同步人教英语选修九新突破阶段综合测评4 Word版含答案

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1、阶段综合测评(四)(时间：100分钟；满分：120分).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)APlants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the

2、world，changing some living patterns，scientists say.Increased carbon dioxide (CO2)in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.“Predicting species reaction to climat

3、e change is a major challenge in ecology，”said the researchers of several US. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.The study, published on the Nature website, uses the findi

4、ngs from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1，634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.“Across all species, the experiments underpredicted the speed of the advancefor both leafing an

5、d floweringthat results from temperature increases，” the study said.The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis (光合作用)

6、to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.Scientists believe the worlds average temperature has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979.So far, efforts to cut emissions(排放)of planetwarmi

7、ng greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 this centurya point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.【语篇解读】本文为科普类文章。文章论述了全球变暖的气候环境会让植物

8、提前开花，进而影响整个食物链及生态系统。1What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?APlants reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.BThe increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists expectation.CClimate change leads to the change of food production patterns.DFood cha

9、ins have been seriously damaged because of weather.【解析】细节理解题。第一段话给读者传达的主要信息存在于主句，而不是which所引导的定语从句上。根据“Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)”可知，作者是要告知读者植物开花的增速超出了科学家的预测。故选B。A为次要信息。【答案】B2We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that Aplants flowering is 8.5 times

10、 faster than leafingBthere are 1，634 plant species on the fourcontinentsCscientists should improve the design of theexperimentsDthe experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段“It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering by 8.5 times

11、 and leafing by 4 times.”可知暗示读者：对于植物所设计的实验应该有所改进，故答案选C。【答案】C3Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because Athey can prove the climate change clearlyBthey are very important in the food chainsCthey play a leading role in reducing global warmingDthey are growing and flowering much f

12、aster than before【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.”可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。故答案选B。【答案】B4What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the worlds temperat

13、ure?AIt has risen nearly 0.2 since 1979.BIts change will lead to weather extremes.CIt is 0.8 higher in 1979 than that of 1900.DIt needs to be controlled within 2 in this century.【解析】推理判断题。从倒数第二段“.has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979.”可知A、C项错误；从最后一段叙述可知，如果本世纪地球

14、变暖超过2，便会出现weather extremes。暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在2的范围之内。故答案选D。【答案】DBThe production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, fullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shadegrown production to full

15、sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance.On a local level, the damage of the forest required by fullsun fields affects the areas birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other speci

16、es (物种) that depend on the trees flowers and fruits. Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result，many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for fullsun coffee fields also threatens (威胁) human life. Medical research often makes use of

17、 the forests plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition, new coffeegrowing techniques are poisoning the water locally，and eventually the worlds groundwater.Both locally and globally, the continued spread of

18、 fullsun coffee plantations (种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the worlds climate，and studies show that the loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing tech

19、niques are contributing to acidic (酸性的) soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shadegrown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. Th

20、e future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。咖啡豆的新的种植技术带来了很大的利润，但与此同时也给我们带来了很多危害，影响我们生活的各个层面，因此我们要做出正确的选择。5What can we learn about fullsun coffee production from Paragraph 4?AIt limits the spread of new growing techniques.BIt leads t

21、o air pollution and global warming.CIt slows down the loss of shade trees.DIt improves local soil conditions.【解析】细节理解题。由文章第四段中的“.the loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.”可知B项正确。由第四段第一句可知，是扩大了而不是限制了新种植技术的传播，故A项错误；它破坏了雨林生态系统，而不是减慢了这些树的丧失速度，故C项错误；由第四段最后一句可知，这种新的种植技

22、术导致了酸性土壤状况而不是改进了土壤状况，故D项错误。【答案】B6The purpose of the text is to AentertainBadvertiseCinstructDpersuade【解析】观点态度题。通读全文可知，本文向大家介绍咖啡豆的新的种植技术所带来的不良影响，旨在说服大家做出正确的选择，故选D项persuade(说服)。entertain娱乐，advertise做广告，instruct指导，均不合适。【答案】D7Where does this text probably come from?AAn agricultural magazine.BA medical j

23、ournal.CAn engineering textbook.DA tourist guide.【解析】推理判断题。本文向大家介绍咖啡豆的新的种植技术所带来的不良影响，这属于农学的范畴，因此最有可能出自一本农学杂志，故选A项。B项A medical journal(一本医学杂志)，C项An engineering textbook(一本工程教科书)，D项A tourist guide(一本旅行指南)，均不正确。【答案】A8Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?(P：Paragraph)【解析】文章结构题。通读

24、全文可知，文章第一段从整体上介绍咖啡豆的新的种植技术带来的危害，中间第二、三、四段详细介绍了具体的危害，最后一段介绍这种新的种植技术影响我们生活的各个层面，消费者要做出正确的选择。因此，整篇文章属于“总分总”结构，故选A项。【答案】ACWhat Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isnt a prerequisite for a modern growyourown lifestyle.On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles，Loe and her family grow，can(装罐)and

25、preserve much of the food they consume.Loe is a master food preserver，gardener and canning expert.She also operates a website，where she shares her tips and recipes，with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control whats on their plate.Loe initially went to school to become an e

26、ngineer，but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food.“I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs (香草)and foods for that fresh flavor，”she said.Engineer by day，Loe learned cooking at night school.She ultimately purchased a small

27、piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.“I teach people how to live farmfresh without a farm，”Loe said.Through her website Loe emphasizes that“anybody can do this anywhere.”Got an apartment with a balcony(阳台)? Plant some herbs.A window? Perfect spot for growing.Start with he

28、rbs，she recommends，because “theyre very forgiving.”Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level，”she added.“I think its a great place to start.”Then? Try growing something from a seed，she said，like a tomato or some tea.Canning is a natural extension of the planting

29、she does.With every planted food，Loe noted，theres a moment when its bursting with its absolute peak flavor.“I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar，”Loe said.“Canning for me is about knowing whats in your food，knowing where it comes from.” In addition to being more in touch with the foo

30、d shes eating，another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children：“Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture，”she said，“that if we dont take care of the earth，no one will.”【语篇解读】本文

31、是一篇记叙文。Theresa Loe是一个热爱生活的人，她用自己的方式带领全家在现代生活中找到一条特有的自给自足的生活方式。不仅如此，她还想用这种方式来教育自己的孩子们从小就要树立保护地球的意识。9The underlined word“prerequisite”(Para.1)is closest in meaning to “ ”ArecipeBsubstituteCrequirementDchallenge【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句中的a large farm和第二句可知，很多人都以为要做到自给自足就要有一个大农场，但是在Loe看来，大农场并不是这种生活方式的必要条件，只要另辟

32、蹊径，就能找到解决问题的方法。由此可知画线的单词与requirement意思最接近，所以选择C项。【答案】C10Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?AThey are used daily.BThey are easy to grow.CThey can grow very tall.DThey can be eaten uncooked.【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的because“theyre very forgiving.”可知，Loe建议从种植香草开始，是因为这种植物对你的要求不苛刻，很容易成活，所以选择B项。而根据下一句话可知把香草作

33、为调料会让你做的饭味道大大改善，但是不能由此推断出这种调料每天都被使用，所以不能选择A项。C项和D项在文中没有提及。【答案】B11According to Loe，what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?AIt can preserve their best flavor.BIt can promote her online sales.CIt can better her cooking skills.DIt can improve their nutrition.【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段中的“its bursting with

34、 its absolute peak flavor”和“keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar”可知，Loe这样做是为了最大限度地保存食物最好的味道，与A项中的preserve their best flavor吻合。由此可以排除B、C、D三项。 【答案】ADWhen a leafy plant is under attack，it doesnt sit quietly.Back in 1983，two scientists，Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin，reported that young maple trees g

35、etting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds，VOCs for short.Scientists have foun

36、d that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.Its a plants way of crying out.But is anyone listening？Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract diff

37、erent insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive，the tables are turnedThe attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study，it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors.The damage is usually more serious on the first plant，but the neighbors，re

38、latively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other？Scientists dont know.Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches，and so，in effect，was talking to itself.Perhaps the neighbors jus

39、t happened to“overhear”the cry.So information was exchanged，but it wasnt a true，intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin，over 150 years ago，imagined a world far busier，noisier and more intimate(亲密的)than the world we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.Theres a whole lot going on.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主

40、要介绍了植物受到袭击时会释放出某种化学物质来保护自己并“告知”附近的植物。12What does a plant do when it is under attack?AIt makes noises.BIt gets help from other plants.CIt stands quietly.DIt sends out certain chemicals.【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“.reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighb

41、oring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.”可知，植物受到袭击时会散发出一种特殊的气味，而这种特殊的气味就是某些化学物质，故选D项。A、B两项无中生有，文章并没有提及制造声响和从其他植物那儿获取帮助的信息；C项曲解文意，第一段中的“.it doesnt sit quietly.”不等于“It stands quietly.”。【答案】D13What does the author mean by“the tables are turn

42、ed” in Paragraph 3?AThe attackers get attacked.BThe insects gather under the table.CThe plants get ready to fight back.DThe perfumes attract natural enemies.【解析】句意猜测题。根据第三段中的“They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.(它们散发出气味意在吸引不同的昆虫，这些昆虫是

43、袭击者的天敌)”，以及画线部分后的“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.(正在吃午餐的袭击者现在就变成了午餐)”可知，画线部分的意思是袭击者受到了它的天敌的袭击，故选A项。B、C两项无中生有，文中未提及B项“昆虫聚集在桌子下”、C项“植物们准备还击”；D项“气味吸引了天敌”，文中确实提到此事，但它提到的是吸引了袭击者的天敌。【答案】A14Scientists find from their studies that plants can Apredict natural disastersBprotect themselves aga

44、inst insectsCtalk to one another intentionallyDhelp their neighbors when necessary【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.”和“They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.”可知，植物能保护自己免受昆虫的伤害，故选B项。A项无中生有，文中并未提

45、及A项“预测自然灾害”；C项曲解文意，根据第五段最后一句可知，“植物不是在彼此故意交谈”；D项中的when necessary与文意不符。【答案】B15What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThe world is changing faster than ever.BPeople have stronger senses than before.CThe world is more complex than it seems.DPeople in Darwins time were more imaginative.【解析】推理判断题。根据最后

46、一段可知，达尔文设想了一个远比现实世界更繁忙、更喧嚣和更亲密的世界，而我们的感官却非常弱，我们还有很长的路要走。由此可知，世界似乎比它看上去的样子更复杂，故选C项。A项无中生有，最后一段并没有提及世界变化快慢的信息；B项颠倒是非，最后一段说人们的感官很弱，而B项“人们有比以前更强的感官”，两者正好相反；D项偷换概念，文章只是说“达尔文设想”，并没有说达尔文时期的人们想象力更加丰富。【答案】C.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)How to Make Someone Feel Good about Bad GradesAcknowledge that the subject migh

47、t have been difficult for them. 16 Sometimes its also good to slightly point out a different area or subject that you have trouble with, just to assure them that they arent the only ones struggling with something. 17 Help them on any questions they are confused with, and if they still dont get it, t

48、alk it over with them! Ask them if they would like some extra help with that specific part. Getting extra help is a good idea if they are struggling with something others in the class are understanding.Encourage them to communicate. 18 Encourage the student to talk to their teacher about what the te

49、acher isnt doing well or what they could do to do better.Be supportive.Nobody likes getting bad grades，especially if they felt that they honestly did work really hard. 19 Let them know that it isnt the end for them. They still have a lot of opportunities to achieve.Give them words of courage and exp

50、ress the importance of attitude. 20 You should let them know that if they want to succeed they will need to hang on to their patience and determination. Patience and determination should not conflict with each other. Most of successful people were driven by the determination to succeed in their soul

51、.AKeep track of your grades.BEverybody has strengths and weaknesses.CSometimes, teachers have no idea whether or not a teaching method is successful.DBad grades wont bring you a bad future, but a bad attitude will do.EAsk them what specific part of the course or test they have trouble on.FThis will

52、improve your brainpower and you will be able to memorize more information at school.GLet them know that youre there to help them if they need it and that youre sure theyll do better next time.【答案】1620BECGD.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)Hidden passengers traveling in ships，trains，or even cars can be a ter

53、rible troubleespecially when they are insects.As for this，there is a great 21 between human beings and insects.The former 22 every possible effort to avoid being discovered, while the latter quickly 23 attention to themselves.We can only show mercy to the 24 man who had to stop his car soon after 25

54、 from a country village to drive to London.Hearing a strange noise from the 26 of the car，he naturally got out to 27 the wheels carefully，but he found nothing wrong，so he 28 his way.Again the noise began 29 and became even louder.Quickly 30 his head，the man saw what appeared to be a great 31 cloud f

55、ollowing the car.When he stopped at a village further on，he was told that a queen bee must be hidden in his car as there were thousands of bees 32 On learning this，the man drove away as quickly as possible.After an hours 33 driving，he arrived safely in London，where he parked his car outside a 34 and

56、 went in.It was not long 35 a customer who had seen him arrive 36 in to inform him that his car was 37 with bees.The poor driver was 38 that the best way should be to call a 39 In a short time the man arrived.He found the unwelcome passenger hidden near the wheels at the back of the car.Very thankfu

57、l to the driver for this 40 gift，the beekeeper took the queen and her thousands of followers home in a large box.【语篇解读】旅途中的船、火车甚至是汽车上的藏匿者会是个大麻烦，尤其是昆虫的时候。本文讲了一个从乡村驱车去往伦敦的人，车上藏了一只蜂王继而被一群蜜蜂追随一路，到达伦敦后找到一位养蜂人才解决了这一问题。21A.connectionBdifferenceCcommunicationDsimilarity【解析】后文的语境告诉我们，这里应该选difference，因为人会尽力躲藏

58、，以免被人发现，而昆虫却恰恰相反。【答案】B22A.doBtakeCmakeDtry【解析】make every possible effort是固定短语，意思是“尽一切努力”，相当于try ones best。【答案】C23A.giveBkeepCpayDdraw【解析】draw attention to sb.是一个常见的搭配，意思是“引起某人注意”。former意思是“前者”，latter意思是“后者”。【答案】D24A.unfortunateBcarelessCunpleasantDhopeless【解析】后文语境交代了，这个人不走运，unfortunate意思是“不幸运”；carel

59、ess意思是“粗心的”；unpleasant“不舒适”；hopeless“无望的”。【答案】A25A.passing byBleaving outCsetting outDgetting up【解析】pass by意思是“经过”；get up意思是“起床，站起来”；leave out意思是“遗漏”，这三个在此句中均不合适。set out是“出发”的意思。【答案】C26A.frontBbackCleftDright【解析】后文的near the wheels at the back of the car作了提示，这里指靠近后车轮的部位，所以选B。【答案】B27A.cleanBchangeCtes

60、tDexamine【解析】examine意思是“仔细检查”；test是“检验”的意思，其他两个与题意不符合，在这里不合适。【答案】D28A.droveBcontinuedCpushedDforced【解析】在这里指他没有发现差错，所以就“继续”他的旅行。【答案】B29A.normallyBgentlyCactuallyDimmediately【解析】这里是说车一发动起来，声音马上就来了，强调动作之快。【答案】D30A.hidingBturningCshakingDraising【解析】这里用turn表示回头看。其他与题意不符。【答案】B31A.blackBbeautifulCwhiteDcol

61、orful【解析】他看到一片黑云追随在车后，说明蜜蜂之多，大有铺天盖地之势。【答案】A32A.belowBaheadCnearbyDbehind【解析】根据上下文可以看出，这里指蜜蜂在附近飞行，而不是在下面、前头、后面，这些说的位置都太具体了。【答案】C33A.boringBcarefulCexcitingDhard【解析】从上下文可以看出，到处都是蜜蜂，因为被蜜蜂追逐，所以感到很“艰难”。【答案】D34A.hotelBmuseumChospitalDschool【解析】从上下文语境可以看出这里指来到一家旅馆门前。【答案】A35A.whenBafterCuntilDbefore【解析】句型It

62、 was not long before.意思是“不久就”，这里指刚到这里不久就有一个旅客告诉他他的车被蜜蜂围了起来。【答案】D36A.brokeBmovedChurriedDdropped【解析】hurried在这里表示急切的心情。【答案】C37A.crowdedBcoveredCfilledDequipped【解析】crowded意思是“拥挤”；filled意思是“充满”；equipped意思是“装备”，这几个词与题意不符。这里指他的车被蜜蜂所覆盖。be covered with意思是“被所覆盖”。【答案】B38A.advisedBrequiredCorderedDrequested【解析

63、】advise“建议”；require“要求”；order“命令”；request“请求”。这里是有人建议他去找一个养蜂人来收拾。【答案】A39A.beekeeperBpolicemanCwaiterDrepairman【解析】此题应该结合常识来选择，我们知道只有养蜂人能熟知蜜蜂的生活习性，能够应付这种局面。【答案】A40A.unfamiliarBunknownCunexpectedDuncertain【解析】对养蜂人来说，不花钱就得到了一只大蜂王，这是一个没有料想到的、意外的礼物。【答案】C.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)Tony and I are good friends.We tried to walk across the United States of America.Were not exactly sure why we we