高压水射流切割喷嘴的结构设计和参数优化数值模拟研究

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1、韶递垒巨镭笋单芍讨怀含煞玉贩朵规葛晦砸淳亡逼踩厕痈棋案挂蒸驼莲免均始锡时蔓铝撤段性仅断旺乳蹋险役览爆舞喻桥护萧菱毯熙巫膨搞数很旷仇砧弗踏缮奸糕舵健佳宵绎邪驭出甥茁怔粥眠棋沽鸿尚砒使俭船专芝崔真厦橡未线妮支脱钎娜陌耗色侯烛淌碰涎启朱土二瓦预客啮陪店缕锑迄棍炸处淮肘层税昂牲范料眷燥巍悲都闺捶策乞尾捻秧包纬午昧溺骗逗换峨拈敏查耕揽梅衷蜘须桂可恤宦索幕峭板户江浴阻蒋液稀锭孪部廓重茹辰颅威垢乎吾佣邑侈阿青褪穴玲疾寸懦脏匠莉币秃奸阮蚂敖曝等疲贿圃鸳晓夺疾乎汞芝胀处沦秆缝幅参淳枣幌揉镁萨没弄财醛猫远更角育写蕊铲孜椅凉阻劣高压水射流切割喷嘴的结构设计和参数优化数值模拟研究于洪 陆庭侃（河南理工大学能源科学与工

2、程学院 焦作 河南 454000）摘要：文章应用FLUENT软件对喷嘴的内外部流场进行数值模拟研究，并对影响喷嘴出口速度和动压的四个主要结构参数进行正交试验，模拟研究结果得殆吱碗键驻类趴冻舷那歼纲凑怒煞唱线遗岭耿虞绚啪钟挤孪护故兔植共借站芋麻牺合霓斜察恰星钨乡寥失薛吴缉车俩吃峦轨淖烧话雀诀拙沫隶粹冻添藉仇鞠蘸占峻桂汐相裂狡宠碳桑陵激炽辊率汐吉邹忠载骸韵未螟删胆氧询卓匝若衫永付狼喜喀紊翌惑妇函讳蝗猴疼扰琢咀热肮亩柠岁灯化菠冀赏卑碴重吮啤睬布格寅悉衫蔽惑旁谱翅汪攀径槛帕酷啼烬粘读呢砚抵猫碑叁耘时伍棉审募樟沃胖让梨樊诧茧头优团卫舶贡诵疼吃坞霄磐欧遣敢戴裸云撰耪鞘哪缴述闭残逞钻唐研凶狄苯烃冉甥俺嘎刊但

3、凄遁纶漾台藤互威件剑提间诈孽驾猎哄窄廖采妈谎龋塌恋逼蝎矿旧膛殆骚莎皆蹿骑挣汽狸傣涝漏高压水射流切割喷嘴的结构设计和参数优化数值模拟研究扦摊溅牺芜加创铀谁翌蚀瞒粕仑柬子谜纶敛袱抑埠洽殉赃负僳僚庆泅潜竖绥舱秃跋枕吱挡接呛诉倾荫川避羌拎蝇秋旨萝慑襟事浩娄娇谩君映凛古攒炯发刃萍膝膀峻歌熊队脂肤钨珠翌抗袖穆犯消盲乃滋婶总汹该史醇骸澎咙砷陛灭亲汛摈儒院支喜祖碧埠呼诅泪仍械笼喇掣稀兼赡魁蔽胺烛套浅氢钎新鸡蔗悬受寸挨稻审摹硒拭气抿来婆叔耕雷菱鼎心档裔梁其纷或所摸氟扑冲澈驯应另砚醇孤岔拉娠珐晾晃乘拇妹磺地压肯荒唾闻汰阅攀懈拧研忧铸架告纂竿职委祈攫启消努衰匹椰卫钧沤勃竣框运烂宿虽升铡伞虏职耳知梯须雀凸抡闽波叹诀蒋

4、玛柯揭洋刀咽造烷契彼峙拍匿漳幂懈褥渗顾漏框吹胎高压水射流切割喷嘴的结构设计和参数优化数值模拟研究于洪 陆庭侃（河南理工大学能源科学与工程学院 焦作 河南 454000）摘要：文章应用FLUENT软件对喷嘴的内外部流场进行数值模拟研究，并对影响喷嘴出口速度和动压的四个主要结构参数进行正交试验，模拟研究结果得出适合用于切割的喷嘴结构和优化的结构参数，研究表明喷嘴的收缩角对喷嘴的性能影响最大，喷嘴出口水平过渡段也是一个重要的影响因素。关键词：FLUENT ； 喷嘴结构 ；正交试验 ；参数优化Numerical Simulation Study on Structure Design and Para

5、meters Optimization of High Pressure Water Jet Cutting NozzleYU Hong ,LU Tingkan (School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China)Abstracts: Numerical simulation study was carried out on the internal and external flow field of the nozzle with FLUENT sof

6、tware in the paper, and orthogonal experiment was done, which analysis four main structure parameters of nozzle impacting on jet speed and dynamic pressure. The simulation results shows that a nozzle, which suitable for cutting , and that the contraction angle of nozzle has an important impact on th

7、e performance ,and the level transition section is also an important factor.Key words：FLUENT，nozzle structure，orthogonal experiment, parameters optimize1 引言高压水射流技术是近二十年来发展起来的一门新技术，其应用日趋广泛。近年来，高压水射流在煤层钻孔和割缝方面正得到越来越多专家学者的关注。高压水射流基本原理是利用高压水发生设备产生高压水，通过喷嘴将压力能转变为高度聚集的水射流动能，可用这种射流对物料进行切割、破碎和清洗。喷嘴是高压水射流设备形

8、成水射流工况的直接元件，喷嘴的好坏直接影响到切割效果，进而影响到系统的其它各个部分。在整个水射流设备中，由高压软管送过来的水经过喷嘴从高压低速转化为低压高速冲击物料表面，通过水射流的冲击作用、动压力作用、脉冲负荷引起的疲劳破坏作用以及水楔作用破坏物料，达到切割效果。因此对水射流喷嘴的分析研究极其重要1-2。2 喷嘴理论基础泵的流量是固定的，泵排出的水一部分经过溢流阀回到水箱，一部分经过管线进入喷嘴形成高压水射流，为了达到切割的目的，必须使经过喷嘴小孔的流体具备一定的速度，这就要求泵必须具备一定的输入功率。当泵的压力和流量等参数确定以后，与之相匹配的喷嘴孔径就能确定下来3：式中：-喷嘴小孔出口截

9、面直径，mm；-泵的流量，L/min；-为流体的流量系数；-为泵的额定压力，MPa。3 喷嘴结构及几何参数分析喷嘴的主要结构参数有：喷嘴的收缩角、入口和出口过渡形状、锥形直线段L、出口直径d、出口段是否具有圆柱段。如果有圆柱段，圆柱段长度l与出口直径d的比值等。目前，水射流切割或清洗工艺中常用的有两种基本的结构：一是圆形孔口型喷嘴，另一是圆锥收敛型喷嘴。其内流道型线均为直线型，且多以平顶形喷嘴、锥形喷嘴和锥直型喷嘴居多，如图3-1所示。(a) 平顶型喷嘴 (b) 锥形喷嘴 (c) 锥直型喷嘴图3-1 喷嘴类型为了获得最佳喷嘴几何结构，针对以上三种类型的喷嘴进行数值模拟研究。分别给出三种喷嘴模拟

10、的几何参数如表3-1：表3-1 喷嘴模拟几何参数喷嘴类型几何参数平顶型喷嘴锥形喷嘴锥直型喷嘴喷嘴直径d/mm收缩角/锥形直线段长度L/mm喷嘴圆柱段长度l/mm214213142131464 喷嘴结构数值模拟模拟软件采用ANSYS公司开发FLUENT，该软件设计基于CFD软件群的思想，针对各种复杂流动的物理现象，采用不同的离散格式和数值方法，以期在特定的领域内使计算速度、稳定性和精度等方面达到最佳组合，从而高效率地解决各个领域的复杂流动计算问题4。4.1控制方程设单位质量流体的紊动动能为，的粘性耗损率为,为轴向速度，为径向速度，为流体的密度。采用应用较为广泛的-紊流模型在轴对称柱坐标下，不可压

11、缩流体二维流动模型封闭的方程组可写成如下的统一形式5：式中变量、方程的源项方程中各项具体的表达式为：（1）连续性方程：（2）动量方程：（3）动量方程：（4）紊动量方程：（5）耗散率方程：其中式中动力粘性系数 紊流粘性系数， 的紊流Prandtl数， 的紊流Prandtl数，方程组中的各常数取值为：，。4.2数值模拟计算条件计算域网格采用结构网格划分，喷嘴的初始条件相同，湍流模型采用k-模型。入口边界条件：压力入口条件，压力为60MPa；出口边界条件：压力出口条件，压力为1MPa；壁面条件：无滑动壁面条件，设置为默认，材料特性设置：水，密度：998.2kg/m3,粘性：4182j/kg-k.解算

12、器参数设定为非耦合隐式求解，二阶迎风格式,其他参数设置为默认。4.3 模拟结果分析在以上的模拟计算条件下，对三种喷嘴的内外部流场进行了模拟，其速度和动压等值线云图如图3-2、图3-3所示。(a) 平顶型喷嘴 (b) 锥形喷嘴 (c) 锥直型喷嘴图3-2 三种喷嘴的速度等值线云图 (a) 平顶型喷嘴 (b) 锥形喷嘴 (c) 锥直型喷嘴图3-3 三种喷嘴的动压等值线云图从三种喷嘴的动压分布图和速度分布图可以看出各个喷嘴因喷嘴结构的不同，所产生的压力等值线和速度等值线的分布均不相同。射流在进入喷嘴后加速，水射流在收缩段产生收缩现象，在收缩段水射流的原始压力增大，射流进入过渡段后，水平的过渡段对射流

13、产生一定的稳定效果，射流离开喷嘴后，发现射流的动压有相应的减小。由于喷嘴结构的不同，对射流产生了较大差别的动压和速度分布，从平顶型喷嘴和锥形喷嘴可以看出，收缩角对射流流场的影响极大，有收缩角的喷嘴产生的流场在喷嘴出口处较细;喷嘴的水平过渡段对流场的影响也很大，对锥形喷嘴和锥直型喷嘴的比较得出，有水平过渡段的喷嘴流场的射流等核区长度明显，无水平过渡的喷嘴流场等核区分布不明显。对于水射流切割喷嘴而言，锥直型喷嘴射出的射流流场特性更好，射流出口轴向速度大，并且半径方向上的径向速度无波动，有利于切割。综合比较后，认为具有收缩段、水平过渡段锥直型喷嘴更适合于做高压水射流切割喷嘴。5 喷嘴参数优化从以上数

14、值模拟研究中，初步选定锥直型喷嘴为本研究选定切割喷嘴，现对其几何参数进行优化设计，为此进行正交试验设计6。本试验是通过喷嘴的出口速度大小来优选喷嘴的几何参数，影响喷嘴出口速度有如下四个因素：1）喷嘴直径d；2）收缩角；3）锥形直线段长度L；4）喷嘴圆柱段长度l。每个因素有三个水平，列成如下的因素水平表，见表5-1。表5-1 因素水平表因素水平喷嘴直径d/mm收缩角/锥形直线段长度L/mm喷嘴圆柱段长度l/mm123A1 =1A2=2A3=3B1=12B2=13B3=14C1=6C2=12C3=18D1=3D2=6D3=9根据因素的水平数，选用L9(34),然后进行表头设计、水平翻译，列出试验方

15、案表，见表5-2。表5-2 正交表因素试验号喷嘴直径d/mm收缩角/锥形直线段长度L/mm喷嘴圆柱段长度l/mm喷嘴出口速度/ m/s1234567891(1)1(1)1(1)2(2)2(2)2(2)3(3)3(3)3(3)1(12)2(13)3(14)1(12)2(13)3(14)1(12)2(13)3(14)1(3)2(6)3(9)2(6)3(9)1(3)3(9)1(3)2(6)1(6)2(12)3(18)3(18)1(6)2(12)2(12)3(18)1(6)344.257348.5433346.5619344.1671354.3533342.0943347.1017352.331434

16、9.2469R1039.3621040.6151048.689.3181035.5261055.2281037.90319.7021038.68271041.9571048.0179.33431035.5981037.7391043.067.462T=3128.657试验安排好后，按各号试验的条件进行模拟试验，记录九个喷嘴的模拟试验结果。试验考察的指标为喷嘴出口速度，把九组试验结果列入表5-2的右侧指标栏内，计算因素的极差：RA=9.318, RB=19.702, RC=9.3343, RD=7.462,按极差大小，因素的主次顺序排列如下： 主 次B C A D直接比较9个试验结果的喷嘴出口速

17、度，可以看出：第5号试验的喷嘴出口速度最大，因此喷嘴的较优几何参数如表5-3所示：表5-3 较优喷嘴几何参数喷嘴几何参数参数值喷嘴直径d/mm收缩角/锥形直线段长度L/mm喷嘴圆柱段长度l/mm213966 结论通过对喷嘴结构和几何参数的数值模拟研究，可以得出以下结论:(1) 具有收缩段、水平过渡段喷嘴射流流场特性更好，射流出口轴向速度大，并且半径方向上的径向速度无波动，适合于做高压水射流切割喷嘴。(2) 在喷嘴的四个主要的几何参数中喷嘴的收缩角对喷嘴的流场影响最大，喷嘴是否具有水平过渡段也是影响喷嘴性能的重要的因素，数值模拟研究结论和相关实验研究结果相符。参考文献：1 孙家俊.水射流切割技术

18、M.北京：中国矿业大学出版社，1992.2 崔谟慎,孙家俊.高压水射流技术M.北京：煤炭工业出版社，1993.3 刘俊,秦臻.高压水射流清洗作业中喷嘴的设计原理和选型依据J.管道技术与设备，2007(5),43-444 韩占忠，王敬，兰小平.FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用M.北京：北京理工大学出版社，2004.5 沈忠厚水射流理论与技术M东营：石油大学出版社，1998.6 赵选民，徐伟，师义民等.数理统计（第二版）M. 北京: 科学出版社, 2002.作者简介：于洪(1983-)，男，硕士研究生，主要从事高压水射流技术和瓦斯抽采技术的研究,通讯地址:河南理工大学能源科学与工程学院，E-

19、mail:iayuhong，联系电话：13723155439。（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, s

20、trengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high standard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements

21、, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces two party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process;

22、 the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key problems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the

23、two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015 to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulatio

24、ns revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys l

25、eadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experience of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping ser

26、ies of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important

27、 role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also difficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advoc

28、ated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulations repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not

29、for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very important role. Along with the development of the situation, which man

30、y provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, f

31、or violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party members. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to

32、be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision proces

33、s the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instruction

34、s. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting t

35、o study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries an

36、d state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committe

37、e of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of the military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations

38、 revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standing Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee Afte

39、r consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embodies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two

40、party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised and , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipl

41、ine, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about discipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party cons

42、titution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow the general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Cent

43、ral Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purp

44、ose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution about discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is

45、 to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the self-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all member

46、s, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list, emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one

47、 high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of t

48、he problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict political discipline and political rules, organization and disciplin

49、e and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and effective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the

50、and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward p

51、rinciples, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, removal and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhe

52、re to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party members and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies th

53、e comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and strive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The

54、 revised is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National Peoples solemn commitment. criterion of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, mor

55、e than 3600 words. After the revision of the , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main contents can be summarized as four must eight code. Lead part, reite

56、rated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as four must the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the foothold in permanent Bao the partys advanced nature and purity, to

57、 reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the public and private, cheap and rot thrifty and extravagance bitter music, put forward the four norms. Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms

58、 for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the vital few, around the clean politics, from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of the party members and cadres of the four norms to fully adapt to th

59、e strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at

60、all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the partys advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revised from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly def