理针对该监控系统的通讯性能进行了测试，采用3dbi的单级天线在广场和楼道内进行_测试，测试结果如表1所示。显然无论是在窄旷的广场还是狭窄的楼道内，该监测系统的无线传输能力应用在温室大棚有限的相对有限的空间内是足够的。此外，温湿度传感器工作时受温室大棚内环境和自身输入输出非线

15、性因素的影响，所以有必要在监测系统中添加对数据的平滑性处理，即对输入或输出数据序列的平均化，以压缩随机干扰，减少统计误差，提高信噪比，从而改善检测数据的质量，提高测量处理准确度。为此采用了移动平滑法对采集到的数据进行处理。其数学表达式为由于该监控系统中的使用的数字式温度传感器的精度相对较高，但是湿敏电阻的精度仅在5左右，故这里仅针对监测系统采集到的湿度值做数据平滑处理。如表2所示，给出温湿度监控系统所采集到的部分湿度值。图9则针对采集到的原始湿度值分别做了三点与五点平滑处理。由图9可以得出，未对采集到的湿度数据处理前，其上下波动在5左右，然后对采集到的数据进行平滑化处理，并且随着取样点数的增加

16、，信号的噪声衰减率将增大，同时该滤波方法滤出高频噪声的能力将进一步提升，但带来的负面影响是增加了数据处理的时间。由于WSN的一个突出优势就在于节点的低功耗，所以这就存在一个动态平衡问题，在追求采集数据精确度的同时还要考虑网络节点的功耗问题，所以最终选择哪一层次的移动平滑滤波算法可由需要来定，针对表2中的相对湿度数据，如果监测系统可以允许3一4的误差波动存在，那么只需要对采集到的数据进行三点平滑处理即可满足要求，相比之下如果允许误差波动在2或者更小时，那么数据处理程序则至少需要五点曲线平滑处理。同时，从微处理器在数据计算处理方面的局限性以及整个网络的低功耗设计方面考虑。可以适当的把数据处理程序移

17、至上位机程序来处理。结束语文中提出了基于WSN的低成本、低功耗的温室大棚温湿度监测解决方案。创新点在于利用DSl305与监控主机配合，在一定程度上解决了WSN中的时间同步问题，同时增强了监测系统的鲁棒性，从软硬件两方面综合避免了其他无线通信技术功耗高的缺点，克服了温室大棚内布线复杂的缺点，同时利用一定的数字滤波算法提高了温湿度的监测精度。该系统方案可推广到智能交通、环境保护、政府工作、公共安全、平安家居、智能消防、工业监测、老人护理、个人健康等多个领域。（英文版 ） easily blame, to prevent the broken window effect. Supervise the

18、 leading cadres to play an exemplary role, take the lead in the strict implementation of the and , lead to safeguard the solemnity and authority of the party discipline, ensure that the party discipline and the laws and regulations for implementation in place. Throughout the discipline in the daily

19、supervision and management, strengthen supervision and inspection, from the thorough investigation of violations of discipline behavior. Strengthen to key areas, key departments and key projects as well as the masses reflect the concentration of the units and departments for supervision. - strengthe

20、ning supervision, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to set an example for compliance with the and is a man must be hexyl, blacksmith needs its own hardware. Discipline inspection organs as the executor of the party discipline, and supervisor of the defenders, for its supervision must b

21、e more strictly, discipline inspection and supervision of cadres to firmly establish the awareness of Party Constitution, sense of discipline and rules consciousness, politics loyalty, sense obey. Action speak Ji Ordinance to set an example of the regulations of the rule of law, strengthen supervisi

22、on and accept the supervision of the firmness and consciousness, do comply with and . To firmly establish the discipline must first be disciplined, the supervisor will be subject to the supervision of concept, and consciously safeguard and implement party compasses party, take the lead in practicing

23、 three strict real strict, so loyal, clean, play. To be good at learning, the Constitution and the as morality, politics and brought to fruition; to implement , do not want to, dare not, not with disciplinary ruler to supervision; to discipline a ruler, often the control inspection, and consciously

24、in the ideological red line to draw the row Ming Good accumulation is indeed the bottom line, so that the heart has fear, said to have quit, the line has ended. Attached: indifferent to heart, calmly to the table in our life, there are many unpredictable things will happen, some good, some bad thing

25、s, we cannot control is powerless to stop, but with time, you will find in life sometimes turns out to be not good, some bad things finally turned out to be a good thing, but then we muddy however did not know, this is the life teach us things. 1, life can be complex, can also be simple. Want simple

26、 life of precipitation, to have enough time to reflect, to make Become more perfect. Life is the most important thing is not to win, but the struggle; not to have conquered, but to have fought well. 2, the plain is the background of life. Live a plain life, give up on themselves is not a coward, but

27、 the wise answers; not disillusioned after the heart, such as ashes, but experience the storm after the enlightenment; not unrewarding perfunctorily, but calm attitude of life of unrestrained self-confidence. Plain living, there is no noise noisy, no earthly troubles, more did not fill in the discon

28、tent of desire, some just a calm, a calm. 3, memory of heart will not good things to erase the, life is a When no movie, pain is a beginning, the struggle is a kind of process, death is a kind of ending. Give up this giving up is the helpless, do not give up the abandoned, do not give up this giving

29、 up is ignorance, do not give up should not give up is persistent. 4, a thing figured is heaven, think impassability is hell. Since the living, to live better. Sometimes we because of too narrow-minded, too care around the chores and penny wise and pound foolish, not worth the candle. Some things to

30、 attract trouble and worry, completely depends on how we look at and deal with it. Dont always take everything back to things, and dont get into a blind alley, dont want to face, dont be narrow-minded. Poke to care, is a kind of open-minded, a free and easy. 5, I am not afraid of others behind me a

31、knife, I afraid to look back and see stab me, is my intention to treat people; I am not afraid of the truth to tell the best friend, Im afraid he turned to it as a joke to tell dont 6, when we are in a positive frame of mind, you will find many good things; and when we are in a negative state of min

32、d, you will find many depressed things; life happy and worry, all is you of life attitude, optimistic, good luck; loss of sink, Eritrea company. When you are in adversity, may wish to change a point of view to think everything over to the good Think, because good mentality decided the fate of the! 7

33、, people are tired, rest; heart tired, calm. Grow up, mature, this society read. Tired and sad, squat down, to their a hug. Because the world no one can sympathize with you, have mercy on you. You cry, tears is your own; you pain, no one can understand. Then you only tears to smile. 8, each people h

34、ave youth,Each youth are a story, the life of the world never gets easier, I want what, wish the world all know, as has been the same; now want anything, for fear that others know, or like to lose the same. 9, the heart move, everything in the world is followed by birth, Rangrang, important thing is

35、 often the most difficult to open ones mouth, because words will reduce its importance; to let strangers people care about your life in the good things, the original is not easy 10, do not blame, do not laugh at who, also dont envy who. Like a person is a kind of feeling, not like a person is true.

36、The truth is easy to explain, I feel Is unspeakable. The best travel life is that you in a strange place found a long lost touched. 11, happy life not in the bustling in, and in the peace of mind; no matter how many grievances, how uncomfortable, and ultimately to heal themselves or their own, other

37、s may got you to comfort, but never know your heart is how wanjianchuanxin. 12, maam, like a movie, learn to appreciate, learn to be grateful, learn tolerance, and goodness, helping others. Instead of accusing the society, as into one; and an exception is better to give than to what 13, dont envy hi

38、m A sum of, dont lose your life and the life, respectively is: the former is a we experienced cannot escape in a day finally will last minute, while the latter is our persistent, we want to cherish the memory of those people and things. 14, learn to smile, learn to strong, the world you know so many

39、 people, so many people and you are, you cannot change also cant let everyone like you, so also do not want to do. Life is too short to go crazy to love to go to waste, to chase the dream to regret. 15, when temper, a blessing to go. A wounding elegant people, the key is to control their own emotion

40、s. With the mouth is the most stupid behavior. A control negative emotions than a can take a city more powerful water flow slow, language is expensive. People spent two years of time to learn to speak, but to spend a few years time to shut up. That is a kind of ability, that is a kind of wisdom. 16,

41、 life is not perfect, sometimes, growth is not a cry, not an eyeful of tears, there is no trace of emotion, there is no gleam of hope, no desire, no action, no static, there is only one kind of downward sinking feeling, sink A murky? 6? 7? 6? 7 sink? 6? 7? 6? 7 toward the bottom of the sink. 17, in

42、some way, do not go, you will not know the other side scenery is beautiful. To you is not good, you do not mind too much, no one has an obligation to you; you learn knowledge, is you have weapons, you can start from scratch, but not unarmed; how do you treat people, does not represent how others tre

43、at you, if cannot see through this point, only inviting worry. 18, time is like a sponge in the water, as long as you are willing to squeeze, the total water is still there. Every life, after the ups and downs The best test of live, to life, survival and continuation, do not stop the struggle in the

44、 joys and sorrows of life on the road, so that different soul to bear life beat, acceptance of suffering. 19, indifferent to heart, calmly in table, elegant and comfortable life, do not take what is so important. The pursuit will be disappointed; to be alive, you will have trouble. Life is the most

45、afraid of what all want to care about, but also what all grasp is not firm, without scenery, separated populations, such as not to desire, all docked in the fate of the end. Why is too rigid, the natural, to go stay not to live, let go of obsession, revel is 20, if the fate of the broken Hopes of sa

46、iling, please dont despair, the coast is still, if the fate of the withered petals of the beautiful, please do not sink, the spring is still, life will always be endless trouble, please dont helpless, because they are still alive, is still a dream, the sun still, we still. Lost, keep memories; to ge

47、t, must work to; but the most important is good to cherish their own. 21, life, select the complex, is to choose the pain; choose a simple, is choose to be happy. The complex world like aSignificance of pride. Hope is the ornate palace, outside people admiring the magnificent, living in the deep kno

48、wledge of living it to pay the price. Simple world as a simple log cabin outside ridiculed shabby, the heart is willing to go live to know the joy. Suffering and joy is their own choice. 22, learn how to use a single powerful heart, let the past be the past, let the future come. Life is really the e

49、nd of the end of an eagle is flying wings, life is constantly pursuit. Dont miss to regret, dont wait for old just miss. Time to return, seize every moment, again painstakingly again tired also Those struggling to fly. 23, life could not Yimapingchuan, even flat pavement, inevitably there will be a

50、few pieces of roadblocks. Some of the rocks around the past, while others have to move it out. Just move others put the stone is very easy, because the stone from the appearance we can discern; difficult to myself to move away the heart of stone head. Leave time to spend with her, often reflect my h

51、eart, so as to remove your heart of stone. 24, everything does not have to be demanding, come to, everything does not have to care about, over the past; failing to do not frown, laugh it laugh. Results Dont demand, do to; life is a simple, calm and peaceful. Always not to choose their own path and r

52、egret, life is like a train, the scenery and then the United States will retreat, the passage of time and encounter will eventually drifting further and further away, before is always himself. 25, everyone has a weakness, weakness is true humanity. That has no weakness, a shallow person. That people

53、 think there is no weakness, mostly false. Life has shortcomings, there are shortcomings is the real life. That no one regret, or childish or numbness or Self deception. It is in tolerance of weakness and so on to accept, people live happily.Hello, everyone! I am a party member. The title of my spee

54、ch is: study and implement the partys two laws, doing practical play highway. 2015 October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China promulgated the implementation of the and Chinese Communist Party discipline and punishment regulations. We Heyuan male passers-by to respond positivel

55、y to the call of the Central Committee of the party, earnestly organize the study party two regulations, truly grasp the essence and gist, and in their respective positions, to hold the bottom line of the discipline, build a strong ideological line of defense, with the courage to play, the courage t

56、o fight tough and fearless spirit, at the crucial moment well to complete the task, with practical action to test the study and implement effect Because of discipline in the * * * * * * * * * * * story. Here, let me to cast a brick to attract jade, speak about our highway. Highway line section of th

57、e road surface transformation project, last year towards the country seized will be seized one of the items. To complete this arduous task, as a project management office director Comrade, keep in mind from the Communist Party membership, recognize and identify the bottom line, strict management, an

58、d strict adherence to the quality of the project. He not only set an example, honesty and self-discipline, but also requires the management of all the members of the O.K., do not eat the construction unit one meal, do not accept the construction unit a ceremony. In this way, they didnt really dare t

59、o adhere to the principle. No comrade, constantly put on reworking an emergency meeting to Comrade Zhen to speak louder, management tube too strict. Remember in Dongguan Street, 400 meters long cement concrete surface layer, because of various reasons, the smoothness of the poor in the bottom cavity

60、, covering film traces and car imprinting quality problems, * * * inquiries, immediately rushed to the scene to understand and verify the situation, the convening of the management office, the construction units, supervision units, construction units, construction units construction time is tight, t

61、he economic loss and other reasons to intercede * unmoved. He said, now a popular word, to the discipline and rules quite in front, there are no rules Radius, you construction team not accordance with the technical specifications, quality problems, it must be to carry out rectification. Engineering

62、quality responsibility be weightier than Mount Tai, if we manage to this matterPavement quality quantity are placed the matter, we this time to learn two regulations have what use? Still what is the Communist Party? Finally, in his insisted, the road after rework, to solve these problems. In the con

63、struction of the new comrades and the project all the colleagues efforts, after four months of fighting, the project the main project was finally completed and passed inspection. Thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles Piao, this is a splendid and romantic scene. But snow for the highway, it i

64、s a disaster, a serious threat to the traffic safety. This year, a month, a century of cold wave swept from North to south, and the snow blowing to Guangdong, but also to bear the blow To * * * * the highway. In January on the evening of 23, Lianping county city temperatures dropped to minus 2 degre

65、es, a wide range of sudden rain sleet, before and after the provincial S341 line in Jiulianshan Mountain tunnel sections of the road appeared in the snow, lead to the passing vehicles skid, traffic is blocked. In the face of the sudden natural disasters, city and county highway department immediately launched the emergency plan for disaster prevention. As the front line of the main force, Lianping Highway Bureau of all Party members and cadres to remember the Pa