Disaster自然灾害英文介绍原创

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1、Natural DisasternEarthquakenVolcano eruptionnTyphoonnForest firenTsunaminPlagueEarthquakeHow Harmful Earthquake is?2008 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake magnitude 8.0 More than 69000 died 18000 disappeared Direct economy lost: 845 billion2011 3.14 Japan Earthquake magnitude 9.0 More than 14,000 died 10,000

2、disappeared More than 11,000 become homeless Nuclear leak(核泄漏)Basic Knowledge about Earthquake Earthquake：result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth Crust(地壳) that creates seismic waves(地震波). Measured by energy it released, Richter magnitude scale（里氏地震级）. Types of Earthquake Fault(断层) types :

3、normal, reverse (thrust) and strike-slip Depth of earthquake occurring:Shallow-focus(less than 70km)mid-focus(70-300km) deep-focus (300 to 700km)Shaking and ground ruptureLandslides and avalanches（山体滑坡、雪崩）FiresSoil liquefaction（地陷）Tsunami（海啸）Floods Effects of EarthquakeEarthquake safety tips If you

4、are indoors：stay there. Quickly move to a safe location in the room such as under a strong desk, a strong table, or along an interior wall. If you are cooking： turn off the stove and take cover. If you are outdoors：move to an open area If you are driving：slow down smoothly and stop on the side of th

5、e roadThanks ！Volcano eruptionThe Word VolcanoThe word volcano comes from the Roman god of fire, Vulcan.Structure of volcano单击此处添加内容Types of Volcanoes 单击此处添加内容单击此处添加标题单击此处添加内容单击此处添加标题单击此处添加内容Below:MountKilauea,Hawaii Cinder VolcanoesCinder Volcanoes单击此处添加内容Composite VolcanoesComposite Volcanoes单击此处添

6、加内容Volcano HazardsVolcano Hazards 单击此处添加内容Volcano benefitsVolcano benefits黑曜石、浮石黑曜石、浮石 熔岩中的气体嗝熔岩中的气体嗝 火火山山温温泉泉羊羊八八井井地地热热站站Volcano in China单击此处添加内容云南腾冲火山国家地质公园长白山天池火山 台湾龟山岛火山海南琼北火山Volcano in universeQuestion: Question: What is the biggest (shield) volcano biggest (shield) volcano in our Solar System?

7、 Solar System?Answer: Olympus Mons (Answer: Olympus Mons (on planet Mars)Mars)珠穆朗玛峰和珠穆朗玛峰和OlympusMons规模比较规模比较 Volcano in universe珠穆朗玛峰和珠穆朗玛峰和OlympusMons规模比较规模比较THANK YOU !TyphoneTyphoonThe Name of Typhoon Typhoon is from Greek word (typhein), meaning to smoke. In Greek mythology,typhein is Gaias son

8、, which is a Monster with one hundred heads. Different calls Therearemanycallsof“Typhoon”indifferentplaces. Western North Pacific and South China Sea called Typhoon . Western Atlantic, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and the eastern North Pacific called Hurricanes Indian Ocean Cyclone . Philippines called

9、 Baguio. Australian aborigines called the typhoon Willy-Willy.The Form of Typhoon Six main requirements for typhoon formation and development: sufficiently warm sea surface temperatures atmospheric instability high humidity in the lower to middle levels of the troposphere enough Coriolis force to de

10、velop a low pressure center a pre-existing low level focus or disturbance low vertical wind shear. Peak Monthes and the Landing Area The typhoons of China mostly come from the northwestern Pacific ocean. The landing time mostly from July to November.The earlist one would land in May, while the last

11、one ofen occurs in December. The landing area is almost throughout the entire coastal area of China,especilly in Southeast China.Guangdong is a coastal region with the highest number of typhoon, followed by Taiwan, Hainan, Fujian and Zhejiang.The Destruction from TyphoonThe Destruction from Typhoon

12、Cause waterlogging and flooding Traffic gridlock Inundated farmland, grain reduction in production or crops Destruction of the power supply system, resulting in power outages Destruction of urban green systemName 10 typhoon names presented by the Chinese: Dragon King, ( Sun) monkey, rabbit, petrels,

13、 Aeolus, Poseidon, Rhododendron, electric mother, hippocampus ,begonia. 龙王、（孙）悟空、玉兔、海燕、风神、海神、杜鹃、电龙王、（孙）悟空、玉兔、海燕、风神、海神、杜鹃、电母、海马母、海马、海棠海棠 These names show few disaster meanings.On the contrast,most of then are with meaning of civilization and peace, such as jasmine, rose, pearls, lotus, clouds and so

14、on. When the typhoon makes serious damage in some areas, the country or region can present a new name instead.Forest Firelsurface fire (地表火地表火)lcanopy fire (林冠火林冠火)lsubsurface fire (地下火地下火)naturalman-made organic material not less than 18% volcanic eruption lightning fire lweatherlterrains (地形地形)sun

15、ny slope(阳坡阳坡)steep hill（陡坡）（陡坡） forest land（林地）（林地）high temperaturecontinuous drought strong winds periodical（周期性）（周期性）lannual（dry years）lseasonal (winter)ldaily (midday )lair environmentlecological systemlsocial stabilitylmonitoring technology lsatellite remote sensing lmans consciousness TsunamiT

16、sunami What is “tsunami”? The great waves “tsunami” is a series of traveling ocean waves of extremely long length generated by earthquakes occurring blow or near the ocean , submarine landslides and eruptions.Damage A Pacific-wide tsunami generated by the 1960 Chile Earthquake . The Great Alaskan Ea

17、rthquake of 1964 produced deadly tsunami waves in Alaska, Oregon and California. in 1992 and 1993 over 2,000 people were killed by tsunamis occurring in Nicaragua, Indonesia and Japan. 2004 Indian Ocean tsunamithe, killing around 230,000 people.What Cause Tsunamis? earthquakes submarine landslides s

18、ubmarine volcanic eruptions a large meteorite（陨石） impact in the ocean underwater volcanic eruption and landslidesTsunami Warning Centers The Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (ATWC) in Palmer, Alaska. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) in Ewa Beach, Hawaii. The Pacific Tsunami Warning System (PTW

19、S). Other National tsunami warning centers.What You Should Do? Follow the advice of teachers and other school personnel.(in school) Move in the evacuation site or to any safe place . Follow the advice of local emergency and law enforcement authorities.(at home) Move immediately to higher ground. DO

20、NOT wait for a tsunami warning to be announced. (at the beach or near the ocean)Tips Should not let this natural hazard diminish your enjoyment of the beach and ocean. PlaguePlague(瘟疫)is an epidemic (传染病）of infectious disease that is spreading through human popula-tions across a large region; for in

21、stance multiple continents , or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. The emergence of the epidemic shall meet The emergence of the epidemic shall meet the following conditions:the following conditions: 1.

22、A new pathogen appears in the crowd. 2.The pathogen cause infection and serious medical problems. 3.The pathogens is Infectious, particularly among humans.Pandemics and notable epidemics through history1 1、Plague of AthensPlague of Athens 430 BC. Typhoid fever killed a quarter of the Athenian troops

23、, and a quarter of the population over four years. 2、Plague of Justinian from 541 to 750, was the first recorded outbreak of the bubonic plague. It caused Europes population to drop by around 50% between 550 and 700 million.3、Black Deathstarted 14th century. The total number of deaths worldwide is e

24、stimated at 75 million people. It was the first of a cycle of European plague epidemics that continued until the 18th century.4 4、SmallpoxSmallpox The disease killed an estimated 40 million Euro-peans per year during the closing years of the 18th century. During the 20th century, it is estimated tha

25、t smallpox was responsible for 300500 million deaths.4 4、SmallpoxSmallpox The disease killed an estimated 40 million Euro-peans per year during the closing years of the 18th century. During the 20th century, it is estimated that smallpox was responsible for 300500 million deaths.HIV and AIDSHIV ,the

26、 virus that causes AIDS, is currently a pandemic.It spread to the United States and much of the rest of the world beginning around 1969.SARSSARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) Between November 2002 and July 2003 an outbreak of SARS in Hong Kong nearly became a pandemic. And within weeks SARS spr

27、ead from Hong Kong to infect individuals in 37 countries in early 2003.InfluenzaThe first influenza pandemic was recorded in 1580 and since then influenza pandemics occurred every 10 to 30 years. The Hong Kong Flu, 196869. An H3N2 caused about one million people worldwide. Influenza A (H3N2) viruses

28、 still circulate today. The cause of the civilization appeared are the same as the infectious diseases, such as population increase, setting down, engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, etc, and the plague is a unavoidable consequences of the wave of civilization in globalization trend.What can we do with the plague?Prevention measuresEnvironmental sanitation. Educating the public on ways to preventplague exposures. 3.Preventive antibiotic therapy.