新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读及翻译第二单元

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1、专业好文档Unit 2Key to ExercisesI. Comprehension Check l.D 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.B l0.CII. Vocabulary Study I.l. advocated 2 extravagant 3. vulnerable 4. guru 5. potentia1 6. dispel 7. shunned 8. acc1aimed 9. enthusiasts 10. stave off 1l. attendant 12. venturedII. l. eradicated 2. enthralled 3. o

2、bso1ete 4. disproved5. foster 6. ludicrous 7. apparent 8. avert9. displaced l0. compatriots 1 l. endeavors l2. hailedIII. (略)III. Clozel.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.C ll.B l2.B l3.C l4. C l5. D 16.A l7.B l8. C l9.A 20.CIV. Translationl. Some cyber gurus claim that the Internet will Prevent

3、wars, reduce pollution, and combat various forms of inequality.2. Although the Internet undeniably fosters communications, it will not put an end to war, since wars are by no means caused simply by the failure of different peoples to understand each other adequately.3. The Internet can help reduce e

4、nergy consump1ion and pollution only if doing things online genuinely displaces real-world activities.4. The poor are not shunning the Internet because they cannot afford it The problem is that they lack the skills to exp1oit it effectively. Therefore, it makes more sense to aim for universal litera

5、cy than universa1 Internet access.5. Thanks to the Internet, income inequality between people doing similar jobs in different countries has been reduced. However, the inequality between information workers in poor countries and their poorest compatriots has been increased.6. If human nature remains

6、stubbornly unchanged, despite the claims of the techno-Prophets, humanity cannot simply invent away its failings.课文参考译文:因特网不能做什么？1 在1858年第一根横穿大西洋的通讯电缆铺设成功时，维多利亚时代的积极分子们曾欢呼说：“像电报这种为世界各国交流思想的工具诞生之后；那些根深蒂固的偏见与敌意不可能再长时间存在了。”甚至在今天，人们仍以同样的口吻谈论着各种新技术生物工程被说成是解决温饱问题的妙方。人类基因组的排序据说可以彻底根治癌症和其他疾病然而，人们把最盲目乐观的想法倾注

7、在了因特网上。网络专家们的整个行业曾用令人驰神往的美妙话语（并因此而获得了不菲的收入）称，因特网可以防止战争、减少污染；还能克服种种形式的不平等。然而，尽管因特网出现的时间不长，依旧足以激起理想主义的灵感，但它存在的时间也已长得足以判断预言家的预言正确与否了。2所有的断言中最为美妙的便是J麻省理J学院的一些专家们所宣称的：因特网是一种潜在的和平力量。一位权威尼十拉斯 内格罗蓬特说，正是由于因特网的存在，来来的孩子们“将不知道民族主义为何物”。他的同事迈克尔 德托索斯曾写道，数字化通信将带来“计算机辅助下的和平”，它“有助于避免未来种族仇恨的爆发和国家分裂的发生”。他的理念是改进了的通信手段将减

8、少误解；避免冲突。3可惜啊！这种断言并不比有关其他新技术可能促进和平的说法新鲜到哪里去。在20世纪初，人们认为飞机的发明将有助于结束战争，因为它可以增进国际间的交往，使陆军变得陈旧过时（虽然这种说法不那么可信）因为陆军容易受到来自空中的打击。在第一次世界大战的现实使这些想法都成为泡影之后，人们又把希望寄托在收音机上。“国与国之间将和平相见；”这是英国BBC电台全球广播使用的一句很好的标语。可悲的是，卢旺达电台并不认为收音机生来是一种一劳永逸的和平力量。4 人们所犯的错误就在于他们认为战争的爆发是由于不同种族间缺乏充分的理解而引起的。其实；即使真的如此；因特网也同样可用于鼓动冲突、充满憎恨的演说

9、和偏狭的见解在阴暗的角落里滋生蔓延，政府却感到难以于预、不可否认，尽管因特网可以增进交流，它却无法消除战争。5. 但是因特网可以减少能源和消耗吗？能源与气候问题解答中心(CECS）华盛顿的一个智囊团，主利又据1997和1998两年能源消耗的数字，提出了这样一种说法该中心大胆地指出，虽然美国经济在这两年中以 9的速度增长；但它的能源需求却基本保持不变，原因就在于因特网的广泛应用，因为国特网片将纸张和光盘转化成电子信号，并且可以用光纤电缆取代卡车”、难怪报纸有一条充满激情的大字标题恳求人们：“网上购物，巴拯救地球。”6.令人悲哀的是拯救地球比这要难得多。当然；与驾车去商场购物相比，在家中网上购物可

10、以减少许多污染。网上订购和送货上门意味着如果物流部门安排得当，那么用卡车运一趟便能代替多个家庭分别开车购物了。在网上读报纸、杂志和其他文献要比实际印刷、运输它们的效率高。但只有当利用网络进行活动能真正取代现实世界中的行为时，才能真正地节约能源。如果人们既在网上购物又去逛真实的商店，那么结果便是能源消耗的全面增长、由于有了因特网，欧洲人现在可以很容易上网订购一些在欧洲尚买不到的书，并花大价钱把它们从美国空运过来、如果网上读文章可以取代而不是增加大量无聊的印刷品，那它才是更有效的。7.此外，因为越来越多的办公室和家庭上网，数以百万的个人电脑、打印机、服务器和其他设备消耗了大量的能源。家用电脑正在成

11、为日常生活结构中的一部分，而且其中越来越多的电脑始终处于开机状态、一次颇具争议的估算指出：在美国，足有 8的耗电量是由联网计算机所消耗的。建设好的一些规模宏大的划务器场区”摆满计算机及其辅助冷却设备的库房一已经导致电力网络的超负荷运转，这种状况已经引起了硅谷地区的用电紧张。8如何认识因特网能减少不平等现象的说法呢？美国商业部的一项研究表明，年收入在75万美元以上的家庭与最贫困的家庭相比，前者上网率是后者的周倍还多、比尔 克林顿吃惊于贫富之间的“数字鸿沟”；辩称大家都能上网将帮助缩小收入的差距。9 但是，由于使用因特网的费用不断下降（提供免费上网的服务已基本普及，现在购买一台个人电脑比买一台录像

12、机或一台大的电视机贵不了多少）；贫富之间数字鸿沟的真正原因将逐渐凸现。穷人不用因特网并不是因为他们买不起，问题是他们缺乏必要的技能来有效地利用它、因此，我们很难明白把穷人和因特网连在一起怎么就能改善他们的经济状况。提高老百姓的文化水平要比给他们提供上网机会更有意义。IO 然而，即使是在关于因特网的非常荒谬的说法中；也可能有一些合理的成分、这种开放的网络，一个对政府来说非常难以控制的网络，可能确实能帮助给予每个公民更多的权利，并促进民主。由于民主国家间很少发生争斗，所以开放性的网络可以促进和平。就环境问题而言，因特网将使我们可以从远处对多部机器进行更为精确的监控和调试，这将提高能源使用率。对污染

13、税的征税或仅对其检测，其成本将会降低，而且易于为政府所承担。11 在某些情况下，由于有了因特网，不平等现象也有可能会减少。一位在班加罗尔或是西伯利亚的电脑编程人员。在足不出户的情况下，可以用因特网为一家在西雅图的软件公司工作；并能期望得到一份与在网络另一端工作的虚拟同事们相近的收八。其效果是减少在不同国家从事类似工作的人们之间收入上的不平等，但这么做却拉大了贫穷国家中从事信息产业的人们与他们最贫穷同胞之间收入上的差距。12因特网改变着许多事物。它已对商务领域产生了巨大的影响、公司能够把它们的系统与其产品供应商和合作伙伴直接相连；可以在网上24小时地进行交易，可以比以往更多地了解他们的顾客。经济

14、的运行因此将更有成果。对个人而言，电子邮件已经成为自电话问世之后最为重要的新型人际交流方式。13 然而，我们还不清楚因特网能够在多大程度上改变人类其他领域的活动即使地球上的每个人都与因特网相连；战争、污染和不平等依然会存在、随着新鲜事物的交替更迭，人类的本性看来还会固执地保持不变Z 不管科技预言家的预言是什么，人类的发明绝对不能克服其自身的缺陷。因特网不是第一种被人们视为万能药的技术，也肯定不会是最后一种。Key to Supplementary ReadingsA 1. C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.AB 1. T 2.F 3. F 4.F 5.T 6.TEditors note:

15、 Judson Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling st

16、atic from space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pu

17、lled the plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly un

18、der my desk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (

19、lack of) air up there Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we would b

20、e go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling, at

21、 a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scraped

22、 the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told Baum

23、gartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The

24、balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles

25、/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.Then

26、, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep

27、end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air clos

28、er to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altit

29、ude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will fr

30、ee fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.5